scholarly journals The Effects of Supplementing Whole Milk with Juniper (Juniperus oxycedrus) Aromatic Water on Growth and General Health Parameters of Holstein Calves

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-36
Author(s):  
Ali Riza ISİK ◽  
Serkan ÖZKAYA
Keyword(s):  
General Health ◽  
Juniperus Oxycedrus ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Health Parameters

scholarly journals The Effect of Different Feeding Times of Microencapsulated Sodium Butyrate in Whole Milk and Starter Feed on Growth and Health of Holstein Dairy Calves

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mahdi Eskandary ◽  
Mehdi Hossein Yazdi ◽  
Ehsan Mahjoubi ◽  
Mehdi Kazemi-Bonchenari
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Butyrate ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Fecal Score

Abstract This study aimed to determine the optimal feeding time of microencapsulated sodium butyrate (SB) in whole milk (WM) and starter feed on growth performance and health in dairy calves. Forty-eight Holstein calves (age = 4 d; body weight [BW] = 39.45 ± 2.48 kg) were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 treatment groups (12 calves per treatment) in a completely randomized block design and fed (1) WM without microencapsulated SB (SB0) supplementation; (2) 4 g/d SB added to WM since d 4 to 32 (SB4); (3) 4 g/d SB added to WM since d 61 to 74 and equal amount was added to starter since d 75 to 88 (SB60); and (4) 4 g/d SB added to WM (since d 4 to 74) and the starter (since d 74 to 88) throughout the experiment (SBT). Calves fed SB4 and SBT had lower fecal score during pre-weaning, transition period, and overall period (P = 0.043, P = 0.05, and P = 0.015; respectively). In addition, calves in SB4 and SBT groups decreased the number of days with scours during pre-weaning period, and throughout study (P = 0.035 and P = 0.025; respectively). SB60 calves had greater serum total protein (P < 0.001) during post-weaning period. Post-weaning and overall albumin concentrations were greater in SB4 and SBT calves (P = 0.011), and tended to increase in pre-weaning period compared to control calves (P = 0.06). Based on these results, addition of SB in WM is recommendable for the first month of milk-fed calves life.

THE EFFECT OF LEVEL AND FREQUENCY OF FEEDING WHOLE MILK ON BODY WEIGHT GAIN AND FEED CONVERSION OF CALVES

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 473-476
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER ◽  
FRANK VAN MERLE
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feeding Level ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Milk Feeding

Thirty-two male Holstein calves, beginning at 1 wk of age, were used to estimate differences in weight gain between two feeding levels and two feeding frequencies over a period of 3 wk. Calves were randomly assigned to one of the following four treatments: whole milk (WM) fed at 10% of body weight (BW) twice a day; WM fed at 10% BW, three times a day; WM fed at 12% of BW, in two feedings per day, or WM fed at 12% of BW, in three feedings per day. Body weight gains and feed conversions were 279 and 437 g per day and 12.02 and 9.51 kg whole milk per kilogram of gain for the 10 and 12% levels of feeding, respectively. There was a trend towards increased rate of gain and improved feed efficiency when calves were fed twice compared to three times a day. Cost of medication was not influenced by level or frequency of feeding. It was concluded from this study that feeding whole milk at 12% of body weight was preferable to feeding at the 10% level of intake. Key words: Milk feeding, level, frequency, dairy calves

A Body to Die for: Body Measurements and BMI Values Among Female and Male Runway Models

2020 ◽  
pp. 0887302X2096889
Author(s):  
Iva Jestratijevic ◽  
Nancy A. Rudd ◽  
Sanja Ilic
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Quantitative Study ◽  
General Health ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Secondary Industry ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Body Ideals ◽  
Health Parameters

Runway models play a central role in creating and promoting cultural beauty and body ideals. However, little is known about body measurements (BMs) and anthropometric health parameters among this modeling population. The main purpose of this quantitative study is to describe BMs and anthropometric health parameters to understand the severity of thinness among models. Secondary industry-reported data were analyzed to quantify female and male models’ BMs and to assess anthropometric health parameters over seven consecutive fashion-week seasons. Low and decreasing BMs and body mass index values, over these years, provide alarming evidence that extreme thinness seriously affects models’ lives and general health. Considering the reach of fashion images and their detrimental effects on consumers, as well as the commonality of eating disorders among professional models, this study implores scholars in the field of clothing and textiles to consider feasible and compelling scholarly initiatives and cross-disciplinary collaborations to uncover problem solutions

RESPONSE TO WEANING AT TWO TO FIVE WEEKS OF AGE BY THE YOUNG DAIRY CALF

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. WINTER
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Dairy Calf ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Holstein Bull ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Holstein Calves

In two experiments Ayrshire and Holstein bull calves were weaned off whole milk onto dry feed at various ages, ranging from 14 to 35 days, to determine the earliest age at which calves may be weaned successfully. Ayrshire calves were weaned at 14, 21 and 35 days with no significant differences in weight gains or feed intake to 15 wk of age. Holstein calves were weaned off whole milk or fermented colostrum at 17, 21, 24, 28 and 35 days of age with no significant differences in weight gains and feed intake to 12 wk of age. Also, the feeding of either fresh whole milk or fermented colostrum did not sigificantly affect animal performance. Several calves weaned at less than 21 days, in each experiment, refused to eat dry feed. Post-weaning deaths of several calves weaned at 21 days were attributed to prolonged pre-weaning scours or illness at time of weaning. It was concluded that healthy male calves may be weaned successfully at 21 days of age but weaning should be delayed for calves afflicted with scours or other illness. Agressive eaters may be weaned as early as 14 days of age but some calves weaned at less than 21 days of age may encounter problems in adapting to dry feed.

AN EVALUATION OF MILK REPLACERS BASED ON THE GROWTH RATE, HEALTH AND BLOOD CHEMISTRY OF HOLSTEIN CALVES

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Milk Replacers

Forty male Holstein calves were divided into four groups; one group was offered whole milk and each of the others was given a different milk replacer. All calves were fed at 12% of body weight for 6 wk and a starter ration was fed free choice for the last 3 wk of the trial. Growth rate was 0.58, 0.32, 0.30, and 0.25 kg/day for whole milk and milk replacers B, C, and D, respectively, while the respective intake of calf starter was 0.23, 0.36, 0.34, and 0.38 kg/day of dry matter per calf per day. Feed conversions during the last 3 wk of the experiment were 1.15, 1.66, 1.45, and 1.65 kg of dry matter per kg of gain for whole milk and replacers B, C, and D, respectively. Blood hematocrit was higher for calves fed milk replacer B than for the other three treatments. Blood glucose levels were 123, 96, 107 and 101 mg percent for whole milk and milk replacers B, C, and D, respectively. The relationships between plasma glucose and blood urea nitrogen with growth rate and intake of calf starter were evaluated.

EFFECTS OF INCREASING THE ENERGY VALUE OF A WHOLE MILK DIET FOR CALVES. I. NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY AND NITROGEN RETENTION

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. LODGE ◽  
E. E. LISTER
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Severe Diarrhea ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein ◽  
Holstein Calves

In each of four metabolism trials using male Holstein calves, the biological value (BV) of whole milk protein was improved by increasing the energy:protein ratio through addition of glucose or butterfat. Cow’s milk, which provided 21.7–23.8 kcal digestible energy (DE)/g digestible crude protein (DCP) had a BV of 73–78, whereas supplementation with glucose to provide 28 kcal DE/g DCP increased the BV to 84–86. Higher levels of glucose providing 31–32 kcal DE/g DCP tended to further elevate the BV to 87–89 but some diarrhea occurred in younger calves. Attempts to provide larger quantities of energy by increasing the amount of glucose resulted in severe diarrhea and the consistent detection of glucose in the feces. Except where the diarrhea was severe, digestibilities of dry matter and gross energy were not affected by increasing quantities of glucose in the diet. Protein digestibility, however, was depressed in each metabolism trial when higher levels (8–10% glucose monohydrate) were added to whole milk.

scholarly journals Performance of Holstein calves fed whole milk with or without kefir

2016 ◽  
Vol 99 (10) ◽  
pp. 8081-8089 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Fouladgar ◽  
A.D.Foroozandeh Shahraki ◽  
G.R. Ghalamkari ◽  
M. Khani ◽  
F. Ahmadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Milk ◽  
Holstein Calves

scholarly journals Feeding a calf starter containing monensin alone or in combination with an oregano, and cobalt blend to Holstein calves

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianping Wu ◽  
Jinsheng Guo ◽  
Ting Liu ◽  
Hao Chen ◽  
Yan Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Calf Growth ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Gut health is critically important for growing neonatal calves, and nutritional technologies are needed to prevent disease and stress challenges. Previous work feeding monensin (MON) in combination with an oregano, prebiotic, and cobalt-lactate (EOC) blend had demonstrated improved calf gut health and growth performance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth performance of calves fed MON and EOC alone or in combination. Eighty (80) newborn Holstein (37) female and (43) male calves were randomly assigned to one of four treatments arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial (MON and EOC). Treatments were: 1) Control: without MON or EOC added to the calf starter (CS); 2) MON: 50.8 mg/kg CS (Elanco, Greenfield, IN); 3) EOC: 44.1 mg/kg CS (Rum-A-Fresh, Ralco Inc. Marshall, MN); 4) MON + EOC: MON and EOC added to CS. Calves were fed colostrum followed by whole milk through weaning at 42 d, while CS was fed ad libitum through the 70-d experimental period. The MON by EOC interaction was found to be nonsignificant (P &gt; 0.41) for growth performance. Calves fed without or with MON demonstrated similar (P &gt; 0.70) body weight (BW; 68.7 and 68.9 kg without and with MON, respectively), while calves fed EOC demonstrated greater (P &lt; 0.01) BW (67.3 and 70.4 kg without and with EOC, respectively) compared with calves fed without EOC. Calves fed a CS containing MON were similar (P &gt; 0.47) in average daily gain (ADG; 0.88 and 0.91 kg/d) compared with calves fed without MON; however, feeding calves a CS with EOC increased (P &lt; 0.01) ADG (0.84 and 0.95 kg/d) by 13% through the 70-d experimental period compared with calves not fed EOC. Frame measurements indicated that the greater ADG was due to increased (P &lt; 0.10) frame growth for calves fed essential oils (EO) compared with calves fed without EO. A MON by EOC interaction (P &lt; 0.01) for serum propionate concentration demonstrated calves fed MON + EOC and EOC were greater (P &lt; 0.05) compared with calves fed Control, while calves fed MON were intermediate and different (P &lt; 0.05). Feeding calves a CS with EOC increased (P &lt; 0.04) immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin G, and immunoglobulin M concentrations compared with calves fed without EOC. A MON by EOC interaction was detected (P &lt; 0.01) for total tract starch digestibility for calves fed EOC or MON + EOC demonstrating greater (P &lt; 0.05) starch digestibilities than Control-fed calves. These data demonstrate that EOC and MON fed in combination was not beneficial for enhancing the growth performance, but that calf growth performance can be improved with EOC compared with MON.

scholarly journals 203 Feeding a calf starter containing monensin alone or in combination with a blend of essential oils and a proprietary cobalt source to Holstein calves

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 148-149
Author(s):  
Jianping Wu ◽  
Jinsheng Guo ◽  
Ting Liu ◽  
Hao Chen ◽  
Yan Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Calf Growth ◽  
Stress Prevention ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Neonatal Calves ◽  
Ad Libitum

Abstract Gut health is critical for neonatal calves, and nutritional technologies are needed for disease and stress prevention. Previous work feeding Monensin (MON) in combination with a blend of essential oils and a proprietary cobalt source (EOC) blend had demonstrated improved calf gut health and growth performance. The objective was to evaluate MON and EOC alone or in combination on calf growth performance. Eighty (80) new born Holstein calves were randomly assigned to one of four treatments arranged in a 2 x 2 factorial (MON and EOC). Treatments were: 1) Control without MON or EOC added to the calf starter (CS); 2) MON: 50.8 mg/kg CS (Norvikon Biotechnology Co., Hunan, China); 3) EOC: 44.1 mg/kg CS (Rum-A-Fresh, Ralco Inc. Marshall, MN); 4) MON+EOC: MON and EOC added to CS. Calves were fed colostrum followed by whole milk through weaning at 42 d, while CS was fed ad libitum through the 70-d experimental period. The MON by EOC interaction was found to be nonsignificant (P &gt; 0.41) for growth performance. Calves fed without or with MON demonstrated similar (P &gt; 0.70) body weight (BW; 68.7 and 68.9 kg without and with MON, respectively), while calves fed EOC demonstrated greater (P &lt; 0.01) BW (67.3 and 70.4 kg without and with EOC, respectively) compared with calves fed without EOC. Calves fed a CS containing MON were similar (P &gt; 0.47) in ADG (0.88 and 0.91 kg/d) compared with calves fed without MON; however, calves fed a CS with EOC increased (P &lt; 0.01) ADG (0.84 and 0.95 kg/d) 13% through the 70 d experimental period compared with calves not fed EOC. These data demonstrate that EOC and MON fed in combination was not beneficial for enhancing growth performance, but that calf growth performance can be improved with EOC compared to MON.

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