scholarly journals The osteoporosis treatment by gene therapy: a current approach and challenges

2021 ◽  
pp. 84-88
Author(s):  
Riyakumari P D ◽  
Shreya M. S S ◽  
Trivedi Harsh
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Osteoporosis Treatment ◽  
Bone Fragility ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
Bone Architecture ◽  
Global Epidemic ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life

Osteoporosis is a worldwide disease characterized by reduction of bone mass and alteration of bone architecture resulting in increased bone fragility and increased fracture risk. Although it is seen in all age groups, gender, and races, it is more common in Caucasians (white race), older people, and women. With an aging population and longer life span, osteoporosis is increasingly becoming a global epidemic. Currently, it has been estimated that more than 200 million people are suffering from osteoporosis. Moreover, osteoporosis results in a decreased quality of life, increased disability-adjusted life span, and big financial burden to health insurance systems of countries that are responsible for the care of such patients. Therefore, increasing awareness in medical field, which, in turn, facilitates increase awareness of the normal populace, will be effective in preventing this epidemic.

A Review on The Complications and Management of Osteoporosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 2345-2349
Author(s):  
Mohsin Aijaz Soomro ◽  
Raheel Akbar Baloch ◽  
Najeeb ur Rehman ◽  
Niaz Hussain Keerio ◽  
Muhammad Faraz Jokhio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Bone Fragility ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Global Epidemic ◽  
Calcium Supplements ◽  
Skeletal Disease ◽  
The Individual

Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease that is characterized by low bone mineral density. It also disrupts the microarchitectural of the bone. In leads to increased bone fragility and risk of fractures. Even while it occurs in persons of various ages and ethnicities (including Caucasians and whites), it is more common among Caucasians (whites), elderly people, and women. Osteoporosis is becoming a global epidemic as the world's population ages and lives longer. Osteoporosis affects an estimated 200 million individuals worldwide. It affects a 3rd of women and one in every 12 men. This increases morbidity as well as mortality due to several complications. Moreover, It also reduces the patient's quality of life, lengthens their life expectancy when they are disabled, and places a heavy financial load on the health insurance systems of countries that are responsible for their care. Thus, it is essential to improve diagnostic methods and to introduce early intervention to prevent this disease. Lifestyle modification is an important recommendation for the population at risk. There are several pharmacological interventions that could be taken to prevent osteoporosis as vitamin D and calcium supplements and to treat osteoporosis as bisphosphonates and anabolic drugs. The most important step in the treatment is tailored to the individual patients and to optimize the treatment according to each case individually. Therefore, increasing doctor awareness, which promotes improved awareness among the general public, will be useful in averting this epidemic. 

scholarly journals Osteoporosis: Current Concepts

Joints ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 06 (02) ◽  
pp. 122-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Akkawi ◽  
Hassan Zmerly
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Osteoporosis Treatment ◽  
Bone Fragility ◽  
Pharmacological Therapy ◽  
Bone Architecture ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Diagnosis Of Osteoporosis ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractOsteoporosis is a worldwide disease characterized by reduction of bone mass and alteration of bone architecture resulting in increased bone fragility and increased fracture risk. Causes of osteoporosis include increasing age, female sex, postmenopausal status, hypogonadism or premature ovarian failure, low body mass index, ethnic background, rheumatoid arthritis, low bone mineral density (BMD), vitamin D deficiency, low calcium intake, hyperkyphosis, current smoking, alcohol abuse, immobilization, and long-term use of certain medications. The diagnosis of osteoporosis is established by measurement of BMD of the hip and spine using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. According to the World Health Organization criteria, osteoporosis is defined as a BMD that lies 2.5 standard deviation or more below the average value for young healthy women. Bone turnover biomarker detection may be useful in monitoring osteoporosis treatment and assessing fracture risk but not for diagnosis of osteoporosis. Management of osteoporosis consists of nonpharmacological interventions, which are recommended for all subjects, and pharmacological therapy in all postmenopausal women who have had an osteoporotic fracture or have BMD values consistent with osteoporosis.

A Osteoporose na Infância e na Adolescência

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Sérgio Spezzia
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Bone Fragility ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis

A osteoporose é uma doença osteometabólica caracterizada por perda de massa óssea e deterioração da microarquitetura do tecido ósseo com consequente fragilidade óssea e maior suscetibilidade à fraturas. O acometimento por osteopenia e osteoporose com algumas peculiaridades ocorre também em crianças e em adolescentes. O objetivo deste artigo foi averiguar aspectos clínicos de relevância acerca da osteoporose na infância e na adolescência encontrados na literatura. Foi realizada revisão bibliográfica com levantamento através de expressões de busca nas bases de dados: PubMED, Lilacs. Foram incluídos na pesquisa, trabalhos publicados em periódicos nacionais e internacionais de 2005 a 2015, nos idiomas inglês e português, que tratavam dos aspectos principais que envolvem acometimento de crianças e de adolescentes por osteoporose. Também foram considerados apontamentos de livros, monografias, dissertações e teses que possuíam esse mesmo conteúdo. A densidade mineral óssea nessas faixas etárias está intimamente relacionada com o pico de massa óssea que foi determinado até o final da segunda década de vida. Toda população infantil e de adolescentes, bem como seus pais e/ou responsáveis poderia ser alertada através da conscientização acerca dos problemas que podem ser gerados com essa enfermidade para que assim pudessem prevenir essa doença, uma vez que a mesma é incurável e causa enormes transtornos na vida adulta. Concluiu-se que é imprescindível que se empreendam condutas preventivas com realização de diagnóstico e prognóstico precoces nos acometidos pela osteoporose, visando minimizar danos ou sequelas futuras, podendo dessa forma propiciar melhores condições e qualidade de vida a esses pacientes.Palavras-chave: Osteoporose. Criança. Adolescente. Qualidade de Vida.AbstractOsteoporosis is a disease characterized by osteometabolic loss of bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue with consequent bone fragility and increased susceptibility to fractures. Involvement by osteopenia and osteoporosis with some peculiarities also occur in children and adolescents. The aim of this paper was to investigate clinical relevance about osteoporosis in childhood and adolescence in the literature. literature review was conducted a survey through search expressions in databases: PubMED, Lilacs. They were included in the research papers published in national and international journals from 2005 to 2015, in English and Portuguese, which addressed the major issues surrounding the involvement of children and adolescents by osteoporosis. Also books of notes were considered, monographs, dissertations and theses that had the same content. Bone mineral density in these age groups is closely related to peak bone mass was determined by the end of the second decade of life. Every child and adolescent population, as well as their parents and / or guardians could be prompted by awareness of the problems that can be generated with this disease so that they could prevent this disease, since it is incurable and causes major disruptions in adulthood. It was concluded that it is essential to undertake preventive measures to carry out early diagnosis and prognosis in affected by osteoporosis in order to minimize future damage or consequences, and may thus provide better conditions and quality of life for these patients.Keywords: Osteoporosis. Child. Adolescent. Quality of Life.

Conflict Monitoring Across the Life Span

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 124-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Czernochowski
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Conflict Detection ◽  
Response Conflict ◽  
Conflict Monitoring ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Additional Control ◽  
Performance Response ◽  
Conflict Detection And Resolution

Errors can play a major role for optimizing subsequent performance: Response conflict associated with (near) errors signals the need to recruit additional control resources to minimize future conflict. However, so far it remains open whether children and older adults also adjust their performance as a function of preceding response conflict. To examine the life span development of conflict detection and resolution, response conflict was elicited during a task-switching paradigm. Electrophysiological correlates of conflict detection for correct and incorrect responses and behavioral indices of post-error adjustments were assessed while participants in four age groups were asked to focus on either speed or accuracy. Despite difficulties in resolving response conflict, the ability to detect response conflict as indexed by the Ne/ERN component was expected to mature early and be preserved in older adults. As predicted, reliable Ne/ERN peaks were detected across age groups. However, only for adults Ne/ERN amplitudes associated with errors were larger compared to Nc/CRN amplitudes for correct trials under accuracy instructions, suggesting an ongoing maturation in the ability to differentiate levels of response conflict. Behavioral interference costs were considerable in both children and older adults. Performance for children and older adults deteriorated rather than improved following errors, in line with intact conflict detection, but impaired conflict resolution. Thus, participants in all age groups were able to detect response conflict, but only young adults successfully avoided subsequent conflict by up-regulating control.

Rationale, baseline characteristics and methodology of the non-interventional VIVA study in postmenopausal osteoporosis

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (01) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
L. C. Hofbauer ◽  
D. Felsenberg ◽  
M. Amling ◽  
A. Kurth ◽  
P. Hadji
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Postmenopausal Osteoporosis ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Osteoporosis Treatment ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Matched Pairs ◽  
Fracture History ◽  
Baseline Characteristics ◽  
Study Inclusion

SummaryIt is important to understand compliance and persistence with medication use in the clinical practice of osteoporosis treatment. The purpose of this work is to describe the “intravenous ibandronate versus oral alendronate” (VIVA) study, a non-interventional trial to assess the compliance and persistence of osteopenic postmenopausal women with treatment via weekly oral alendronate or intravenous ibandronate (Bonviva®) every three months.4477 patients receiving ibandronate 3 mg i. v. quarterly and 1491 patients receiving alendronate 70 mg orally weekly were included in the study. Matched pairs of 901 subjects in each group were also generated. Matching was performed on the basis of age, body mass index, fracture history at study inclusion, prior treatment with bisphosphonates and the number of concomitant disorders. Secondary outcome measures of osteoporosis related fractures, mobility restriction and pain, analgesia, quality of life questionnaires as well as attitudes to medications were assessed. The primary outcome parameters of compliance and persistence will be tracked in these subjects.At baseline, the entire collectives differed significantly on body weight (less in ibandronate group), duration since osteo - porosis diagnosis (longer in ibandronate), and incidence of prior osteoporotic fracture (higher in ibandronate group). The matched-pairs differed only on mobility restriction and quality of life (both worse in ibandronate group).The results from the VIVA study trial will provide scientific rationale for clinical recommendations in the pharmacological treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Assessing the quality of public health in the Russian Federation and Israel: Main problems and solutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 618-632
Author(s):  
A.S. Panchenko
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Population Based ◽  
The Public ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Year ◽  
Practical Recommendations

Subject. The article addresses the public health in the Russian Federation and Israel. Objectives. The focus is on researching the state of public health in Russia and Israel, using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) project methodology, identifying problem areas and searching for possible ways to improve the quality of health of the Russian population based on the experience of Israel. Methods. The study draws on the ideology of the GBD project, which is based on the Disability-Adjusted Life-Year (DALY) metric. Results. The paper reveals the main causes of DALY losses and important risk factors for cancer for Russia and Israel. The findings show that the total DALY losses for Russia exceed Israeli values. The same is true for cancer diseases. Conclusions. Activities in Israel aimed at improving the quality of public health, the effectiveness of which has been proven, can serve as practical recommendations for Russia. The method of analysis, using the ideology of the GBD project, can be used as a tool for quantitative and comparative assessment of the public health.

Leukemia Support Groups: How Are They Doing?

1997 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 407-412
Author(s):  
Donna Corwin Moss
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Support Groups ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Course Of Illness ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Sources Of Support ◽  
Practical Impact

Background Support groups help their participants to cope with the emotional and practical impact of their illnesses. Methods The effectiveness of the Leukemia Society of America support groups in enhancing the quality of life for their participants is reviewed. The groundwork, purpose, and structure of such groups, as well as alternate sources of support, are presented. Evaluation and future directions for oncology groupwork are discussed. Results Support groups complement the therapies provided by clinical practitioners and scientists by addressing the additional needs of cancer patients over the course of illness and survival. Conclusions New concepts and methods that address the needs of specific age-groups and incorporate the newly generated data on cancer treatments will further enhance the benefits provided by support groups.

scholarly journals Children’s Understanding of Informed Assents in Research Studies

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 871
Author(s):  
Hortense Cotrim ◽  
Cristina Granja ◽  
Ana Sofia Carvalho ◽  
Carlos Cotrim ◽  
Rui Martins
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Objective Understanding ◽  
Level Of Understanding ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Acceptance Of Health Care

The assent procedure reflects an effort to enable the minor to understand, to the degree they are capable of, what their participation in the decision making process would involve. Aims: To evaluate the minors’ ability to understand the information provided to them when obtaining assent and to evaluate the opinion of the parents regarding the importance of asking the child’s assent. Methods: The sample included a total of 52 minors aged between 10 and 17 years who underwent exercise echocardiogram. The Quality of Informed Consent is divided into two parts: Part A was used to measure objective understanding and part B to measure subjective understanding. Results: The results show that the minors have a high capacity to understand the information given to them when asking for assent. A positive relationship was found between the two parts of the questionnaire. No statistically significant relationship was found between age and sex and part A and part B or between both age groups (<14 years old and ≥14 years old) and the measure. In the case of the parents, 96.6% of parents consider assent as an advantage for the child’s acceptance of health care. The opinion of the parents is not related to the age, sex or level of schooling. Conclusion: Minors showed a substantial level of understanding regarding the information provided to them. The parents considered the implementation of assent fundamental to the child’s acceptance of health care.

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