scholarly journals CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF NIDANA AND SAMPRAPTHI OF AMAVATA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO AUTOIMMUNITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2219-2224
Author(s):  
Aswathy P.M. ◽  
Nagaraj S
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Equilibrium State ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Disease Entity ◽  
Causative Factors

The human body is a conglomeration of dosha, dhatu and mala. Even though doshas are having opposite gunas they do not harm the body when in equilibrium state and it maintains the integrity of dushyas. Ama is a unique concept in Ayurveda which can be considered as improperly digested food or accumulated metabolic waste which is not expelled out of the body has a tremendous capacity to vitiate the dosha, dhatu and mala and is capable of producing various diseases. Amavata is a disease entity where ama and vata plays important role in the samprapthi of disease and viruddha ahara and chesta are considered to be the main causative factors. Autoimmunity is the system of immune responses of an organism against its healthy cells and tissues. Any disease that results from such an aberrant immune response is termed an autoimmune disease. Keywords: Amavata, Ama, virudhahara, cheshta, autoimmunity

CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF CHAKSHUSHYA DRAVYAS AND ITS CLINICAL APPLICATIONS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SUSHRUTA SAMHITA

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 62-67
Author(s):  
Amritha Mohan ◽  
Pradeep K Kumar ◽  
Visakh MD
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Underlying Diseases

Netra is considered as one of the very important organs in human body. Chakshushya dravyas are the materials which are believed to be beneficial for eyes, henceforth usages of those Dravyas are recommended in various contexts of Sushruta Samhita. In the light of this knowledge and based on Rasadi gunas of Chakshushya dravyas explained in Ayurveda, a critical analysis of those dravyas is done to find out the logic behind the labelling of ‘Chakshushya dravyas’. Triphala, Ksheera, Madhu, Ghrita, Prapaundarika, Saindhava, Yava, Shatavari, Mudga, Jeevanti, Patola are critically analyzed. Even though most of the Chakshushya dravyas are predominantly Madhura rasa dravyas, there are dravyas that are Katu and Kashaya rasa predominant which are seldom told as Chakshushya. Tikta rasa is not considered as Chakshushya but some of the Chakshushya dravyas are Tikta rasa Pradhana. Majority of Chakshushya dravyas possess Rasayana, Brimhana, or Vrishya properties and all of them are not directly contributing to vision. There are ‘Chakshushya Rasayana’ dravyas i.e., dravyas which directly enhances the vision and other dravyas which pacifies the underlying diseases of eye and prevent the secondary manifestations.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF BACTERIAL IMMUNOMODULATORS INFLUENCE ON IMMUNOREGULATORY MECHANISMS IN PATIENTS WITH RESPIRATORY ALLERGIES

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 70-75
Author(s):  
A V Sobolev ◽  
O V Aak
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Cytokine Balance ◽  
Respiratory Allergies ◽  
Immunoregulatory Mechanisms

Recovering from bacterial infections in the first years of life reduces further risk of allergic diseases. Effects of bacterial immunomodulator Broncho Vaxom on immune system to certain extent repeats the immune response that occurs during penetration of the pathogen in the body. Bacterial antigens orchestrate cellular and humoral immune responses, stimulate innate immunity, normalize cytokine balance, and are promising in the treatment of respiratory allergic diseases.

scholarly journals Predicting the risk of re-infection from SARS-CoV-2 using the known pattern of adaptive immune response to previous human coronavirus outbreaks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ademola Samuel Ojo ◽  
Paul Toluwatope Okediji ◽  
Ayotemide P. Akin-Onitolo ◽  
Olusegun S. Ojo ◽  
Oluyinka Oladele Opaleye
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
The Body ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Short And Long Term

This paper attempts to answer the question: are recovered COVID-19 patients protected from re-infection? This review draws evidence from comparisons between immune responses to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), which are phylogenetically closely related to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Relevant studies were identified and reviewed based on searches conducted using PubMed. Full-text original studies on short- and long-term immune responses to human coronaviruses were included. The immune dysfunction and clinical manifestations in SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV were found to be similar. Infections with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV trigger the production of antibodies and memory B- and T-cells. Serum IgM is detectable within 7 days, peak at 21-30 days and become undetectable by 180 days. IgG is detectable at 7 days, peak at 90 days, and decline to undetected levels by 2 years post-infection. Memory B- and T-cells persist in the body for up to 2 and 6 years respectively after initial infection. The short-term risk of SARS-CoV-2 re-infection is predictably low based on similarities in the short term adaptive immune response to kindred coronaviruses. However, more research will be required to determine the long-term adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and factors that may influence the existence of short- and long-term immunity against the virus.

scholarly journals A CRITICAL STUDY OF ANNAVAHA SROTAS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ITS DEVELOPMENTAL ANATOMY

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1521-1528
Author(s):  
Niraj Gole ◽  
Pankaj Gupta ◽  
Nisha Bhalerao ◽  
Arvind Kumar Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
The Body ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Developmental Anatomy ◽  
Living Things ◽  
Basic Need

Ayurveda has its holistic approach to understanding the Purush Sharir by different theories like the Srotas, the concept of Srotas is a unique contribution in the understanding of the anatomy of the human body. There is a de- scription of Srotas by 13 Acharya Charak and 11 pairs of Srotas by Acharya Sushrut, both Acharyas described Annavaha Srotas and its Moolas. Acharya Dhanwantari all parts of the body formed at the same time due to Va- yu. Vayu along with Pitta demarcates channels according to purpose; similarly, entering Mamsa (flesh) demar- cates muscles. Matrija Bhava and PitrajBhav are helpful in the origin of Annavaha Srotas. In the classics, Achar- ya says about three Pillars of life viz Ahara, Nidra and Brahamacarya. Ahara is a basic need of all living things. Annavaha Srotas is one of the types of Srotas described in all important Samhita. Keywords: Annavaha Srotas, Sroto Moola, Annavahidhamni, Amashaya and Vamparshava

Enzyme-based nanocomplexes and their construction for detoxification of organophosphorus compounds

2020 ◽  
pp. 361-379
Author(s):  
Elena Efremenko ◽  
Il'ya Lyagin ◽  
Aslanli Aslanli
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Organophosphorus Compounds ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes ◽  
Biological Methods

Organophosphorus compounds (OPC) pose a serious threat, as they can have a neurotoxic effect on the human body, even death. In this regard, the main challenge of our times is the search for effective ways of degradation of OPC. In this case, preference is given to biological methods of OPC detoxification, which do not require the use of harsh chemical methods of degradation and are suitable for in vivo use. One of such methods is the use of biocatalysts — enzymes capable of hydrolyzing OPC. To stabilize the activity of enzymes, as well as leveling a possible immune response from the body when used in vivo, various modification methods are used, such as nanocapsulation, the formation of enzymepolyelectrolyte complexes, immobilization of the enzyme on various functionalized carriers, etc. The chapter contains the information on examples of such biocatalysts, discussion of their advantages and disadvantages.

scholarly journals Mucosal Vaccination via the Respiratory Tract

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hellfritzsch ◽  
Scherließ
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mucosal Immune System ◽  
Cytotoxic T Cell ◽  
Vaccine Administration ◽  
Cellular Immune

Vaccine delivery via mucosal surfaces is an interesting alternative to parenteral vaccine administration, as it avoids the use of a needle and syringe. Mucosal vaccine administration also targets the mucosal immune system, which is the largest lymphoid tissue in the human body. The mucosal immune response involves systemic, antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune response in addition to a local response which is characterised by a predominantly cytotoxic T cell response in combination with secreted IgA. This antibody facilitates pathogen recognition and deletion prior to entrance into the body. Hence, administration via the respiratory mucosa can be favoured for all pathogens which use the respiratory tract as entry to the body, such as influenza and for all diseases directly affecting the respiratory tract such as pneumonia. Additionally, the different mucosal tissues of the human body are interconnected via the so-called “common mucosal immune system”, which allows induction of an antigen-specific immune response in distant mucosal sites. Finally, mucosal administration is also interesting in the area of therapeutic vaccination, in which a predominant cellular immune response is required, as this can efficiently be induced by this route of delivery. The review gives an introduction to respiratory vaccination, formulation approaches and application strategies.

scholarly journals Evaluation of efficacy of Navakarshik Kwath Ghan in Sheetpitta with special reference to Urticaria

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-445
Author(s):  
Rohan Rathod ◽  
Pooja P Thakre ◽  
Vinod Ade
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Burning Sensation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Activity Score ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Single Group ◽  
Causative Factors

Background: Sheetapitta (Urticaria) is one among the Tvak Vikara (Skin disease) that have similar Hetu (Cause) of Kotha and Udarda. Vata and Kapha are two "Doshas" (energies), which are primarily, disturbed which in turn is associated with Pitta resulting in Tridosha Prakopa (Aggravation of three energies) leading to redness, swelling itching on the skin etc. Symptoms include appearance of wheals all over the body with severe itching, burning sensation and pain. Symptomatology and causative factors of Sheetapitta can be considered similar to that of 'Urticaria'. Aim: This clinical study was carried out to evaluation of efficacy in Sheetpitta with special reference to Urticaria. Material – Navakarshik Kwath Ghan in dose of 2 tab of 500 mg twice a day with water after meal in duration of 15 days. Methodology – In this study include single group of 30 subjects of either gender in the age group of 16-60 years having complaining of reddish wheals, itching and pricking pain on body. Observation and Result  – Data regarding age wise, sex wise, allergy wise, diet wise, Prakruti (Nature) wise, hematological parameters and UAS (Urticarial Activity Score). Conclusion – Internal use of Navakarshik Kwath Ghan is found effective in the severity of itching. 

Dynamics of the Autoimmune Response as Specific Differentiation Programs of T-cells in Multiple Sclerosis

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Lawrence M Agius ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
System Biology ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Autoimmune Response ◽  
Active Antigen

Systems of characterization of antigeniciy implicate active antigen differentiation in terms of the system biology of response to progressive cell injury. Subset incorporation employs active diversification of dysequilibrating sub-populations of given profile exposure of epitope recognition in specific establishment of an immune response. The diversification of such immune responses permit the potential establishment, paradoxicity of systems of adaptation as central to active cell differentiation. Incorporation of injury within the dynamics of evolving epitope exposure guarantee the propagation of the initial establishment of the auto-antigen response within working fabric of a differentiation set of operative interventions in terms of ongoing establishment as specific progression hallmarks of autoimmune disease potentiation

scholarly journals Interstitium: New Shock Absorbers in Human Body

2021 ◽  
pp. 01-03
Author(s):  
Dr.Sd. Abdul Jabbar Basha ◽  
Dr.K.Venkata Ramana ◽  
Nagalakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Lymphatic System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Shock Absorbers ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Flexible Protein

Agroup of fluid-filled compartments researchers has termed the "interstitium". This looks like a mesh with the network of skin, gut, lungs, blood vessels, and muscles with a strong flexible protein. The interstitium is the largest organ of the body which has been unnoticed.The teams of the invention say that compartments may act as “shock absorbers” that protect body tissues from damage.They realized the interstitium layer drains into the lymphatic system which may also spread cancer as a noticed side effect – the network of vessels transporting lymph, which is involved in the body’s immune response and providing a way for fluid to move around the body.

scholarly journals Biomaterials-Based Modulation of the Immune System

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Austin B. Gardner ◽  
Simon K. C. Lee ◽  
Elliot C. Woods ◽  
Abhinav P. Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antigen Delivery ◽  
Delivery Vehicles ◽  
Foreign Materials ◽  
Molecular Signals

The immune system is traditionally considered from the perspective of defending against bacterial or viral infections. However, foreign materials like implants can also illicit immune responses. These immune responses are mediated by a large number of molecular signals, including cytokines, antibodies and reactive radical species, and cell types, including macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer cells, T-cells, B-cells, and dendritic cells. Most often, these molecular signals lead to the generation of fibrous encapsulation of the biomaterials, thereby shielding the body from these biomaterials. In this review we will focus on two different types of biomaterials: those that actively modulate the immune response, as seen in antigen delivery vehicles for vaccines, and those that illicit relatively small immune response, which are important for implantable materials. The first serves to actively influence the immune response by co-opting certain immune pathways, while the second tries to mimic the properties of the host in an attempt to remain undetected by the immune system. As these are two very different end points, each type of biomaterial has been studied and developed separately and in recent years, many advances have been made in each respective area, which will be highlighted in this review.

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