scholarly journals Economic efficiency of investments in the tourism industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
pp. 187-193
Author(s):  
L. M. Shayakhmetova
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Tourist Infrastructure ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Effective Development ◽  
Active Implementation ◽  
Investment Process ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Second World

The article examines the mechanisms of attracting investment for the effective development of the tourism industry in the Republic of Kazakhstan and the issues of consolidation of investments in the industry, determines the prospects for development by analyzing the current situation. The efficiency indicators of the investment process in the tourism industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan were studied, and the consequences of the COVID–19 pandemic were considered. Taking into account the latest trends in the economy and society, the conditions necessary for the recovery of the industry were evaluated. The coronavirus pandemic in early 2020 has had a major impact on the state and further development of all sectors of the world economy, including the tourism industry. Such a serious crisis in the tourism industry has not been observed since the second world war. However, not every crisis can only lead to negative consequences. The analysis showed the underdevelopment of the tourist infrastructure, the unwillingness of the tourism business to invest in its development, which requires more global investment volumes. The article examines modern realities and innovative challenges of this test, which is important for the entire tourism industry, such as accelerating the digitalization of tourist services, more active implementation of modern technologies, as well as updating the ecological aspect of tourism, expanding the geography of tourist routes throughout the country, etc. The conclusions and suggestions made based on the results of the study can be used in making investment decisions, used as educational and methodological materials in the study of investment processes in tourism.

scholarly journals Conducting tourist and recreational expertise for the sustainable development of tourism in the Razdolnensky district of the Republic of Crimea

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-84
Author(s):  
Alexandra Nikanorova ◽  
Irina Tikunova ◽  
Natalia Shabalina
Keyword(s):  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Current State ◽  
Tourist Infrastructure ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Effective Development ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Recreation And Tourism

The effective development of the territorial tourist and recreational complex deals with the conduct of tourist and recreational expertise, during which it is possible to assess the tourist and recreational potential of the territory, its current use, directions for further development of tourism and the risks associated with it. It the summer of 2020, the territorial tourism and recreational expertise was carried out in the Razdolnensky district of the Republic of Crimea, including sociological surveys and in-depth interviews with 25 representatives of the tourism business. As a result of the study, a portrait of a tourist was formed, the current state of the tourist infrastructure was analyzed, organizational and managerial risks and risks (natural and anthropogenic) affecting the effective use of the tourist and recreational potential of the territory were identified. Today pos. Steregushee and pos. Aurora are the centers of amateur family budget tourists with children who come in most cases on their cars who prefer unassuming holidays in the summer. According to experts, today there is no possibility for changing the model of tourist services in connection with the presence of problems of infrastructure and environmental nature. Infrastructure problems are reduced to small areas of equipped beaches. Environmental problems are associated with abrasion-accumulative processes (erosion of the coastline), tampering the territory by algae and the seaside grass of the semi-family (Zosteraceae). In the case of contamination of the beach of the seaside grass, the beach capacity is reduced by 2 times, and the load exceeds the maximum permissible. The elimination of the problems and change of the tourist and recreational model of development implies the development of a program for the development of the territory of the Razzonsky district, is required for an organized and controlled recreation and tourism, which will give income and taxes to the budget. According the results of the tourist and recreational expertise, relevant recommendations were given and the prospects for the development of rural and gastronomic tourism, sports views (kitesurfing), autotourism, as well as the development of general and specialized infrastructure, including glumpings are given.

scholarly journals THE PRIVILEGES OF POLISH KING STEPHEN BATHORY FOR LOYEW 1576 AND 1582 YEARS

2018 ◽  
pp. 159-173
Author(s):  
Natalia Bilous
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The State ◽  
World War ◽  
The Republic ◽  
State Archives ◽  
The City ◽  
Further Development ◽  
The Town ◽  
Second World

The article deals with two privileges of the Polish king Stefan Batory for the Polissya town of Loyew (now the district centre of the Gomel region, the Republic of Belarus). In the 16th century, it was a part of the Liubech starostvo of the Kyiv voivodship. The town is known first of all due to military battles that took place in the neighbourhood. One occurred on July 31, 1649, and the other - during the Second World War, while the pages of its history during the Lithuanian-Polish era, such as the granting of self-government under the Magdeburg law, are still little known.Stefan Batory privileges for Loyew can be considered exciting and rare archival finds, and they have not yet been published and introduced into scientific circulation. The first - the Magdeburg Law was granted on August 3, 1576, the second - on the Loyew Vogtship for Fedora Volka appeared as an addition to the first one in six years (November 25, 1582). Unlike most of the privileges of the time, inscribed in the books of the royal the chancellery, these two were not written in Latin or Polish, but in Cyrillic. The documents originate from the Archives of the Sangushki princes, which are now stored in the State Archives of Poland in Krakow (Wawel department).The initiator and recipient of the Magdeburg privileges for Loyew were Pavlo Ivanovych Sapiega, Lubeckij and Loyewsky Starosta from 1560, and the Kyiv Castellan from 1566. He, at his own expense, built the city and the castle Loyew Mountain, that was lying on the Tartar road and defending the Lithuanian border from the Chernihiv side (which at that time belonged to the Moscow state), and was also protecting the state from the Tatar attacks. The privilege of the Loyew Vogts was granted in 1582 to Fedor Volk as the reward for his military service and participation in hostilities.These documents are exceptional since during the reign of Stefan Batory (1576-1586) only a few cities in this region received similar privileges. The significance of royal privileges for Loyew was enormous – it was a necessary legal basis and a significant impetus for its further development. Residents of Loyew received self-government on the principles of Magdeburg Law and many economic privileges and liberties, which favourably distinguished them among other cities in the region.

Development of Interethnic Relations in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the First Decades after the Second World War

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
Elena Yu. Guskova
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The State ◽  
World War ◽  
Interethnic Relations ◽  
The Republic ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
First Time ◽  
Second World

The article is devoted to the analysis of interethnic relations in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) in the 1940s and 1960s. The article is based on materials from the archives of BiH, Croatia, Slovenia, Yugoslavia. The documents show the state of affairs in the Republic – both in the economy and in ideology. In one or another way, all of them reflect the level of tension in the interethnic relations. For the first time, the article presents the discussion on interethnic relations, on the new phenomenon in multinational Yugoslavia – the emergence of a new people in BiH under the name of “Muslim”. The term “Muslims” is used to define the ethnic identity of Bosniaks in the territory of BiH starting from the 1961 census.

Jan Hardy versus Likwidator. Comics als Medien der gesellschaftlichen Spaltung Polens

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-62
Author(s):  
Agnieska Balcerzak
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Culture War ◽  
Current State ◽  
Memory Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Projection Surface ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Political Spectrum ◽  
The One ◽  
Second World

This article at the intersection of cultural studies of popular and memory culture deals with the genre of comics as an identity-forming (protest) medium and projection surface for the ideologised “culture war” between traditionalists and modernists in contemporary Poland. The analysis focuses on two historical comics that combine facts and imaginary and refer back to the Second World War, the communist period and the recent history of the Republic of Poland after 1989. The article juxtaposes two title heroes and their comic worlds, which represent opposite ends of the political spectrum and reveal the problem areas of Poland’s dividedness along the underlying canon of values and symbolic worlds: Jan Hardy, the national-conservative “cursed soldier”, and Likwidator, the relentless “anarcho-terrorist”. The characters and their adventures exemplify fundamental memory cultural, religious, nationalist and emancipatory discourses in Poland today. The focus of the analysis lies on the creation context and the (visual) language with its narrative-aesthetic intensifications, which illuminate Poland’s current state of conflict between national egoism and traditional “cultural patriotism” on the one hand and liberal value relativism with its progressive-emancipatory rhetoric on the other.

scholarly journals THE MAIN TASK IS THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC MECHANISM FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIAN ENTERPRISES

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. Kleiner ◽  
N. L. Pirogov
Keyword(s):  
Limited Liability ◽  
Enterprise Management ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Economic Mechanism ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Provision Of Services ◽  
Management And Development ◽  
Effective Development ◽  
Active Implementation

Purpose:the purpose of this article is to justify the choice of the strategic direction of effective development of the national economy of Russia. The authors see the solution of this problem on the way of improving the organizational and economic mechanism of the functioning of Russian enterprises. This problem is considered to be one of the main authors in the consolidation of society and its mobilization for the implementation of the tasks set in the may Decree of the President of the Russian Federation (№ 204 from 2018).Methods:the study was conducted using the methods of systematic, logical, comparative analysis, involving Russian and foreign experience in solving social and economic problems. Particular attention was paid to the validity of the conclusions.Results:national economic problems are touched upon through the prism of the economy of enterprises. An attempt has been made to prove the dependence of the acceleration of the rates of economic development on the improvement of the enterprise's internal economic mechanism. In the postindustrial society, the role of enterprises as the main link in the production of material goods and the provision of services is not diminished, despite the accelerated introduction of scientific and technological progress and the increase in the value of personal property. The improvement of the internal structure of enterprises proposed in the article can significantly reduce the negative consequences of the privatization of state property. According to the authors, this will improve the efficiency of the use of human capital in terms of all its components: ordinary workers, managers, specialists, owners.Conclusions and Relevance:currently, there is a situation in which the owners of enterprises (mainly large ones) have practically unlimited rights and very limited liability for the results of the work of their enterprises. This situation hinders the development of the productive forces of society. The proposed concept of an "effective enterprise" means solidary management of enterprises (ultimately solidary management of the economy). It provides for a system of measures to remedy the situation. The first steps in this direction are the following: 1) the creation of a balanced system of enterprise management; 2) democratization of management and development of the institution of collective (people's) enterprises; 3) the movement in the direction of restraint unrestrained competition and finding ways of cooperation not only within enterprises but also in the relations between all participants of the process of production and realization of products, as well as authorities at all levels; 4) streamlining the processes for the establishment and liquidation of enterprises; 5) the active implementation of multilevel and multidimensional strategic planning. It is not possible to implement these measures in a short time. But the movement along this path creates systemic conditions for accelerating economic growth.

scholarly journals The War of Khalkhin Gol in 1939 and the German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Sukhodolov ◽  
Tuvd Dorj ◽  
Yuriy Kuzmin ◽  
Mikhail Rachkov
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
World War ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Second World

For the first time in Russian historiography, the article draws attention to the connection of the War of Khalkhin Gol in 1939 and the conclusion of the German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact of 1939. For a long time, historical science considered these two major events in the history of the USSR and history of the world individually, without their historic relationship. The authors made an attempt to provide evidence of this relationship, showing the role that surrounding and defeating the Japanese army at Khalkhin Gol in August 1939 and signing in Moscow of the German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact played in the history of the world. The study analyzes the foreign policy of the USSR in Europe, the reasons for the failure in the conclusion of the Anglo-Franco-Soviet military union in 1939 and the circumstances of the Pact. It shows the interrelation between the defeat of the Japanese troops at Khalkhin Gol and the need for the Soviet-German treaty. The authors describe the historic consequences of the conclusion of the pact for the further development of the Japanese-German relations and the course of the Second World War. They also present the characteristics of the views of these historical events in the Russian historiography.

scholarly journals Graduates and students of the Riga Polytechnicum / Riga Polytechnic Institute ‒ participants of the Proclamation of independent Republic of Latvia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 12-23
Author(s):  
Alīda Zigmunde ◽  
Alvars Baldiņš
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Polytechnic Institute ◽  
World War ◽  
Independent State ◽  
Native Land ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Second World

In 2018, Latvia celebrates a hundred years since it became an independent state. One hundred years ago, on 18 November 1918, 38 members of the People’s Council of Latvia (further in the text ‒ the People’s Council) took part in the proclamation of Latvia. None of them experienced the restoration of the Republic of Latvia, and most of them died before the end of the Second World War. There were seven graduates of the Riga Polytechnicum (RP) / Riga Polytechnic Institute (RPI) and one student who did not receive a diploma from the institute among the participants in the founding act of the Republic of Latvia. Of the seven graduates four suffered repressions in 1941 and were taken to Siberia, two after the Second World War went into exile, one died in 1924. Some of the participants of the Proclamation of the Republic of Latvia have left written testimonies about the beginnings of the state’s foundation. All members of the People’s Council were reputable Latvian citizens, some of them were awarded the Order of Three Stars for meritorious service to native land.

Conclusion

War Tourism ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 213-226
Author(s):  
Bertram M. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Second World

The study of memory tourism to war sites should not exclude the study of tourism during wartime. Both are components of war tourism, imparting meaning to war for both victors and vanquished. Both reflect their eras, whether through the gazes of the curious individual or the political and economic configurations sustaining the tourism industry. Germans who described a newfound appreciation of their homeland after touring occupied France show how tourism worked in two directions, impacting not only on the sites visited but also the self-image of the visitor. Local governments in France now reach a larger tourism public with new technology. A powerful hold of Second World War imagery in France continues to face ethical issues of sustainability and trivialization.

scholarly journals A Spanish Genocide? Reflections on the Francoist Repression after the Spanish Civil War

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
JULIUS RUIZ
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Franco Regime ◽  
Military Justice ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Relative Decline ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World

This article considers whether the Franco regime pursued a genocidal policy against Republicans after the formal ending of hostilities on 1 April 1939. In post-war Spain, the primary mechanism for punishing Republicans was military tribunals. Francoist military justice was based on the assumption that responsibility for the civil war lay with the Republic: defendants were tried for the crime of ‘military rebellion’. This was, as Ramón Serrano Suñer admitted his memoirs, ‘turning justice on its head’. But although it was extremely harsh, post-war military justice was never exterminatory. The article stresses that the institutionalisation of military justice from 1937, following the arbitrary murders of 1936, contributed to a relative decline in executions. Although the regime's determination to punish Republicans for ‘military rebellion’ inevitably led to the initiation of tens of thousands of post-war military investigations, only a minority of cases ended in execution. This was especially the case from January 1940, when the higher military authorities ended the autonomy of military tribunals over sentencing. This reassertion of central control in January 1940 was part of a wider policy to ease the self-inflicted problem of prison overcrowding; successive parole decrees led to a substantial and permanent decrease in the number of inmates by 1945. Allied victory in the Second World War did not mark the beginning but the end of the process of bringing to a close mass military justice.

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