scholarly journals Historical Prerequissites and Features of the Development of Ukrainian-Lithuanian Cooperation

2021 ◽  
pp. 125-139
Author(s):  
Ya. Vizniak
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
The Political ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Interstate Relations ◽  
Political Sphere ◽  
Political Analysis ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
Modern System ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Mass Form

The aim of the study is to analyze the process of formation and development of Ukrainian and Lithuanian interstate relations in the political sphere during the 1990s of the XX century – the beginning of the XXI century as the most effective and mass form of communication between the two countries. The research methodology is based on the fundamental principles of scientific knowledge: historicism, consistency and objectivity. At the same time, the methodological structure of the article provides for the analysis of the foreign policy of the Republic of Lithuania at three levels: theoretical and conceptual (analysis of the ideological and theoretical foundation of foreign policy in the context of the new geopolitical situation in Europe and the new realities and challenges of the modern system of international relations); doctrinal (analysis of foreign policy concepts and regulatory support for foreign policy); practical and political (analysis of the implementation of priority areas of foreign policy and the political and strategic course of both countries). The scientific novelty lies in the implementation of a systematic analysis of the development of Ukrainian and Lithuanian relations in the late XX – early XXI centuries, showing their development in a pan-European context, taking into account the geopolitical priorities of Ukraine and Lithuania. Conclusions. It was found out that the political sphere is the main area of cooperation in which Ukraine and the Republic of Lithuania actively cooperate and are mutually interested, which in turn acted as an imperative for establishing relations in the field of economy, culture, security and defense. In this context, the experience of the Republic of Lithuania should be taken into account, in which the consensus of political forces on the country’s foreign policy orientation was reached almost immediately after the declaration of independence.

DEMOCRACY AT THE SERVICE OF FOREIGN POLICY OF THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. FREDDIE
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Transition To Democracy ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
Foreign Policy Change ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Apartheid Regime

The article examines the place and role of democracy and human rights in South Africas foreign policy. The author analyzes the process of South Africas foreign policy change after the fall of the apartheid regime and transition to democracy. He gives characteristics of the foreign policy under different presidents of South Africa from 1994 to 2018 and analyzes the political activities of South Africa in the area of peacekeeping and human rights on the African continent.

scholarly journals Foreign policy positioning issue of small States (on the example of the Republic of Belarus relations with the Russian Federation and People’s Republic of China)

2020 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 113-128
Author(s):  
E. D. Salmygina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
The Political ◽  
Small States ◽  
Small State ◽  
Independent State ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Policy Strategies ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Foreign Policy Strategies

Small states are very weak in the political area. That is why there is a need for them to try to choose the various foreign policy strategies to defend themselves. Belarus is a small state that needs to survive in our rapidly developing and politically unstable world. Having emerged as a newly independent state as the result of the collapse of the USSR, Belarus faced a difficult choice in the decision where it was going to move further and on whom it could rely. In particular, in recent years, Belarus needs to make a subtle strategic calculation as to how to manage its relations with two important partners: Russia and China. This article considers the theory of small states’ foreign policy strategies in detail. It analyzes the choice of Belarus’s foreign policy strategies towards China and Russia. It shows that Belarus combines some characteristics from the classic small states’ foreign policy strategies, and it does not fully follow any of them.

scholarly journals Republic of Croatia’s Membership in NATO

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 390-397
Author(s):  
M. Zubovic
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Interstate Relations ◽  
Full Member ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
War For Independence ◽  
The Republic

The article discusses the Euro-Atlantic vector of Croatian foreign policy, primarily the historical path of the state into NATO and the advantages of membership in this alliance. The Republic of Croatia in its history experienced a rather difficult period associated with the Croatian War for Independence, which began in 1991 after the state announced its withdrawal from the SFRY. Since then, one of the main goals of Croatian foreign policy has been joining the Euro-Atlantic structures, which was fulfiled in 2009, when Croatia became a full member of NATO. Based on the experience of the War for Independence, for the Republic of Croatia this membership is an important factor in ensuring the country’s security, and it can also help improve interstate relations in the Balkans and strengthen stability in the region. The work will also outline the operations and missions in which Croatia participates within the NATO framework and contributes to the successful implementation of Euro-Atlantic foreign policy.

scholarly journals Ukrainian-Georgian Relations at the present Stage

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73
Author(s):  
E. I. Zyabkina
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
The Political ◽  
Interstate Relations ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Multilateral Cooperation ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
Soviet Space ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Post Soviet Space

After the collapse of the USSR Ukraine and Georgia began to develop their interstate relations actively. This development was facilitated by the political processes in each of the states, as well as the foreign policy pursued by Kiev and Tbilisi. Initially, countries focused on expanding interaction with Western countries, which were considered to be potential partners. Ukraine and Georgia were eager to develop the relations with the EU and NATO. In turn, European countries and the United States paid increased attention to Ukraine and Georgia.The alignment of forces in each of the states contributed to the rapprochement of Kiev and Tbilisi. The political forces of both countries pursued a course of distancing from Russia and rapprochement with Western countries. As a result, Ukrainian-Georgian relations relied on similar political positions, which allowed countries to expand cooperation on a bilateral basis and within the framework of multilateral cooperation mechanisms.In recent years Ukrainian-Georgian relations have been developing dynamically. Two states are pursuing a policy of joining NATO, expanding cooperation with the EU. Ukraine is interested in deepening cooperation with Tbilisi due to strained relations with Russia. In addition, Ukraine seeks to use the Western sanctions policy towards Russia to solve domestic political and socio-economic problems. Whereas, Western countries are interested in strengthening the Ukrainian-Georgian tandem hoping to use it in promotion of their interests in the post-Soviet space and in implementing policies towards Russia.This article explores the prospects for the development of interstate Ukrainian-Georgian relations, which will reflect the political processes in the post-Soviet countries.

scholarly journals Jibal Nuba: traditions of the past and difficulties of the new stage

2020 ◽  
pp. 130-143
Author(s):  
Igor V. Gerasimov ◽  
◽  
Daniil A. Alferov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the tribal groups inhabiting the Jibal Nuba region in Kordofan, the history of the spread of Islam in the region, the evolution of relations between local and Arab tribes and the current state of relations between the political forces of the Nuba and the authorities of the Republic of Sudan.

scholarly journals establishment and development of political parties in the Republic of Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (113) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tserennadmid Chuluunbaatar
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Political System ◽  
Party System ◽  
Organizational Characteristics ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Political Turmoil ◽  
Republic Of Turkey

This article discusses the origins and development of political parties in the Republic of Turkey, the political forces in Turkey during Ataturk's period, and the political turmoil in Turkey during the second half of the XX century. The article includes detailed research on the struggle for the survival, in some cases, the forced closure of certain political parties and groups in Turkey, a country with a distinctive Islamic and Western oriented society. In this regards, this article aims to explain in detail, how the method of operation was followed, what political parties and groups have been emerged, what positions do they occupy in the political system, how did they affect social and political spheres, structure, organizational characteristics of Turkey. The topic was selected explore the following facts and factors: at first, to show the reasons and historical circumstances of the formation of the first political party, to identify the role and places of parties in the political and social life, thirdly, to clarify the reasons for the formation of a multi-party system; Fourth, it sets out the specifics of the development of major political parties in Turkey since 1990s. Бүгд Найрамдах Турк Улс дахь улс төрийн намын үүсэл, хөгжил Хураангуй: Энэхүү өгүүлэлд Бүгд Найрамдах Турк улс (БНТУ) дахь улс төрийн намуудын үүсэл, хөгжлийн талаар тэр дундаа Бүгд Найрамдах улс байгуулсан цаг үе буюу дотоод улс төрийн амьдралд М.К.Ататуркээр удирдуулсан улс төрийн хүчнээс гадна үзэл, хандлагаараа ялгаатай нийгмийн бүлгүүд үүсэж, оршин байхын төлөө тэмцэж, зарим тохиолдолд хүчээр хаагдах хүртэл олон үйл явдал өрнөсөн, өвөрмөц үеийг сонгон судлахыг зорив.Исламын шашинтай боловч барууны чиг баримжаатай хөгжлийн зам сонгосон Турк улсын хувьд чухамхүү улс төрийн нам, олон намын тогтолцоо бүрэлдэн бий болсон түүхэн үйл явцтай холбогдох архив болон судалгааны мэдээлэл түлхүү ашиглалаа.Ингэхдээ БНТУ-ын түүхийн чухам хэдий үед улс төрийн ямар нам, бүлэг бий болж, дотоод улс төрийн амьдралд ямар байр суурь эзэлж, хэрхэн нөлөөлж, ямар нийгмийн бааз суурь, бүтэц бүрэлдэхүүн, зохион байгуулалтын шинж төрх, улс төрийн үйл ажиллагааны арга хэлбэрийг мөрдөж байсан талаар тайлбарлалаа.Сэдвийг сонгож авахдаа: нэгдүгээрт, Турк улсад сонгодог утгаараа улс төрийн анхны нам үүссэн шалтгаан, түүхэн нөхцөлийг харуулах, хоёрдугаарт, ХХ зууны Туркийн улс төрийн намын үйл ажиллагааг зохицуулж байсан хууль, эрх зүйн орчны онцлогийг харуулах гуравдугаарт, олон намын тогтолцоо үүсэн, бүрэлдсэн нөхцөлийг тодотгох, дөрөвдүгээрт, 1990 оноос хойших Туркийн улс төрийн намын тогтолцооны төлөвшил, онцлогийг харуулах зорилтуудыг дэвшүүлсэн болно. Түлхүүр үгс: Улс төрийн нам, үзэл суртал, хөгжлийн хандлага, сэтгэлгээний түүх, түүхийн үечлэл

KAZAKHSTAN’S NATIONAL IDENTITY IN THE CONTEXT OF STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP WITH RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-109
Author(s):  
Zhanat Makasheva, ◽  
◽  
Assem Kashkinbayeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
World Order ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
New World Order ◽  
Political Analysis ◽  
Modern System ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Definition Of

The article examines the main aspects of the definition of Kazakhstani identity in the context of strategic partnership with the Russian Federation, its historical and political analysis at the turn of the XXI century and on the eve of the 30th anniversary of the independence of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Particular emphasis is placed on the ideological basis for strengthening the independence of Kazakhstan through a well-grounded multi-vector foreign policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan and its role in the context of strategic partnership with the Russian Federation in the context of the formation of a new world order in the modern system of international relations.

THE CONCEPT OF "INTERSTATE RELATIONS" AND ITS MEANING

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Kamolaxon Abdurazakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
The Political ◽  
Additional Material ◽  
Interstate Relations ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
The World ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The article examines the relationship of international relations in the development of economic, political, legal, diplomatic, military, humanitarian and other spheres, the relationship between the political forces operating in the world. This aspect of the issue serves as additional material for works published on the international stage

PARTICIPATION OF POLITICAL PARTIES IN DEMOCRATIC ELECTIONS: CURRENT ASPECTS OF COMPETITIVENESS

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 98-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Касибина ◽  
Mariya Kasibina
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Party ◽  
The Political ◽  
Election Campaign ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Political Sphere ◽  
Positive Image ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
Democratic Elections

The article discusses some problematic aspects of interdependence of elections and institution of political parties. The absence of the rivalry of equal parties - opponents in the election campaign in the political sphere of the Russian society is pointed out. The importance of open competition of the parties in elections is analyzed. The importance of effective positive image of the political party and its ability to organize the promotion of elections is noted. The necessity of changes in the electoral legislation regarding the establishment of equal conditions for all political forces, particular in the elections is substantiated

Egyptian Orthodox Church Among Inconsistent Political and Social Contexts

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-199
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. Amin
Keyword(s):  
Social Contexts ◽  
The Political ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Political Sphere ◽  
Political Role ◽  
Political Transformations ◽  
Important Player ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Church

Beginning with the uprising in 2011 and until the reelection of President Abdel Fattah El-Sisi in 2018 for a second term, the Egyptian Orthodox Church has been an important player as the representative of the Coptic Christians in the country. This article examines the role of the Egyptian Orthodox Church since the establishment of the republic in 1952 and explores the historical events that sought to redefine the role of the Church in the political sphere. Unlike the previous studies focusing on Coptic Christians and their position in the sociopolitical contexts, this study tackles the political role of the Orthodox Church in its institutional capacity. The study concludes that the Egyptian Orthodox Church has turned into an important political player in the political sphere, and its political role increased substantially with the uprising. Its power is manifested in its support for the political transformations in 2013 and the backing the regime until today.

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