scholarly journals Coining Nonce Words: Contrastive Research Based On A Novel

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-29
Author(s):  
Svetlana Nedelcheva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Parallel Corpus ◽  
Research Studies

Nonce words or occasionalisms are coined for a particular occasion and usually they are used just once. It is especially difficult when such newly created words have to be translated to another language. This article studies John Harding’s novel Florence & Giles and its Bulgarian translation (by Vladimir Molev). It is a sinister Gothic story told by the 12-year-old Florence living in an isolated New England mansion in 1891. She distorts words by transforming them into other parts of speech, e.g. nouns and adjectives are turned into verbs, nouns into adjectives, adverbs and prepositions into verbs, etc. At first, it could be annoying to the reader, however, once you get used to her narration, it is both fanciful and charming. This research studies the intensely concentrated nonce words in the text and their equivalents in Bulgarian from the point of view of their grammatical, word-formative and semantic characteristics. The contrastive method when applied to the parallel corpus shows some similarities and a lot of differences in the particular characteristics of nonce words due to the specifics of the two languages under discussion.

A contrastive look at the present perfect/preterite opposition in English and Norwegian

2001 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Elsness
Keyword(s):  
Zero Point ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Present Perfect ◽  
Parallel Corpus ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Past Time ◽  
The Past ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
The Difference

This article deals with the opposition between the present perfect and the preterite in English and Norwegian from a contrastive point of view. The use of these verb forms is very similar in the two languages, and markedly different from that in closely related languages such as German and French, where the present perfect is used much more widely. In English and Norwegian the preterite is the norm if the reference is identified as being to past time which is clearly separate from the deictic zero-point, for instance through adverbial specification, while the present perfect is used of situations extending from the past all the way up to the deictic zero-point, and of situations located within such a time span. In many intermediate cases, where the reference is to a loosely defined past time, either verb form may be used in both languages, although several writers have claimed that the present perfect is more common in Norwegian than in English in such cases. The difference between the two languages is more distinct if the reference is to what can be seen as unique past time, in which case the present perfect is usually blocked in English but very common in Norwegian. Also, the so-called inferential perfect in Norwegian is not matched by any similar perfect use in English. These claims are amply confirmed by an investigation of the English–Norwegian Parallel Corpus (ENPC), where the present perfect is more frequent in the Norwegian as compared with the English sections, at the expense of the preterite. Moreover, there is found to be a marked difference between the original and the translated texts of the ENPC: the ratio between the present perfect and the preterite is generally higher in Norwegian than in English but not quite so high in Norwegian texts translated from English as in Norwegian original texts, and somewhat higher in English texts translated from Norwegian than in English original texts. This difference is ascribed to interference from the source language in the translated texts.

Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Stocks and Management Implications in the Canadian Atlantic Provinces and New England, USA

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 1612-1625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
New England ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Environmental Influence ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Mixed Stock

This paper discusses the diversity of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) expressed as anatomical, physiological, and behavioral differences among stocks in the Atlantic Provinces of Canada and New England, USA. Evidence is reviewed for environmental and genetic influence on a number of stock-specific traits. Unique qualities of particular stocks are described. The loss of salmon from much of its former range is documented and discussed in relation to stock characteristics important in rehabilitation efforts. The mixed stock fisheries in Greenland and Newfoundland are considered from the point of view of interception. It is concluded that identification and management of specific stocks in the Greenland fishery are impracticable at present but that identification of North American components, using discriminant function analysis of scale growth patterns and smolt tagging, should be continued. In Newfoundland knowledge gained from tagging studies allows a significant degree of management of stocks from mainland Canada together with those from Newfoundland and Labrador. Since it is impracticable now to manage the fisheries off Greenland and Newfoundland and off the major Canadian Maritimes salmon-producing rivers—the Miramichi, Restigouche, and Saint John—in strict recognition of stocks, it is suggested that it may be possible to characterize an assemblage of like stocks from given areas and to identify and manage for these in large mixed-stock fisheries. Possible impacts of hatchery plantings are discussed in relation to prospects of success and effects on native stocks. It is concluded that we have the biological basis for evaluating likelihood of success and degree of danger to native stocks from extensive plantings of hatchery-reared juvenile salmon and that such evaluation should be conducted when embarking on projects involving use of hatchery-reared fish as part of a major salmon enhancement program in Atlantic Canada.Key words: genetics, environmental influence, rehabilitation, enhancement, interception, hatcheries, aquaculture

scholarly journals Discourse markers in English and European Portuguese translations: establishing functional equivalents and types of omission

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-121
Author(s):  
Milana Andreevna Morozova
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Markers ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Corpus Analysis ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Parallel Corpus ◽  
Original Language ◽  
European Portuguese ◽  
Target Languages

Based on the translations of a bidirectional English-Portuguese parallel corpus, this paper examines some English discourse markers (henceforth ‘DMs’, such as well, you know, I mean). The goal is twofold: firstly, the analysis of the translations establishes functional equivalents of the English DMs in European Portuguese, thus complementing the existing studies on translation of DMs in parallel corpus. Secondly and most importantly, this paper aims to approach the phenomenon of DMs omission frequently observed in translations from the empirical, rather than theoretical point of view. In particular, the study focuses on omission of DMs in the target languages. The corpus analysis resulted in the identification of three most common types of omission: DM deletion (i.e. a common DM deletion or omission in the target language), partial DM deletion (i.e. when one of the two DMs in the original language drops, resulting in translation of only one of them in the target language), DM addition (i.e. when there is no DM in the original language, but the translator has added it).

scholarly journals Semantics of the phraseological units with the component HUND in the modern German language

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Content ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Definite Article ◽  
German Language ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Figures Of Speech ◽  
Indefinite Article ◽  
Third Person ◽  
The Common ◽  
Pragmatic Aspects

The article is devoted to the semantics of the phraseological units with the component HUND in the modern German language research. The author defines the semantic content of the word HUND in the German language of the XXI century through a term, functional style and transferred meaning. Also the author distinguishes and specifies the etymology of the element, determines its original motivation – “one of the mountain animals”, which makes an appeal to the Early Indo-European language. The transferred meaning of the element under analysis in the semantic structure of the German language of the XX–XXI centuries is highlighted. Thorough analysis of the experimental card index made by author on the ground of such lexicographical sources as: the most authoritative German explanatory (“WAHRIG”) and phraseological (“DUDEN”) dictionaries, the bilingual phraseological dictionary of L.S. Osovetska and K.M. Silvestrova; the most complete among all German-Ukrainian dictionaries, where widely presented to phraseology – common figures of speech, idioms, phrases, stamps, sayings, proverb are presented (V. Müller), gave an opportunity to make some conclusion about the limitation of the lexical means of the semantics “dog” verbalization. The author proves that lexical means coincide with the zoological term being oriented at the same time onto the common and transferred usage. From the morphological point of view a dog is represented by two basic parts of speech: noun and pronoun. The noun is characterized by the grammatical categories of gender (masculine), number (single, plural), case (nominative, dative, accusative), definiteness (definite article), indefiniteness (indefinite article), omission (zero article). The pronoun is differentiated according to the semantics feature and is represented by the third person in plural in the nominative case; its parallel functions are defined as conjunction and subject of the subordinate sentence. The multiplicity of the semantics of the analyzed material predetermined by the lingual and extralingual factors is defined. The conclusions verify the widely know statements of linguists about the transfer of the term to the category of the common lexis, semantical development of a word under the influence of the linguistic and extralinguistic factors and the appearance of the semantic potential of a word in the communicative and pragmatic aspects.

scholarly journals Efficiency Measures In The Banking Industry In OECD Countries

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia Maggina
Keyword(s):  
Operations Research ◽  
Banking Industry ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Research Context ◽  
Efficiency Measures ◽  
Research Studies

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: x-small;">Looking at the banking industry worldwide, the consideration is concentrated on efficiency measures from a financial accounting point of view rather than the managerial or operations research context. Prior research studies have classified countries in groups according to productivity or other criteria related to technology.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>In this study factor unit prices, capacity indicators and exogeneous variables are regressed on various endogeneous variables.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>I also examine a larger number of countries than have been examined in previous studies.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>The results indicate groupings that are not consistent with prior classifications.</span></span></p>

A relevance-theoretic analysis of concept narrowing and broadening in English and Norwegian original texts and translations

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Lossius Falkum
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretic Analysis ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Conceptual Content ◽  
Parallel Corpus ◽  
Theoretic Point

This paper studies the lexical-pragmatic processes of narrowing and broadening of conceptual content in the relation between original texts and their corresponding translations in the English-Norwegian Parallel Corpus (ENPC) from a relevance-theoretic point of view. It is suggested that, in at least some cases, translations can be seen as a kind of mirror reflecting the pragmatic processes at work in lexical interpretation. A translator may choose to render an underspecified concept encoded in a source text by a word that more closely encodes the interpretation given to the concept in question, in which case the semantics/pragmatics distinction (as it applies to the source text) will be made explicit in the relation between source and target text. In other cases, the comparison of source and target text shows that similar lexical encodings in the two languages do not necessarily provide the same possibilities for lexical broadening.

scholarly journals La interpretación en el ámbito de la medicina

Babel ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-363
Author(s):  
Lucía Ruiz Rosendo
Keyword(s):  
Research Study ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
International Medical ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Market Situation ◽  
Medical Interpreting ◽  
Professional Market ◽  
Medical Meetings ◽  
Research Studies

International medical meetings are nowadays one of the events most frequently held in Spain and one of the meetings that usually turn to interpreting services. Consequently, medical congresses offer an interesting field to conference interpreters, especially those whose linguistic combination is English-Spanish. As a matter of fact, English is currently the language par excellence of international medical community. Nevertheless in spite of all those possibilities, we detect a lack of research studies in the field of medical interpreting. For this reason we initiated a research study in this field whose main purpose is to know the opinions and perceptions of one of the actors most involved in the act of interpreting: doctors that attend frequently international medical meetings and that turn to interpreting services. This article aims at describing the most relevant results of our study with the ultimate goal of offering a general vision of the professional market situation of medical interpreting in Spain from the point of view of doctors.


scholarly journals On comparative study of deverbal nominalizations denoting process and result in Lithuanian and English

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 159-177
Author(s):  
Solveiga Sušinskienė ◽  
◽  
Jolanta Vaskelienė
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
English Language ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Family ◽  
Concrete Nouns ◽  
Empirical Material

Although the Lithuanian and English languages are bound within the family of IndoEuropean languages, the typological differences between the two languages lie in the system of inflectional and derivational morphology. The paper analyses the concept of nominalization and discusses the deverbal process and result nominalizations in Lithuanian and English. For the comparative qualitative and quantitative analysis, 965 equivalents of deverbal nouns have been selected from the “Parallel Corpus”. Out of them, 802 examples belong to the category of deverbal process nouns, whilst the category of deverbal result nouns includes 163 examples. From the point of view of morphology, in both languages nominalization is a word-formation process by which a noun is derived from a verb, adjective or another noun, or even other parts of speech, usually through suffixation and by adding the ending in the Lithuanian language. Two types of nominalization can be found across languages: lexical and syntactic. Lexical nominalization refers to the formation of deverbal nouns or nominal words derived from the verb or a nominal word, and syntactic nominalization refers to turning a clause into a noun phrase. In summary, the investigation of the derivational affixes of deverbal nouns in Lithuanian and their equivalents in English has revealed the following differences: in Lithuanian, the deverbal nominalizations – deverbal process nouns and deverbal result nouns – can be formed with 132 suffixes and 5 endings, whilst in English – with 10 suffixes and by employing the derivational strategy of conversion. Also, the analysis of the empirical material revealed that the suffix -imas/-ymas in Lithuanian prevails in forming deverbal process nouns (they make 73 per cent of all deverbal process nouns), while the suffix -inys is the most prolific in forming deverbal result nouns (they make 38 per cent of all deverbal result nouns). The English equivalents usually have the suffix -ion/-tion/-sion/-ation, quite many derivatives have the suffix -ing. It should be noted that deverbal nominalizations in the Lithuanian language often correlate with abstract and concrete nouns (non-derivatives) in the English language: 23 per cent of all derivatives in Lithuanian have more than one equivalent (derivative or non-derivative) in English.

Object field of organizational culture: methodological conceptualization

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 602-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitalii Shymko
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Organization Culture ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Specific Factor ◽  
Content Type ◽  
System View ◽  
Ontological Analysis ◽  
Simultaneous Growth ◽  
Research Studies

Purpose This paper aims to develop a system view of the organizational culture, given entropy of theoretical and methodological outlooks on the phenomenon alongside simultaneous growth of number of research reports. Design/methodology/approach Sequential structural and ontological analysis of the Schein’s (2004) point of view on organization culture enabled to form a way of system comprehension of the respective object field on conscious and unconscious levels. Findings Structural ontology of organizational culture is represented by the mythopoetic concept of organization, which is a composition of unconscious motives reflecting standard and management peculiarities of functioning characteristic of a certain group. Research limitations/implications The proposed methodological discourse actualizes a hypothesis on organizational unconscious as a specific factor of organizational culture and begets a respective direction of the further research studies. Originality/value This is the first methodological concept that provides a system comprehension of the object field of organizational culture. The concept has important implications for methodological designs of further research studies and systematization of already obtained data within the domain.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document