scholarly journals Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Practices in the Philippines: Meeting National and Global Targets at the Local Level

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Victorio Molina ◽  
Olivia Sison ◽  
John Robert Medina ◽  
Cyrille Nahla Ayes ◽  
Joseph Aaron Joe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
Water Source ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Global Water

As national and global water, sanitation, and hygiene targets have been set and programs have been implemented, the study aimed to assess the attainment of these targets at the local level in selected areas in Davao region, the Philippines. Randomly selected households were assessed for water, sanitation, and hygiene indicators using a modified tool that combined national guidelines and global recommendations. Validated access to improved water source for drinking was below the targets in most barangays, while validated sanitary toilet coverages in all barangays did not meet the targets. Significant difference was observed between validated and reported access to improved water and sanitation services in some barangays. Approximately 87.5% of households had a handwashing facility, but only 51.2% of which had both water and soap available. Achieving the targets is challenged by the gap in monitoring due to a decentralized health system in the Philippines. There is a need to standardize indicators and optimize the tool to allow a comprehensive assessment of water, sanitation, and hygiene practices. This will help generate local data that are in line with national guidelines and global recommendations to enhance policy and to determine priority areas for improved water, sanitation, and hygiene service delivery.

scholarly journals Sustained use of a household-scale water filtration device in rural Cambodia

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 404-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe Brown ◽  
S. Proum ◽  
M. D. Sobsey
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Ceramic Water Filters ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Water Filters ◽  
Over Time

The effectiveness of point-of-use water treatment may be limited by declining use over time, particularly when water treatment is introduced via targeted intervention programmes. In order to evaluate the long-term uptake and use of locally produced ceramic water filters in rural Cambodia, we visited households that had received filters as part of NGO-subsidized distribution programmes over a 4 year period from 2002 to 2006. Of the more than 2,000 filters distributed, we visited 506 randomly selected households in 13 villages spanning three provinces to assess filter time in use and to collect data on factors potentially correlated with long-term use. Results indicate that filter use declined at the rate of approximately 2% per month after implementation, largely owing to breakages, and that, controlling for time since implementation, continued filter use over time was most closely positively associated with: related water, sanitation and hygiene practices in the home; cash investment in the technology by the household; and use of surface water as a primary drinking water source.

scholarly journals Galvanising and fostering sub-national government leadership for area-wide sanitation programming

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mimi Coultas ◽  
Mable Mideva Chanza ◽  
Ruhil Iyer ◽  
Lambert Karangwa ◽  
Jimmy Eric Kariuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Government ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
Development Partner ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Government Leadership ◽  
Subsequent Discussion ◽  
Practical Recommendations

Abstract Government leadership at both the national and sub-national levels is an essential step towards ensuring safely managed sanitation services for all. Though the importance of sub-national government leadership for water, sanitation and hygiene is widely acknowledged, to date much of the focus has been on the delivery of water services. This article sets out to start to address this imbalance by focusing on practical ways to galvanise and foster sub-national government leadership for sanitation programming. By focusing on the experiences across three sub-national areas in East Africa where positive changes in the prioritisation of sanitation by local governments have been witnessed, we (a group of researchers, local government representatives and development partner staff) cross-examine and identify lessons learnt. The results presented in this paper and subsequent discussion provide practical recommendations for those wishing to trigger a change in political will at the local level and create the foundation to strengthen sanitation governance and the wider system needed to ensure service delivery for all.

scholarly journals Saneamento Como Importante Elemento do Direito à Cidade: Ponderações Sobre a Política Municipal de Saneamento em São Paulo / Sanitation as an Important Aspect of the Right to the City: Weights on the Municipal Sanitation Policy in Sao Paulo

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Azevedo Moretti ◽  
Ricardo Moretti
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
Environmental Policies ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Right To The City ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
Municipal Law ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City

Resumo:O presente artigo tem por escopo analisar o saneamento básico como importante elemento para afirmação do direito à cidade e mostrar em que medida as dimensões do direito à cidade estão contempladas na Lei nº 11.445/07, que estabelece as diretrizes nacionais para o saneamento. A partir dessa reflexão, é feita uma análise do marco regulatório da Política Municipal de Saneamento na cidade de São Paulo, procurando identificar contribuições para a afirmação do direito à cidade. Para tanto, são observadas as polêmicas envolvendo a concessão dos serviços de água e esgoto para a Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo (Sabesp), bem como as fragilidades e reveses do novo marco regulatório introduzido com a Lei Municipal nº 14.934/09.Palavras-chave: Direito à Cidade; Saneamento Básico; Políticas Públicas Ambientais. Abstract:The article aims to debate sanitation as an important aspect of the right to the city and discusses to what extent the right to the city presents itself in the Law nº 11.445/07 that enacts National Guidelines for Sanitation. Furthermore, the Municipal Sanitation Policy is analyzed in the context of the right to the city and its implementation in the local level. Debates regarding the Sanitation Company of the State of São Paulo (Sabesp) as utility concessionary as well as strengths and weaknesses of the Municipal Law nº 14.934/09 that regulates sanitation services are brought to fore.Keywords: Right to the City; Sanitation; Environmental Policies.

Integrating local data into hospital-based healthcare technology assessment: Two case studies

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew D. Mitchell ◽  
Kendal Williams ◽  
Patrick J. Brennan ◽  
Craig A. Umscheid
Keyword(s):  
Technology Assessment ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Critical Care Units ◽  
Administrative Records ◽  
Local Evidence ◽  
Local Setting ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Staffing Patterns

Objectives: Health technology assessment (HTA) programs influence practice on a broad scale through reimbursement decisions or national guidelines. Hospital-based HTA programs inform clinical decisions at the local level. Typically, they do this by adapting general HTA to their local setting, or by creating new HTA. However, unlike payer-based HTA organizations, hospital-based HTA organizations can also integrate local data into their reports.Methods: We describe two examples of local data integrated into hospital-based HTA. In the first, qualitative data were used to select a new cardiac catheterization lab. In the second, quantitative data was used to inform a decision on whether to continue telemedicine services to critical care units. Local evidence sources included equipment service records, and interviews with physicians, technicians, and administrative staff in the first example, and the hospital's administrative and claims databases in the second example.Results: In each case, there was little evidence from the peer-reviewed literature that could be applied to the decision. In the first example, staffing patterns and local preferences had considerable bearing on technology choices. In the second example, local outcomes data from administrative records were decisive.Conclusions: Hospital-based HTA using local data can fill gaps in the published evidence, and also improve the generalizability of evidence to the local setting. To take advantage of local evidence, health systems should encourage the development of hospital-based HTA centers, seek out local preference data, and maintain databases of patient outcomes and utilization of services.

scholarly journals Assessment of the hygiene and sanitation practices of students of class VI to IX in urban government inter college at Allahabad district, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 3870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak Anand ◽  
Shiv Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Dental Hygiene ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Background: Hygiene and sanitation practices directly affect health status, and students can be easily educated for correct practices, which can be a cheap and effective measure for disease prevention, also it will reduce absenteeism due to illness in schools. This research paper was designed to assess the factors influencing hygiene and sanitation practices among school children.Methods: It is a cross-sectional descriptive study, sample size was 400. Data was collected between August 2017 and December 2017 by using structured questionnaire on general hygiene and sanitation practices.Results: It was found that only 61.5% of students wash their hand before meals, merely 16.75% of them were practicing proper dental hygiene, 41.25% of them clean genitals properly, whereas 52.25% students daily consumes food from vendors. Significant difference in sanitation and hygiene practices was found regarding education of father, education of mother and socioeconomic status.Conclusions: Hygiene and sanitation practices among students are not satisfactory and there is scope for improvement.

scholarly journals Integrated Sanitation and Hygiene Program to Curb the Case of Helminthiasis: An Experimental Study Among School-Age Children in a Coastal Town in the Philippines

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-98
Author(s):  
Mary Jane Bercasio Botabara-Yap ◽  
Leomel Jezter Bellosillo
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Control Group ◽  
School Age ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Experimental Group

Introduction: Approximately 24% of the world’s populations, mostly school-age children, are infected with soil-transmitted helminthes; with the majority in tropical and subtropical areas. The Philippine islands are endemic to soil-transmitted helminth with approximately 25 million Filipinos at risk of acquiring the infection. Despite the deworming program of the Department of Health (DOH), re-infection is very common. This study investigated the effect of integrated sanitation and hygiene program among the second grade students of a coastal town in the Philippines. Methods: Utilizing quasi-experimental study, two group pretest and posttest design, 70 participants from the elementary school of a coastal town in the Philippines were chosen randomly to join the study.  Results: Overall result showed that experimental group maintained a zero re-infection during the first and second months after the intervention; while the control had one case of re-infection. Moreover, result showed significant difference during pretest and posttest on knowledge (p = <0.05) and self-efficacy (p = <0.05) but not significant on practice (p = 0.77). Analyzing the two groups, significant difference was noted between the experimental and control group on knowledge (p = <0.05) and self-efficacy (p = <0.05), with the experimental group faring better after one and two months post intervention; but no significant difference was noted on practice, one and two months post intervention (p = 0.56, 0.43). The odds of the experimental group acquiring helminthiasis was 68% lower than the control group but is not considered significant (OR = 0.32; p = 0.49). Discussion: The program was successful in reducing the re-infection of helminthiasis and is recommended that continuous health education on hygiene and sanitation must be considered in the home and school.  

Water and sanitation policies for improving health in South Africa: overcoming the institutional legacy of apartheid

Water Policy ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 627-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edina Sinanovic ◽  
Sandi Mbatsha ◽  
Stephen Gundry ◽  
Jim Wright ◽  
Clas Rehnberg
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
The South ◽  
Financing System ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
New Policies

The burden of water-related disease is closely related to both the socio-economic situation and public health issues like access to clean water, sanitation and hygiene services. Poverty eradication, through improved access to water and sanitation, is the South African government's major priority. This is partly achieved through subsidising the cost of water and sanitation provision to the poor in rural areas. Whilst the new policies have made a remarkable impact on improved access to water and sanitation services, a general problem since the new approach in 1994 has been the lack of integration of policies for water and sanitation and health. This paper analyses the policies concerning rural water supply and sanitation in South Africa. It considers the structure of institutions, the division of responsibilities and legislated and financial capacity of the South Africa's water sector. A more integrated approach for the policies aiming at water access, sanitation and health is needed. In addition, as the local government's capacity to implement different programmes is limited, a review of the financing system is necessary.

scholarly journals Bridging Science and Practice-Importance of Stakeholders in the Development of Decision Support: Lessons Learned

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5744
Author(s):  
Innocent K. Tumwebaze ◽  
Joan B. Rose ◽  
Nynke Hofstra ◽  
Matthew E. Verbyla ◽  
Daniel A. Okaali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Stakeholder Participation ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Decision Support Tools ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Support Tools

User-friendly, evidence-based scientific tools to support sanitation decisions are still limited in the water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) sector. This commentary provides lessons learned from the development of two sanitation decision support tools developed in collaboration with stakeholders in Uganda. We engaged with stakeholders in a variety of ways to effectively obtain their input in the development of the decision support tools. Key lessons learned included: tailoring tools to stakeholder decision-making needs; simplifying the tools as much as possible for ease of application and use; creating an enabling environment that allows active stakeholder participation; having a dedicated and responsive team to plan and execute stakeholder engagement activities; involving stakeholders early in the process; having funding sources that are flexible and long-term; and including resources for the acquisition of local data. This reflection provides benchmarks for future research and the development of tools that utilize scientific data and emphasizes the importance of engaging with stakeholders in the development process.

scholarly journals Childhood Malnutrition and the Association with Diarrhea, Water supply, Sanitation, and Hygiene Practices in Kersa and Omo Nada Districts of Jimma Zone, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 117863022199963
Author(s):  
Negasa Eshete Soboksa ◽  
Sirak Robele Gari ◽  
Abebe Beyene Hailu ◽  
Bezatu Mengistie Alemu
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Breastfeeding Initiation ◽  
Childhood Malnutrition ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Jimma Zone ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children ◽  
Critical Times

Background: Inadequate water supply, sanitation, hygiene practices, and diarrhea are related to malnutrition, but there is limited evidence in Ethiopia about their association. Thus, the objective of this study was to describe childhood malnutrition and the association with diarrhea, water supply, sanitation and hygiene practices. Methods: A case-control study design was performed from December 2018 to January 2019 in Kersa and Omo Nada districts of the Jimma Zone, Ethiopia. Both children aged 6 to 59 months were chosen randomly from malnourished and well-nourished children in 128 cases and 256 controls, respectively. Bodyweight, length/height, mid-upper arm circumference, and presence of edema of the children were measured according to the WHO references. Then, the nutritional status of the children was identified as a case or control using the cutoff points recommended by the WHO. To see the association-dependent and independent variables, logistic regression analysis was used. Results: A total of 378 children were included in this study (98.44%). Malnutrition was significantly increased among children who delayed breastfeeding initiation(AOR = 3.12; 95% CI: 1.62-6.00), had diarrhea (AOR = 9.22; 95% CI: 5.25-16.20), were living in households indexed as the poorest (AOR = 2.50; 95% CI: 1.12-5.62), defecated in a pit latrine without slab/open pit (AOR = 2.49; 95% CI: 1.17-5.30), collecting drinking water from less than/equal to 1 km distance (AOR = 4.77; 95% CI: 1.01-22.71) and sometimes practiced hand washing at the critical times (AOR = 2.58; 95% CI: 1.16-5.74) compared with their counterparts. However, lactating during the survey (AOR = 0.35; 95% CI: 0.18-0.67), water collection from unprotected sources (AOR = 0.22; 95% CI: 0.05-0.95) and collection and disposal of under-5 children feces elsewhere (AOR = 0.06; 95% CI: 0.01-0.49) significantly reduced the likelihood of malnutrition. Conclusions: Early initiation of exclusive breastfeeding, diarrhea prevention, and the use of improved latrine and handwashing practices at critical times could be important variables to improve the nutritional status of children.

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