scholarly journals Features of immune status in patients with metastatic and glial brain tumors at the preparatory stage of radiotherapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-363
Author(s):  
A. A. Gryazov ◽  
M. I. Lisyany ◽  
A. B. Gryazov
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Myeloperoxidase Activity ◽  
Metastatic Tumors ◽  
Significant Difference

Background. Studies carried out in recent decades have shown that immune cells are essential participants in the cancer process as well as cancerrelated inflammation. Focus has been increased on understanding the way how immune cells affect a tumor at different stages of the disease: early neoplastic transformation, clinically detected tumors, metastatic spread, and at surgery and radiotherapy stages. Purpose – assessing the status of the immune system in patients with brain tumors before radiation therapy and radiosurgery and comparing the features of immunity in metastatic and glial brain tumors. Materials and methods. The study presents the immunogram findings of 61 patients. Out of those: 18 patients with primary glial tumors and 23 patients with secondary metastatic tumors to the brain. The outcomes of 20 conditionally healthy non-cancer patients are presented as a control group. The age of patients is 24–75. All patients were histologically diagnosed with the tumor. Surgery was performed 1.0–3.0 years before the examination. Assessment of the immune system in patients with brain tumors was performed taking into account the cellular, humoral and phagocytic component of innate immunity. When assessing cellular immunity, the relative and absolute count of major lymphocyte subpopulations, such as CD3+ – general T-lymphocytes, CD4+ – T-lymphocytes-helpers, CD8+ – cytotoxic lymphocytes, CD16+ – natural killer lymphocytes, CD19+-B-lymphocytes, were calculated. Determining the humoral parameters included an assessment of quantitative values of IgG, IgM and IgA. Quantitative assessment of the phagocytic component of innate immunity included phagocytic activity of neutrophils (i. e. NBT test (Nitroblue Tetrazolium test), inducing (Zymosanum) and spontaneous neutrophil myeloperoxidase activity). Results. When comparing the immune parameters of the number of T- and B-subpopulations of lymphocytes in patients with primary malignant brain tumors and secondary metastatic tumors, no statistically significant difference has been detected between these params. Glioblastomas show higher levels of СD4+- and CD8+-lymphocytes in comparison with other tumour groups as well as higher levels of IgG and IgA than in other tumors, while IgM concentration is almost at the same level in three groups of patients. There is a tendency for reducing IgG and IgM level in the blood of patients with metastatic tumors. Both groups of cancer patients under study show inhibition of myeloperoxidase activity of neutrophils in the setting of maintaining the function of NBT cell activity. Conclusions. According to the findings obtained via studying immunological indicators of brain tumors, both metastatic and primary malignant glial ones, there are partial changes in various immune system components such as cellular, humoral and phagocytic activity. However, no statistically significant difference was detected between immune status indicators, that substantiates the need for further study of this issue. At the stage of preparation for radiation therapy, no significant changes in the immune system of the patients with brain tumors, that would make such treatment impossible and be consiered as one of contraindications, are observed.

Multiagent Chemotherapy and Deferred Radiotherapy in Infants With Malignant Brain Tumors: A Report From the Children’s Cancer Group

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (30) ◽  
pp. 7621-7631 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Russell Geyer ◽  
Richard Sposto ◽  
Mark Jennings ◽  
James M. Boyett ◽  
Richard A. Axtell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Induction Chemotherapy ◽  
Metastatic Disease ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Residual Tumor ◽  
Study Entry ◽  
Receive Radiation Therapy ◽  
Malignant Brain Tumors ◽  
Significant Difference

Purpose To evaluate response rate, event-free survival (EFS), and toxicity of two chemotherapeutic regimens for treatment of children younger than 36 months with malignant brain tumors and to estimate control intervals without irradiation in children with no residual tumor after initial surgery and induction chemotherapy and with delayed irradiation in patients with residual tumor or metastatic disease at diagnosis. Patients and Methods Patients were randomly assigned to one of two regimens of induction chemotherapy (vincristine, cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, and etoposide v vincristine, carboplatin, ifosfamide, and etoposide). Maintenance chemotherapy began after induction in children without progressive disease. Children with no residual tumors after induction therapy and no metastatic disease at diagnosis were not to receive radiation therapy unless their tumors progressed. Results Two hundred ninety-nine infants were enrolled. Forty-two percent of patients responded to induction chemotherapy. At 5 years from study entry, the EFS rate was 27% ± 3%, and the survival rate was 43% ± 3%. There was no significant difference between the two arms in terms of response rate or EFS. For medulloblastoma, supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor, ependymoma, and rhabdoid tumors, 5-year EFS rates were 32% ± 5%, 17% ± 6%, and 32% ± 6%, and 14% ± 7%, respectively. Fifty-eight percent of patients who were alive 5 years after study entry had not received radiation therapy. Conclusion Intensified induction chemotherapy resulted in a high response rate of malignant brain tumors in infants. Survival was comparable to that of previous studies, and most patients who survived did not receive radiation therapy.

scholarly journals The Effect of Air Pollution on the Immune System

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Liu
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Cytokine Secretion ◽  
Acquired Immunity

Air pollution has become a serious problem, the pollutant mainly came from industrial and vehicle exhaustion will harm people’s bodies to a different extent, cause lots of diseases like asthma, and cardiovascular disease. The system protects us are also be damaged by pollutant entering the tissue barrier, harm to immune cells and regulate cytokine secretion. This essay is mainly focused on the particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxide effect on the immune system from the innate immunity to the acquired immunity, and how the immune system defense.

Self-Reported Sexual, Bowel and Bladder Function in Cervical Cancer Patients Following Different Treatment Modalities: Longitudinal Prospective Cohort Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1717-1725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quirine D. Pieterse ◽  
Gemma G. Kenter ◽  
Cornelis P. Maas ◽  
Cor D. de Kroon ◽  
Carien L. Creutzberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Unexpected Finding ◽  
Prognostic Features ◽  
Sexual Symptoms ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Early Stage Cervical Cancer

ObjectiveConventional radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy (RHL) for early-stage cervical cancer is associated with significant bladder, anorectal, and sexual dysfunction. Nerve-sparing modification of RHL (NS-RHL) has been developed with the aim to reduce surgical treatment-related morbidity. Postoperative radiation therapy (RT) is offered to patients with unfavorable prognostic features to improve local control. The aim of the study was to assess self-reported morbidity of various types of treatment in cervical cancer patients.MethodsSelf-reported symptoms were prospectively assessed before and 1 and 2 years after treatment by the Dutch Gynaecologic Leiden Questionnaire.ResultsIncluded were 229 women (123 NS-RHL and 106 conventional RHL). Ninety-four (41%) received RT. Up to 2 years (response rate, 81%), women reported significantly more bowel, bladder, and sexual symptoms compared with the pretreatment situation. No significant difference was found between the conventional RHL and NS-RHL with the exception of the unexpected finding that a smaller percentage in the NS-RHL group (34% vs 68%) complained about numbness of the labia and/ or thigh. Radiation therapy had a negative impact on diarrhea, urine incontinence, lymphedema, and sexual symptoms (especially a narrow/short vagina).ConclusionsIn the current longitudinal cohort study, treatment for early-stage cervical cancer was associated with worse subjective bladder, anorectal, and sexual functioning, irrespective of the surgical procedure used. Postoperative RT resulted in a significant deterioration of these functions. The results have to be interpreted with caution in view of the study design and method used.

scholarly journals Effects of low dose radiation on immune cells subsets and cytokines in mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-262
Author(s):  
Xiaochang Liu ◽  
Zheng Liu ◽  
Duo Wang ◽  
Yang Han ◽  
Sai Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Low Dose Radiation ◽  
Dose Irradiation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dose Radiation

Abstract Whole-body exposure to low-dose radiation due to diagnostic imaging procedures, occupational hazards and radiation accidents is a source of concern. In this study, we analyzed the effects of single and long-term low-dose irradiation on the immune system. Male Balb/c mice received a single whole-body dose of irradiation (0.01, 0.05, 0.2, 0.5 or 1 Gy). For long-term irradiation, mice were irradiated 10 times (total dose of 0.2, 0.5 or 1 Gy) over a period of 6 weeks. Two days after single or long-term irradiation, the numbers of splenic macrophages, natural killer cells and dendritic cells were reduced, and the spleen organ coefficient was decreased. At 2 Days after long-term low-dose irradiation, the number of white blood cells in the peripheral blood of the mice decreased. Between 7 and 14 Days after long-term low-dose irradiation, the number of immune cells in the thymus and spleen began to increase and then stabilized. Th1/Th2 cytokines and reactive oxygen species-related proteins first decreased and then increased to a plateau. Our results show a significant difference in the effects of single and long-term low-dose irradiation on the immune system.

scholarly journals Fragile phagocytes: FMRP positively regulates engulfment activity

2017 ◽  
Vol 216 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary A. Logan
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Fragile X ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Abnormal Development ◽  
System Function ◽  
Immune System Function ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Defective immune system function is implicated in autism spectrum disorders, including Fragile X syndrome. In this issue, O’Connor et al. (2017. J. Cell Biol. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201607093) demonstrate that phagocytic activity of systemic immune cells is compromised in a Drosophila melanogaster model of Fragile X, highlighting intriguing new mechanistic connections between FMRP, innate immunity, and abnormal development.

scholarly journals Stress Hyperglycemia, Insulin Treatment, and Innate Immune Cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangming Xiu ◽  
Mile Stanojcic ◽  
Li Diao ◽  
Marc G. Jeschke
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Critical Illness ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Insulin Treatment ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Innate Immune Cells

Hyperglycemia (HG) and insulin resistance are the hallmarks of a profoundly altered metabolism in critical illness resulting from the release of cortisol, catecholamines, and cytokines, as well as glucagon and growth hormone. Recent studies have proposed a fundamental role of the immune system towards the development of insulin resistance in traumatic patients. A comprehensive review of published literatures on the effects of hyperglycemia and insulin on innate immunity in critical illness was conducted. This review explored the interaction between the innate immune system and trauma-induced hypermetabolism, while providing greater insight into unraveling the relationship between innate immune cells and hyperglycemia. Critical illness substantially disturbs glucose metabolism resulting in a state of hyperglycemia. Alterations in glucose and insulin regulation affect the immune function of cellular components comprising the innate immunity system. Innate immune system dysfunction via hyperglycemia is associated with a higher morbidity and mortality in critical illness. Along with others, we hypothesize that reduction in morbidity and mortality observed in patients receiving insulin treatment is partially due to its effect on the attenuation of the immune response. However, there still remains substantial controversy regarding moderate versus intensive insulin treatment. Future studies need to determine the integrated effects of HG and insulin on the regulation of innate immunity in order to provide more effective insulin treatment regimen for these patients.

scholarly journals An Immune Model to Predict Prognosis of Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Based on Support Vector Machine

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mozhi Wang ◽  
Zhiyuan Pang ◽  
Yusong Wang ◽  
Mingke Cui ◽  
Litong Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Support Vector Machine ◽  
Immune System ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients

Tumor microenvironment has been increasingly proved to be crucial during the development of breast cancer. The theory about the conversion of cold and hot tumor attracted the attention to the influences of traditional therapeutic strategies on immune system. Various genetic models have been constructed, although the relation between immune system and local microenvironment still remains unclear. In this study, we tested and collected the immune index of 262 breast cancer patients before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Five indexes were selected and analyzed to form the prediction model, including the ratio values between after and before neoadjuvant chemotherapy of CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio; lymphosum of T, B, and natural killer (NK) cells; CD3+CD8+ cytotoxic T cell percent; CD16+CD56+ NK cell absolute value; and CD3+CD4+ helper T cell percent. Interestingly, these characters are both the ratio value of immune status after neoadjuvant chemotherapy to the baseline. Then the prediction model was constructed by support vector machine (accuracy rate = 75.71%, area under curve = 0.793). Beyond the prognostic effect and prediction significance, the study instead emphasized the importance of immune status in traditional systemic therapies. The result provided new evidence that the dynamic change of immune status during neoadjuvant chemotherapy should be paid more attention.

scholarly journals Constructing the ceRNA Regulatory Network and Combining Immune Cells to Evaluate Prognosis of Colon Cancer Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiasheng Xu ◽  
Tianyi Ling ◽  
Siqi Dai ◽  
Shuwen Han ◽  
Kefeng Ding
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Regulatory Network ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Lasso Regression ◽  
Cerna Network ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Prognosis Model

Objective: This study was conducted in order to construct a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network to screen RNA that plays an important role in colon cancer and to construct a model to predict the prognosis of patients.Methods: The gene expression data of colon cancer were downloaded from the TCGA database. The difference was analyzed by the R software and the ceRNA network was constructed. The survival-related RNA was screened out by combining with clinical information, and the prognosis model was established by lasso regression. CIBERSORT was used to analyze the infiltration of immune cells in colon cancer, and the differential expression of immune cells related to survival was screened out by combining clinical information. The correlation between RNA and immune cells was analyzed by lasso regression. PCR was used to verify the expression of seven RNAs in colon cancer patients with different prognoses.Results: Two hundred and fifteen lncRNAs, 357 miRNAs, and 2,955 mRNAs were differentially expressed in colon cancer. The constructed ceRNA network contains 18 lncRNAs, 42 miRNAs, and 168 mRNAs, of which 18 RNAs are significantly related to survival. Through lasso analysis, we selected seven optimal RNA construction models. The AUC value of the model was greater than 0.7, and there was a significant difference in the survival rate between the high- and low-risk groups. Two kinds of immune cells related to the prognosis of patients were screened out. The results showed that the expression of seven RNA markers in colon cancer patients with different prognoses was basically consistent with the model analysis.Conclusion: We have established the regulatory network of ceRNA in colon cancer, screened out seven core RNAs and two kinds of immune cells, and constructed a comprehensive prognosis model of colon cancer patients.

scholarly journals 76. THE ROLE OF FRAILTY IN PREDICTING POSTOPERATIVE SOCIOECONOMIC OUTCOMES AMONG PATIENTS WITH METASTATIC BRAIN CANCER

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii16-ii16
Author(s):  
Adham M Khalafallah ◽  
Adrian E Jimenez ◽  
Sakibul Huq ◽  
Palak Patel ◽  
Debraj Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Brain Cancer ◽  
Metastatic Cancer ◽  
Frailty Index ◽  
Primary Lung Cancer ◽  
Hospital Charges ◽  
Metastatic Tumors ◽  
Total Hospital ◽  
Discharge Disposition ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract BACKGROUND Patient frailty is an important consideration in the context of providing high-value, cost-effective care, as it has shown to effectively predict postoperative morbidity and mortality in many surgical subspecialties. However, for metastatic cancer patients, there is a lack of consensus as to whether frailty effectively predicts postoperative outcomes such as survival and length of stay (LOS), specifically among patients with metastatic brain tumors. OBJECTIVE The present study sought to determine if the 5-factor modified frailty index (mFI-5) independently predicts LOS, discharge disposition, and total hospital charges among patients with metastatic brain cancer. METHODS Patients diagnosed with metastatic brain cancer who underwent surgery between 2017–2019 at a single academic institution were analyzed. Bivariate analysis identified patient characteristics significantly associated of LOS, discharge disposition, and total hospital charges. Multivariate linear regression was used to identify independent predictors of LOS and total hospital charges, while multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of non-routine discharge disposition. P <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS A total of 302 patients were included in our analysis. Our patient cohort had a mean age (standard deviation) of 62.27 11.86 years, and was majority female (52.0%) and Caucasian (74.2%). The majority of patients had a primary lung cancer (24.8%), followed by breast cancer (13.6%). There was no significant difference in mFI-5 score between patients with metastatic tumors of known origin compared to patients with metastatic tumors of unknown origin (p=0.61). In multivariate analysis, a higher mFI-5 score independently predicted longer LOS (regression coefficient [Coef]=1.36 days, p<0.001), non-routine discharge disposition (odds ratio [OR]=1.60, p=0.0079), and higher total hospital charges (Coef=$4325.54, p=0.0010). CONCLUSION The mFI-5 independently predicts LOS, discharge disposition, and total hospital charges among our cohort of metastatic brain cancer patients. Our findings may be used to aid physicians in providing high-value neurosurgical care.

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