scholarly journals The Economic and Socio-Cultural Factors Affecting Performance of Women Entrepreneurs in Bangladesh: An Exploratory Study on Cumilla City

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatema Akter Jeni ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
P Value ◽  
F Test ◽  
Women Entrepreneurship ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Government

This study was designed to assess the economic and socio-cultural factors that affect the performance of women entrepreneurs of Cumilla city as well as Bangladesh. It also addressed the characteristics of women entrepreneurs and the supports they acquire from the surroundings. A sample of 60 women entrepreneurs engaged in different sectors was taken for the study using stratified and simple random sampling. In the process of answering the basic questions, a questionnaire that include demographic profiles, characteristics of women entrepreneurs and their enterprises, factors that affect the performance of women entrepreneurs was designed in both open and closed ended questions. After the data has been collected, it was analyzed using simple statistical techniques (tables and percentages) and descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviations) and F-Test Two-Sample for Variances. In F-Test Two-Sample for Variances, P value is 0.035433248; which is less than 0.05 (P<0.05); which means that there is difference between variance of two factors in women entrepreneurship. The difference between the two variances is statistically significant. This condition indicates that the sample provides strong enough evidence to conclude that the variability in the two factors is different. F-Test Two-Sample for Variances analysis reveals that there is significant impact of economic and socio-cultural factors on women entrepreneurship The results of the study indicates the personal characteristics of women entrepreneurs which affect their performance .It also shows that lack of financial access, stiff competition, inadequate access to training, access to technology and access to raw materials are the key economic factors that affect the performance of women entrepreneurs. Based on the major findings, recommendations were suggested to existing and potential entrepreneurs, Micro finances and other institutions. Both the government organizations and private sector have a major responsibility to promote entrepreneurship development for women. Without their interventions the advancement of women and women entrepreneurship cannot be achieved.

Why research is needed in women entrepreneurship in India: a viewpoint

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 1042-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sucheta Agarwal ◽  
Usha Lenka
Keyword(s):  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Growth Process ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Women Entrepreneurship ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gender Biases ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Government

Purpose The spirit of entrepreneurship among nationals of a country leads and contributes significantly to the growth process of a country. In this drive, there cannot be gender biases among men and women. The government in India has taken several initiatives to increase the participation of women entrepreneurs and, thus, making a partner to the growth and development process of the country. The initiatives in this direction were taken up through five-year development policy plans commencing from the fifth five-year plan (1974-1978). The focus of five-year plans since then has been reoriented toward women welfare stressing more specifically on women empowerment through women entrepreneurship programs. The purpose of this paper is to appraise the series of development plans and programs initiated for the empowerment of women entrepreneurship in India. Design/methodology/approach The paper is developed based on the concepts, policies and practices being implemented across the regions to promote women entrepreneurs. The methodology adopted to assess and analyze the relevant components very much matches the existing practices. The paper relates the concepts, programs and practices. This study has revealed certain issues based on the available data and information on women entrepreneurship to establish a view and rational as of why research is needed in the area of women entrepreneurship. To support this concept, the study has considered the experiences of two important states of India, namely, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand. Findings The study reveals that Government of India has launched several policies and development programs to infuse the spirit of entrepreneurship among the women groups and thereby not only making them financially self-sustained but also to contribute to the growth process of the economy. However, there remain many gaps in achieving the goals due to the variety of factors. This becomes more significant as the level of women entrepreneurship in India is very low as compared to other economies and also between the men and women entrepreneurs within the country. The study brings out the need and importance for the future research in the area of women entrepreneurship and thereby exploring the areas of concern and bringing out needed improvements to strengthen the women entrepreneurship programs and policies. Originality/value This research provides a future direction to the academicians, researchers and policymakers to provide a framework to reorient the programs and policies for the cause of women entrepreneurship growth in India. The paper very much emphasis that the research findings will have influence on government policies and serve as an effective tool for implementation of state programs meant for woman entrepreneurs more effectively and efficiently. The ultimate impact of research findings will be an economic change in the quality of life of woman enterprise in the society.

scholarly journals Problems and Opportunities of Women Entrepreneurship in Char Areas of Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
Md. Al Mamun ◽  
Md. Abdul Jabbar ◽  
Rebeka Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Women Entrepreneurship ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
Important Barrier ◽  
The Government ◽  
Cattle Rearing

The study was conducted to have an overview of the existing condition of women entrepreneurs in climate vulnerable char area in line with their problems and prospects. The analysis was based on primary data collected through personal interviews spread over a period of three months in four districts namely Bogura, Sirajgong, Ghaibandha and Rangpur of Bangladesh which have a significant area of char land. A set of questionnaires were prepared to conduct the field survey. The results revealed that women entrepreneurship in char area is an important tool to improve livelihood, empowerment and economic independency of many women. Indeed, women in char areas are engaged in different types of enterprises of which some are agro-based (poultry and cattle rearing, seed business and organic fertilizer business) and some are nonfarm based (boutique house, handicrafts, grocery and tailoring). Fertile and virgin soil with isolation distance is the most common opportunity for agricultural seed business in char areas. Huge cattle population in char areas is another organic manure business in chars. Most of the cases showed that women entrepreneurs selected their enterprises with what they were familiar and started their business with own savings followed by borrowing money from parents or husband or relatives. The study clearly indicated that lack of capital; communication and transportation are still the main problem of women entrepreneurs in char area. The other major problems include absence of marketing facilities, lack of chances for skill development training and different family issues. Family conflict and negative attitude of society also important barrier to start up a business. Another common barrier faced by the women entrepreneurs is balancing time between the enterprise and the family duty or responsibilities. This study conveys the message that if the char land women are provided with appropriate training, motivation and need-based financial and related assistance, they will enter into the entrepreneurial occupation in a large number and will prove their worth to contribute to the economy of Bangladesh. Both the government organizations and private sector should contribute to promote entrepreneurship development for women in the char area of Bangladesh where a great opportunity is waiting.

scholarly journals The Outbreak of Hepatitis A: Evidence in Pacitan District

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Ratih Lukmitarani ◽  
Mufiadzatul Ardiyah ◽  
R Azizah
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
P Value ◽  
District Health ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The Status ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Control

Introduction: Indonesia is a country with a high geographical distribution of hepatitis A. In June 2019, the government established the status of hepatitis A outbreaks in Pacitan District, which is spread across several districts. Based on data from the District Health Office of Pacitan, there were 1,310 peoples with hepatitis A on October 2019. Through this study, the relation between knowledge, attitudes, and personal hygiene as risk factors of hepatitis A outbreaks in Pacitan District can be identified. Methods: Observational analytic methods and case control research design were used in this study. The population was 280 people. The sample consisted of 60 peoples with case of 30 peoples and control of 30 peoples. Case and control samples were taken randomly (simple random sampling). The research data were collected using the interview method, then analyzed using the Chi Square test and the Contingency Coefficient. Results and Discussion: There was a correlation between knowledge level with the occurrence of hepatitis A outbreaks (p-value = 0.002 <0.05), attitudes with hepatitis A (pvalue = 0.004 <0.05), and personal hygiene with the occurrence of hepatitis A outbreaks (pvalue = 0.001 <0.05). Conclusion: Inadequate knowledge, inappropriate personal hygiene lead to the spread of hepatitis A outbreaks in the working area of Primary Health Care of Ngadirojo, Pacitan District.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN KARAKTERISTIK MASYARAKAT DENGAN KEJADIAN COVID 19 DI DESA PAYUNG KECAMATAN WELERI

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Sri Hesthi Sonyorini ◽  
Sulastri Sulastri
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
P Value ◽  
Community Characteristics ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Gender Education ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

At this time there is a health problem that is in the spotlight and attention of the world, namely the Covid-19 disease. This disease is caused by a virus called Corona Virus Disease – 19 or more popularly known as Covid-19. In response to this, the government has issued a policy or regulation to prevent the increase in the number of cases, namely in the form of a health protocol for handling Covid-19. The government has issued health protocols for handling Covid-19, including health protocols, borders, communications, education areas, and public and transportation areas, including policies in the form of implementing Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) in several areas in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the relationship between community         characteristics and the incidence of covid 19 in Payung Village, Weleri District.              Research design is descriptive correlation with sampling technique using simple random sampling with a sample of 58 respondents. Statistical analysis using chi square. From the results of the study, it was found that there was a relationship between age, gender, education and occupation with the incidence of Covid-19 in Payung Village, Weleri District with a p value <0.05.

scholarly journals Influence of Training Strategy on Growth of Small and Micro Enterprises in Kenya: A Case of Women Enterprise Fund

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Tom Ongesa Nyamboga ◽  
Edwin Odhuno ◽  
Walter Okibo Bichanga
Keyword(s):  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Group Leaders ◽  
Business Skills ◽  
Training Strategy ◽  
The Government ◽  
Micro Enterprises

The government of Kenya established Women Enterprise Fund to enhance the growth of Small and Micro Enterprises in the country through its training strategy. The purpose of this study was to establish the influence of training strategy on growth of SMEs in Kenya. This research used a descriptive survey based design. The study’s target population was composed of group leaders’ beneficiaries of Constituency Women Enterprise Scheme. Both cluster sampling and simple random sampling were used to select a sample size of 335 respondents. Quantitative primary data was collected by use of structured questionnaires. The data collected was analyzed according to research objectives. The study utilized both descriptive statistics and inferential statistics to analyze data. Both ANONA and Regression Analysis were computed to assess the correlation between the variables. The findings of the study established that majority of clients had acquired relevant business skills. The training was given to most clients on a regular basis and enabled them to operate their SMEs more effectively. ANOVA results showed a correlation between training strategy and growth of SMEs since the calculated P value 0.001 was less than the critical value 0.005. The study therefore established a positive relationship between training strategy and growth of SMEs. The findings of this study will help the government of Kenya to formulate training strategies that would boost the growth of SMEs in the whole country. The study recommends the government to provide frequent training to all SMEs in the country to make them more efficient and effective.

scholarly journals SUSTAINABILITY ENTREPRENEURIAL STRATEGIES AND ENTERPRISE PERFORMANCE OF WOMEN LED HIGH END HUMAN HAIR ENTERPRISES: CASE OF WESTLANDS SUB-COUNTY, NAIROBI

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-57
Author(s):  
Esther Mbithi ◽  
Paul Mathenge ◽  
Martin Kweyu
Keyword(s):  
Human Hair ◽  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Enterprise Performance ◽  
High Extent ◽  
Entrepreneurial Characteristics ◽  
Entrepreneurial Strategies ◽  
The Government

Purpose: This study sought to establish the influence of sustainability entrepreneurial strategies on enterprise performance of women led high end human hair enterprises: a case of Westlands sub-county, Nairobi. Methodology: The study was anchored on opportunity based entrepreneurship theory and used a descriptive research design. The target population comprised of 201 women entrepreneurs. The researcher used Krecjie and Morgan formula to select a sample of 132 respondents using stratified sampling and simple random sampling methods. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire. Results: Results from the study showed that there was a positive relationship between sustainability entrepreneurial strategies and enterprise performance. The study also found that entrepreneurial characteristics were the most significant independent variable followed by market accessibility, value proposition and financial resources. The results also showed that the respondents indicated that they were able to match their strategic intentions with their entrepreneurial characteristics, generate new ideas and make timely decisions to enhance the performance of their business to a very high extent. The respondents also indicated that they had access to the financial resources, had a strong financial base and were aware of the credit facilities available to a high extent. Another finding was that the respondents considered enhancing the quantity, length, price as well as uniquely branding their of high end human hair to a high extent. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommended that women entrepreneurs should undergo training on formulating strategies aimed at entrepreneurial development as this will enable them seek information and systematically plan on improving their enterprise thus enhance business performance. It is also recommended that the government and other stakeholders should come up with policies to promote the accessibility of financial resources for entrepreneurs as they were crucial for the sustainability of their enterprises. Another recommendation is that women entrepreneurs should identify, design and implement competitive customer value propositions to enhance their enterprise performance. It is further recommended that the government should support policy that will establish and strengthen the sourcing and market accessibility for women owned enterprises to enhance their financial performance.

Women Entrepreneurship Through the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond

2022 ◽  
pp. 324-345
Author(s):  
Mugove Mashingaidze
Keyword(s):  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Economic Recovery ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Women Entrepreneurship ◽  
The Government ◽  
Gathering Data ◽  
Practical Implications

The chapter investigated the COVID-19-induced challenges faced by women entrepreneurs in Zimbabwe, the strategies used by women entrepreneurs to survive the COVID-19 crisis, and the government support needed by women entrepreneurs to recover from the pandemic. A quantitative research approach using a structured questionnaire was adopted for gathering data. Empirical findings illustrate that women entrepreneurship in Zimbabwe faces a multiplicity of challenges due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, findings indicate that women entrepreneurs are cutting down costs, have introduced new delivery channels, and have reviewed their business models to become more resilient. However, women entrepreneurs also expect the government to offer readily accessible finances, arrange for skills and capacity-building training in response to the new normal, and craft economic recovery policies and packages that are tailored to specifically respond to the needs of women entrepreneurs. The study has both theoretical and practical implications.

A comparative study of women entrepreneurship in transitional economies

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Zhu ◽  
Orhan Kara ◽  
Xiaowei Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Transitional Economies ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Women Entrepreneurship ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Government

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to compare women entrepreneurship in China and Vietnam by examining the motivations, success factors and problems related to establishing women-owned businesses. Design/methodology/approach The sample in this study consisted of 170 women entrepreneurs in Vietnam and 180 women entrepreneurs in China. The authors used the survey instrument developed by H.M. Chu (Chu and Katsioloudes 2001), which has been adopted in a number of small business studies since 2002. To determine whether there is a significant difference between the two countries regarding each factor of motivations, success factors and problems, the authors use the non-parametric Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Findings Women entrepreneurs are motived to earn more income in both China and Vietnam. Vietnamese businesswomen value intrinsic rewards such as gaining personal satisfaction and freedom. They also take business ownership as a way to reduce work–family conflict. Demonstrating the ability and gaining public recognition play a more important role when Chinese women entrepreneurs decide to establish their businesses. Both Chinese and Vietnamese women agree that good management skills are essential to achieve their goals. Women entrepreneurs in both countries share similar challenges, such as the inability to recruit and retain employees, severe competition, a weak economy and limited access to financial capital. Practical implications Given the nature of transitional economies in both countries, the government is required to improve the regulatory environment for protecting private sector employment and private property rights. Policies such as subsidies and tax incentives may assist the development of women enterprises. To support the sustainable growth of women businesses, it is suggested that the government should design effective programs that direct women entrepreneurs to move into high-growth or high-technology sectors. Training programs are also required to improve the knowledge and skills of women entrepreneurs. Making capital accessible to women is also important to stimulate entrepreneurial growth. As a further stimulus, governments should coordinate with financial institutions to provide low-cost loans or even venture capital to facilitate this process. Originality/value This study is among one of the first attempts to compare women entrepreneurship in the two transitional economies of Vietnam and China. It provides insight into motivations, success factors and problems that women entrepreneurs experienced by examining small business owners in Vietnam and China.

Dynamics encouraging women towards embracing entrepreneurship

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-389
Author(s):  
Mohammed Abdul Imran Abdul Aziz Khan
Keyword(s):  
Role Models ◽  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Women Entrepreneurship ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mena Countries ◽  
Government Role ◽  
The Government ◽  
Entrepreneurial Training

Purpose Women entrepreneurship is the fundamental carter of economic development. This study aims to identify the dynamics that encourage entrepreneurial attitudes among women in MENA countries. More precisely, it required to scrutinize the role of the government, role models, the entrepreneurial training and women’s demographic characteristics in encouraging women to embrace entrepreneurship. Design/methodology/approach This study is based on primary data, where data were gathered from a sample of 300 women from MENA countries through a self-administered questionnaire and were subjected to one-way ANOVA tests. Different statistical tools were used to draw some valued conclusions from the gathered data. The study reveals that women entrepreneurs acknowledge the role played by the government, entrepreneurship training, role models and demographic variables in encouraging them to embrace entrepreneurship. Findings The government and the entrepreneurial training were found to be the greatest variables encouraging women to embrace entrepreneurship. Nevertheless, the low overall mean exhibited that most women do not believe that these bodies have played their role satisfactorily. Whereas the ANOVA results reveal that age and work experience were not important dynamics behind encouraging women to embrace entrepreneurship. Research limitations/implications Data were collected from a sample of 300 women entrepreneurs with a simple random sampling technique from the following MENA countries: Oman, Qatar, Egypt, Jordan, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates. It is too difficult to approach the women respondents and then collect data from them especially in MENA countries; hence the sample is small and limited. Practical implications However, such studies are still in the minority, and, with few exceptions, most have been published in the niche. The study finds imperative for policymakers to go beyond measures that aim to address the challenges that individual women entrepreneurs face and to study the institutional framework affecting women entrepreneurship in relationship to motivations and resources. Additional care is desired to compel the environment and context to eliminate barriers to women entrepreneurship at source. The government should play a significant role in encouraging women to embrace entrepreneurship, especially in times of economic slowdown. World-wide, women are under-represented among the population of entrepreneurs, and they tend to have different motivations and intentions. The first, and most obvious, implication highlights governments need to create special funds for unlocking the potential by enhancing their levels of entrepreneurship skills using the traditional instruments such as training. The government should come up with new and specific training programmes, providing support for growth-oriented women entrepreneurs with dedicated business incubator and business accelerator programmes. Social implications Entrepreneurs are strongly influenced by role models and social context. It is therefore important to promote women entrepreneurs as role models and ensure that the education system is gender-neutral and does not discourage women from going into different fields. Finally, more targeted actions can be taken to ensure that family policies, social policies and tax policies do not discriminate against entrepreneurship by women. Originality/value The author believes that only few entrepreneurship researchers are interested in feminist epistemology, disappointingly the more advanced understanding of feminism witnessed in sociology and the political science literature is not reflected in the field of entrepreneurship. Hence, there is a need for investigate the dynamics like government role, entrepreneurial training, role models and demographic characteristics, to have a fuller understanding of how they affect, to ensure a more accurate assessment of the outcomes for the development of women entrepreneurs in MENA countries. This study is an attempt to investigate the dynamics such as government role, entrepreneurial training, role models and demographic characteristics that encourage women to embrace entrepreneurship in MENA countries.

scholarly journals Problems Faced by Women Entrepreneurs in Thoothukudi District

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 4014-4018
Author(s):  
D. Shakila Et.al
Keyword(s):  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Women Entrepreneurship ◽  
Family Problem ◽  
Male Dominated

Women entrepreneurship is the process of setting up an enterprise, picking on any risks in the faith of profit. Women are these days winning in each and every field identical to men. Women entrepreneurs play a massive role in this male dominated society. Women are abutting lots of changes and problems prevailing in this society. Empowering women in entrepreneurship commands to break the inequalities and decreases scarcity. Basically entrepreneurs come across with many hardships that limit their prosperity and longevity. Besides this, women are working very excellently but they have many barriers in initiating and running their own business because of family problem, problems of finance, scarcity of Raw Materials, marketing constraints, numerous standards and customs etc. This paper helps to understand the countless problems faced by women entrepreneurs in the study area and suggests several measures to overcome those problems

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