scholarly journals A Logistic Regression model of Road Traffic Fatalities in Benue State: Implication to Public Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3a) ◽  
pp. 46-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
BB Apeagee ◽  
SA Haaor
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Traffic Fatalities ◽  
Fatal Accident ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Status ◽  
Causes Of Deaths ◽  
The Impact

Road accident fatalities remain one of the major causes of deaths in Nigeria. These accidents sometimes appear to occur at some flashpoints where there are sharp bends or curves, Potholes due to bad roads, and bad sections of the highways. The study aimed to model road traffic fatalities in Benue State with implications for public health. The data used for the study was sourced from the department of the rescue unit, Federal Road Safety Corps, Benue State Command from July 2011-December 2019. To better comprehend the impact of sex on successfully having a non-fatal accident, we employed a logistic regression analysis. The results indicated that for the 3,545 RTAs used in the model, the model correctly predicted whether or not someone will have a fatal accident 81.7% of the time. The results further showed that females have .970 times the odds of not having a fatal accident compared to males with statistically significant value (P =.015, 95% C.I .652, .956). The results also stated that males demonstrated a greater likelihood to be involved in a fatal accident than the female with statistically significant difference (P =.015, 95% C.I .652, .956). The study, therefore concluded that sex or gender is an influential predictor and as such, has a significant effect on the status of an accident. The implication of the results to public health is that people are likely to spend more money on hospital bills with an increased number of disabilities caused as a result of these accidents which may result to a reduction in physical activity in the next decade if the rate of accidents is not controlled.

scholarly journals The Impact of Online Media on Parents’ Attitudes toward Vaccination of Children—Social Marketing and Public Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (16) ◽  
pp. 5816
Author(s):  
Boban Melovic ◽  
Andjela Jaksic Stojanovic ◽  
Tamara Backovic Vulic ◽  
Branislav Dudic ◽  
Eleonora Benova
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Social Marketing ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Online Communication ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Online Media ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this paper was to investigate the level of influence of online media on the parents’ attitudes toward vaccination of children in three countries of the Western Balkans—Montenegro, Serbia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina, in order to use the potentials of this form of communication effectively and efficiently. Online media are a critical factor of influence on the formation of attitudes in many areas of modern society, which is why their proper use plays an important role in strengthening vaccine confidence and which may further contribute to improvement of public health. On the other side, having in mind the fact that communication is an integral part of marketing, it is clear that social marketing has an extremely important role regarding the analyzed topic, especially because of the fact that social marketing activities tend to change or maintain people’s behavior for the benefit of individuals and society as a whole. For the purpose of this research, a conceptual model was developed. Quantitative research was conducted online in the first quarter of 2020 using the survey method. Statistical analysis was applied to data collected from 1593 parents in the analyzed countries. The relevance of the hypotheses was tested using standard statistical tests, ANOVA test, eta coefficient, and logistic regression. The research showed that all analyzed variables from the model have a significant impact on the parents’ attitudes toward the vaccination of children and that they correlate with the degree of trust in vaccines. The results also approved that online media have a significant influence on the formation of parents’ attitudes toward the vaccination of children (obtained values of eta coefficient η2 = 0.216, η2 = 0.18, η2 = 0.167, η2 = 0.090, reliability Cronbach’s Alpha 0.892), which confirms the importance of the use of social marketing in order to direct communication properly and to strengthen the level of trust in vaccines. Additionally, the results of logistic regression showed that the following groups of parents are particularly vulnerable to the influence of online media on attitudes toward vaccines: women, parents of younger age (“millennials”), and parents who are in common law marriage, as well as parents who have more children. In addition, the results showed that there is no statistically significant difference in the attitudes of parents in the observed countries (η2 = 0.000, F = 0.85). Based on the results of the research, the authors suggest that decision makers should pay more attention to modern forms of online communication and social marketing in order to use their potential for improvement of public health, as well as avoid the harmful impact that certain forms of communication may have on the formation of attitudes and loss of confidence in vaccines. The findings provide an important contribution for public health policy makers to identify and understand properly the impact of online media and social marketing and thus to better adapt their initiatives to changes in modern society.

scholarly journals The second pregnancy has no effect in the incidence of macrosomia: a cross-sectional survey in two western Chinese regions

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Luo ◽  
Huan Zeng ◽  
Mao Zeng ◽  
Xueqing Liu ◽  
Xianglong Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Western China ◽  
Fetal Macrosomia ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Second Child ◽  
Child Policy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background After the implementation of the universal two-child policy in China, the increase in parity has led to an increase in adverse pregnancy outcomes. The impact of one and two fetuses on the incidence of fetal macrosomia has not been fully confirmed in China. This study aimed to explore the differences in the incidence of fetal macrosomia in first and second pregnancies in Western China after the implementation of the universal two-child policy. Methods A total of 1598 pregnant women from three hospitals were investigated by means of a cross-sectional study from August 2017 to January 2018. Participants were recruited by convenience and divided into first and second pregnancy groups. These groups included 1094 primiparas and 504 women giving birth to their second child. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to discuss the differences in the incidence of fetal macrosomia in first and second pregnancies. Results No significant difference was found in the incidence of macrosomia in the first pregnancy group (7.2%) and the second pregnancy group (7.1%). In the second-time pregnant mothers, no significant association was found between the macrosomia of the second child (5.5%) and that of the first child (4.7%). The multivariate logistic regression model showed that mothers older than 30 years are not likely to give birth to children with macrosomia (odds ratio (OR) 0.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.4,0.9). Conclusions The incidence of macrosomia in Western China is might not be affected by the birth of the second child and is not increased by low parity.

scholarly journals The impact of traffic law enforcement on road accident fatalities in Botswana

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thuso Mphela
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Driver Behaviour ◽  
Traffic Law ◽  
Traffic Law Enforcement ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Impact

Botswana has one of the highest rates of increase in road traffic accidents and fatalities in the world. The amendment of road laws came with stricter penalties for road offences which included higher fines and longer jail terms. This study uses multiple regression analysis subjecting variables to backward stepwise regression with a view to assessing the impact traffic law enforcement has had on fatalities in Botswana after the review of the Traffic Act of Botswana in 2008. The study uses secondary data and interview data obtained from law enforcers. The findings reveal that the enforcement of the new road laws has achieved little in the reduction of fatalities. Increasing the minimum driver licensing age may be a panacea to road accidents. Licensed drivers in the age group 30 to 45 years have the lowest rate of fatalities. The study questions the ability of punitive policies (i.e. road fines) to reduce fatalities. It offers that driver behaviour should be studied to come up with relevant policies.

scholarly journals TRAFFIC-RELATED MORTALITY IN MOLDOVA

2020 ◽  
pp. 140-147
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Related Mortality

This article analyses the mortality caused by road accidents in Moldova depending on the degree of involvement of pedestrians, cyclists, motorcyclists, drivers and passengers of transport units, depending on age and sex. Results suggest that traffic-related mortality in Moldova has shown an increased incidence among the young and working-age population, where a significant difference between males and females is observed. Among the youth, traffic-related deaths register between 10-27% of the overall mortality in both sexes. The risk exposure of dying in a traffic accident decreases with age and is less significant in the retired ages. During the years 1998-2015, avoidance of trafficrelated deaths would have assured an increase in life expectancy between 0.40-0.56 years in males, and 0.09-0.23 years in females. The continuous increase in the number of transport units on public roads, as well as in the number of hours spent in traffic, influences the degree of exposure to the risk of death or injury as a result of road traffic accidents. Trauma resulting from road accidents increases the incidence of premature mortality and disability among the population, which is reflected by the decrease of healthy life expectancy. It is ascertained that the road accident mortality requires a detailed and comprehensive analysis given the multitude of factors influencing deaths and injuries related to a traffic accident among the population. Thus, in order to improve road safety and reduce mortality incidence among traffic participants, a range of actions has to be implemented by the liable actors, including through the international experience.

scholarly journals A Novel Approach in Evaluating the Impact of Vehicle Age on Road Safety

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 789-796
Author(s):  
Árpád Török
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Road Segment ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the correlation between road accident casualties and the age of the vehicle, assuming that the age of vehicles and the improvements in their safety designs are related. The study evaluates the impact of the interrelationship between road segment characteristics and road accident type on vehicle age at the time of the accident (AVC). To analyse the nested relationship between these variables, a multinomial logistic regression (MML) model has been developed. The result of the analysis also duly finds that vehicle age has an emphatic role in the occurrence of accidents.

scholarly journals The Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Europe: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Marcella Vaselli ◽  
Daniel Hungerford ◽  
Ben Shenton ◽  
Arwa Khashkhusha ◽  
Nigel A. Cunliffe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Community Studies ◽  
Past Infection ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundA year following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, new infections and deaths continue to increase in Europe. Serological studies, through providing evidence of past infection, can aid understanding of the population dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infection.ObjectivesThis systematic review of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence studies in Europe was undertaken to inform public health strategies including vaccination, that aim to accelerate population immunity.MethodsWe searched the databases Web of Science, MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and grey literature sources for studies reporting seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in Europe published between 01/12/2019 - 30/09/20. We provide a narrative synthesis of included studies. Studies were categorized into subgroups including healthcare workers (HCWs), community, outbreaks, pregnancy and children/school. Due to heterogeneity in other subgroups, we only performed a random effects meta-analysis of the seroprevalence amongst HCWs stratified by their country.Results109 studies were included spanning 17 European countries, that estimated the seroprevalence of SAR-CoV2 from samples obtained between November 2019 – August 2020. A total of 53/109 studies included HCWs with a reported seroprevalence among HCWs ranging from 0.7% to 45.3%, which did not differ significantly by country. In community studies significant heterogeneity was reported in the seroprevalence among different age groups and the majority of studies reported there was no significant difference by gender.ConclusionThis review demonstrates a wide heterogeneity in reported seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies between populations. Continued evaluation of seroprevalence is required to understand the impact of public health measures and inform interventions including vaccination programmes.

scholarly journals Kajian Tingkat Pencemaran Minyak Bumi Akibat Pengeboran Ilegal Berdasarkan Pemetaan Sungai Sumur Dan Fisika-Kimia Air Studi Kasus : Kecamatan Keluang Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin Sumatera Selatan

PROMINE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
Harnani .
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Oil Drilling ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Information Research ◽  
The Status ◽  
Chemical Content ◽  
The Government ◽  
Physical Changes ◽  
The Impact

Water pollution is a thing that can affect the environment, especially on health and hygiene environment around. Sub Keluang Regency Musi Betung South Sumatra known to have oil drilling wells of the Earth where illegal do not fit a common standardization is done, so worried about polluted areas the surroundings. This research aims to study and know the impact of environmental pollution due to the illegal drilling by local people, as well as provide information research results to the Government and the police to cooperate in enforcing laws that have set. To find out which level contamination using a research method that is mapping rivers and wells include deskipsi the physical characteristics, such as water color, flavor, odor, retrieval example of a sample for the analysis of physical-chemical content of the water, and the projection of the level of public health. The result of the physical identification of the water as much as 8 samples were declared contaminated. Sampling see the provisions on physical changes on either the river or the well, the results of the analysis of physical-chemical water, found many chemical compounds which exceed standard pH obtained ranged from 6.25- 8.16 and types of groundwater salt (31-464 mg/L TDS), increase the value of pH and TDS is assumed to be due to saltwater waste results from drilling for petroleum is illegal, and the presence of chemical compounds, either the main or excessive accessories in water then it can affect health, which that is evidenced by the results of the projection of the level of public health from the years 2016 to now that continues to decline. referring to the decision of the Minister of State for the environment number: 115 the year 2003 on guidelines for the determination of the Status of Water quality by the State Minister for the environment using STORET method with a score of 16 (polluted medium).

Neoadjuvant therapy for localized gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs): A propensity score weighted analysis.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e23516-e23516
Author(s):  
Kathryn E. Marqueen ◽  
Erin Moshier ◽  
Michael Buckstein ◽  
Celina Ang
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Survival Benefit ◽  
Postoperative Mortality ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
R0 Resection ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

e23516 Background: Retrospective and single-arm prospective studies have reported clinical benefit associated with receipt of neoadjuvant imatinib for GISTs. In the absence of randomized phase III data, the impact of neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NAT) on survival, in comparison to upfront resection, remains unknown. Methods: We identified N = 14,402 patients with complete clinical, demographic, treatment and pathologic data within the National Cancer Database (2004-2016) who underwent resection of localized GIST of the stomach, esophagus, small bowel, and colorectum, with or without ≥3 months of NAT. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was used to adjust for covariable imbalance among treatment groups, with the propensity score estimated by logistic regression. The effect of NAT on overall survival was estimated with a weighted time-dependent Cox proportional hazards model. A weighted logistic regression was used to estimate the effect of NAT on 90-day postoperative mortality and R0 resection. Results: 759 (5.3%) patients received NAT followed by resection, compared to 13,643 (94.7%) who underwent upfront resection. Median length of NAT was 6.3 months. 53% of NAT patients were male vs. 49% of UR patients, 68% vs. 66% had primary gastric GIST, and 73% vs 49% were high risk. Patients receiving NAT had larger tumors (p < 0.001) and higher mitotic index (p = 0.003). There was a significant survival benefit associated with receipt of NAT (table). 90-day postoperative mortality rate was 3/759 (0.4%) among NAT patients vs. 307/13,643 (2.3%) UR patients. Receipt of NAT was significantly associated with lower odds of 90-day postoperative mortality (table). Of the 13,562 patients with information on margin status, the R0 resection rate was 635/716 (88.7%) for the neoadjuvant group vs. 11,823/12,846 (92%), with no significant difference between treatment groups (table). Conclusions: After adjustment for imbalance in prognostic and demographic factors, this analysis demonstrates that receipt of NAT for localized GIST is associated with a modest overall survival benefit. Although NAT patients had higher risk features, NAT was associated with a lower risk of 90-day postoperative mortality, with no difference in likelihood of achieving an R0 resection. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals A Population Approach to Transportation Planning: Reducing Exposure to Motor-Vehicles

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Fuller ◽  
Patrick Morency
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Transportation Planning ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Traffic Fatalities ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Fundamental Causes ◽  
Moving Vehicles ◽  
Fundamental Cause ◽  
Transportation Research

Transportation planning and public health have important historical roots. To address common challenges, including road traffic fatalities, integration of theories and methods from both disciplines is required. This paper presents an overview of Geoffrey Rose's strategy of preventive medicine applied to road traffic fatalities. One of the basic principles of Rose's strategy is that a large number of people exposed to a small risk can generate more cases than a small number exposed to a high risk. Thus, interventions should address the large number of people exposed to the fundamental causes of diseases. Exposure to moving vehicles could be considered a fundamental cause of road traffic deaths and injuries. A global reduction in the amount of kilometers driven would result in a reduction of the likelihood of collisions for all road users. Public health and transportation research must critically appraise their practice and engage in informed dialogue with the objective of improving mobility and productivity while simultaneously reducing the public health burden of road deaths and injuries.

scholarly journals Analysis of Factors Influencing the Density of Fatalities on National Roads in Poland

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-234
Author(s):  
Wojciech Kustra ◽  
Kazimierz Jamroz
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
Eu Directive ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Safety Improvement ◽  
Improvement Measures ◽  
The Impact

Analysis of Factors Influencing the Density of Fatalities on National Roads in PolandIn Poland 20% of the total number of accidents occur on the national roads, which constitute 7% of the length of all roads. In the case of fatalities this share is significantly higher as it constitutes up to 36% of the total casualties. In accordance with the EU Directive (Journal of Laws EU L. 319/59) the level of road traffic safety should be raised by targeting investment on the most dangerous road sections. Finding the dependence between road and traffic factors and the number of accidents and casualties of road accidents may be helpful in predicting safety levels and selecting road traffic safety improvement measures. The paper presents the experience of other countries and preliminary tests results of the impact of the selected factors on the density and the number of road accident fatalities on the national roads in Poland.

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