scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICALS ANALYSIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF ECHINOPS ECHINATUS FROM CHOLISTAN DESERT, PAKISTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rafay
Keyword(s):  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Inhibition Activity ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Maximum Inhibition ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Urease Inhibitory

Plants have been used as a source of food as well as medicines by the man throughout history. Echinops echinatus was evaluated for phytochemicals and antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia and Anti-urease inhibition assay activities were tested during the study. The laminar flow cabin was cleaned with 70% ethanol. α-glucosidase inhibition activity was performed according to the standard method with slightly modification. Carbohydrates, phenols and tannins were found positive in leaves, stems and roots. Saponins and glycosides were found in flowers, leaves, roots and stems. While roots and stems revealed the presence of steroids. Terpenoids were found in flowers and leaves. The leaves showed the maximum inhibition zone 10mm against K. pneumonia while against E. coli, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa was found inactive. K. pneumoniae, E. coli and P. aeruginosa were resistant to flowers extract. The root extract showed maximum zone of inhibition 18 mm against S. aureus while against P. aeruginosa and K. pneumonia inhibition zone was 15mm and 14mm respectively. The extracts of leaves, flowers, roots and stem showed positive results for α-glucosidase. The roots extract showed maximum inhibition with 75.3±1.5 with IC50 value of 207.3±1.3 for α-glucosidase. Urease inhibitory activity of stem extracts showed maximum inhibition activity 93.71±0.86 with IC50 value 15.63±0.42. While leaves and roots showed almost same activity 92.45±0.63 and 92.63±0.76, respectively. Echinops echinatus could be considered for further studies in the treatment of various ailments as a natural remedy.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF SOLVENT TYPES ON ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF ROOT EXTRACT OF CAESARIA TOMENTOSA

2019 ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
GAURI PAI ANGLE ◽  
YOGITA SARDESSAI
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Hexane Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Maximum Inhibition ◽  
Active Substances

Objective: The study deals with the antimicrobial activity of five solvent extracts of roots of Caesaria tomentosa against seven microorganisms: two gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis), three gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhimrium) and two fungal strains (Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger). Methods: Roots of C. tomentosa were extracted with different solvents(n-hexane, ethanol, chloroform, acetone and water) and were subjected to antibacterial as well as antifungal screening by Well Diffusion Method. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration(MIC) was also performed by two-fold dilution. Results: The maximum inhibition zone at 50μg/ml concentration of n-hexane was 32 mm. These indicate that some active substances in C. tomentosa dissolved in varying degrees in the five solvents. The MIC for n-hexane was 1.6 μg/ml for S. aureus leading to a conclusion that the n-hexane extract was found to be the most potent. Conclusion: All extracts were very effective against S. aureus. As for the solvents, the n-hexane extract had the best inhibitory effect among five solvents tested.

Evaluation of α-glucosidase inhibition, antioxidant and antibacterial effects of Gymnema sylvestre R. Br.

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Tahseen Ghous ◽  
Kalsoom Akhtar ◽  
Saiqa Andleeb ◽  
Saira Khizar ◽  
Shaukat Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Iron ◽  
Gymnema Sylvestre ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Inhibition Assay ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Maximum Inhibition ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents

The results of antioxidant assays with Gymnema sylvestre leaf extracts revealed that methanol, acetone, and aqueous extracts possessed maximum DPPH (83, 83, and 75%) and ABTS scavenging potential (85, 71, and 82%). Chloroform possessed maximum total flavonoid (24.6 mg/100 ml) and total iron contents (435.3 ± 0.0125 mg FeSO4 E/G). The extracts of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and chloroform of Gymnema sylvestre leaves displayed an IC50 value of 170.2, 44.4, 131.6 μg/ml, respectively in α-glucosidase inhibition assay. Methanol and aqueous extracts showed maximum inhibition of E. ammni (17 ± 2.0 and 19.6 ± 0.57 mm), E. coli (15.3 ± 0.57 and 17.6 ± 0.57 mm), and S. aureus (16.6 ± 1.52 and 19.3 ± 1.15 mm). It may be concluded that all potential effects of G. sylvestre leaf extracts were due to the presence of phytochemical constituents such as flavonoids, steroids, quinones, phenols, triterpenoids, tannins, alkaloids, and saponins. Present findings suggest that these extracts present a satisfactory source for the preparation of antioxidant and antidiabetic medicines.

scholarly journals Synthesis of silver nanoparticles: double-green approach of using chitosan and microwave technique towards antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 5918-5922 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Heterogeneous Distribution ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Green Approach ◽  
Dual Mechanism

A double green approach to the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using chitosan as a reducing agent and microwave radiation has been carried out in this study. Chitosan was extracted from marine crab carapace and the morphology of the produced chitosan was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The production of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was monitored by the formation of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) at the λmax= 420 nm, indicates the reduction of the oxidation state of Ag+ to Ag0. The XRD data confirms the crystallinity nature of obtained AgNps, while the SEM and TEM revealed the formation of near-spherical shapes, polydisperse, heterogeneous distribution of AgNps with the size range between 7 to 25 nm. The antimicrobial activities of the AgNPs were investigated using The prepared AgNPs demonstrated dual mechanism action with chitosan, which acted as a stabilizer on the surface of AgNPs, and enhance the inhibition zone against E. tarda and E. coli. Therefore, the synthesized AgNPs in this study may have excellent potential for clinical application as it is green, low-cost and eco-friendly.

Phytochemical profiles and antimicrobial activities of garlic bulb extracts: Traditional medicinal plant in Maiduguri, Borno State

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 008-011
Author(s):  
Fatima Adamu Lawan ◽  
Ibrahim Yusuf Ngoshe ◽  
Binta Baba Shehu ◽  
Ali AG Benisheikh ◽  
Abdullahi Abdulkadir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Antibacterial Drug ◽  
Garlic Bulb ◽  
Phytochemical Profile ◽  
Phytochemical Profiles

The aim of present study was to assess phytochemical profile and antibacterial activities of some selected bacterial species. All the bacteria species tested showed higher inhibition zone varying from 20mm-27mm with 100mg/ml of ethyl acetate, methanol, Hexane and chloroform respectively. Moreover, the phytochemical profile revealed the presence of steroids, alkaloids, flavonoids and tannin in the extracts. Thus, result of this study showed that Garlic bulb extract could be a good candidate for production of synthetic antibacterial drug for the treatment of infections caused by the organisms used in this study.

In Vitro Antibacterial Activities and Mechanisms of Action of Fatty Acid Monoglycerides Against Four Foodborne Bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-337
Author(s):  
WENYUE WANG ◽  
RUI WANG ◽  
GUIJU ZHANG ◽  
FANGLI CHEN ◽  
BAOCAI XU
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Alkaline Conditions

ABSTRACT Naturally occurring monoglyceride esters of fatty acids have been associated with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities. We used an automated turbidimetric method to measure the MIC and assess the antimicrobial activity of five monoglycerides (monocaprin, monolaurin, monomyristin, monopalmitin, and monostearin) against pathogenic strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. The antibacterial activity of monocaprin was highest because its carbon chain is shorter than those of other monoglycerides. The MICs of monocaprin against S. aureus, B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa, and E. coli were 0.32, 0.32, 2.5, and 2.5 mg/mL, respectively. Monocaprin had antibacterial activity under neutral and alkaline conditions (pH 7.0 to 9.0) but had no inhibitory effect on S. aureus, B. subtilis, and E. coli under weakly acidic conditions (pH 6.0). The antibacterial mechanism of monocaprin against gram-positive strains (S. aureus and B. subtilis) resulted from destruction of the cell membrane. In contrast, the antibacterial activity of monocaprin against gram-negative strains (P. aeruginosa and E. coli) was attributed to damage to lipopolysaccharides in the cell walls. Because of its inhibitory effect on both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, monocaprin could be used as an antibacterial additive in the food industry. HIGHLIGHTS

scholarly journals AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK LAMUN (Cymodocea rotundata) TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus DAN Escherichia coli (Antibacterial Activities of Seagrass Extracts (Cymodocea rotundata) Against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli)

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Septiani Septiani ◽  
Eko Nurcahya Dewi ◽  
Ima Wijayanti
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Honestly Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Cymodocea Rotundata

Cymodocea rotundata  merupakan salah satu jenis lamun yang berpotensi sebagai antibakteri. Senyawa bioaktif yang bersifat sebagai antibakteri adalah fenol, flavonoid dan tanin. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan lama inkubasi dan konsentrasi ekstrak lamun C. rotundata yang berbeda terhadap aktivitas antibakteri S. aureus dan E. Coli. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu experimental laboratories dengan menggunakan rancangan dasar penelitian Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan pola faktorial, pola terbagi oleh faktor lama inkubasi bakteri (24 jam, 48 jam dan 72 jam) dan perbedaan konsentrasi ekstrak lamun (5%, 10% dan 15%). Data dianalisis menggunakan SIDIK RAGAM dan dilakukan analisis lanjut Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ), apabila terdapat perbedaan pada perlakuan. Ekstrak lamun C. rotundata efektif sebagai antibakteri dengan kategori sedang yaitu zona hambat berkisar antara 5-10 mm. Konsentrasi optimum untuk menghambat S.aureus dan E.coli adalah 15% dengan lama inkubasi 48 jam dengan zona hambat yang dihasilkan masing-masing sebesar 6, 123 mm. Dan 5, 833 mm.Cymodocea rotundata is a type of seagrass that has a potential as an antibacterial. Bioactive compounds which act as such as antibacterial phenols, flavonoids and tannins. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different concentration and time of incubation  of seagrass C.rotundata as antibacterial against  S. aureus and E. coli. The method used was experimental laboratories using the basic design of the study completely randomized design (CRD) with factorial pattern (2 factor). The first factor were different concentration (5%, 10% and 15% ) and second factor were time of incubations (24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours). Data were analyzed using ANOVA and conducted a further test Honestly Significant Difference (HSD), if treatment gave significant effect. C. rotundata extracts had antibacterial activity with medium category which inhibition zone ranges from 5-10 mm. The optimum concentration for inhibiting S. aureus and e. coli were 15% with incubation time of 48 hours resulting inhibition zone 6,123 mm and 5,833 respectively.

scholarly journals SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL EVALUATION OF SOME NOVEL BENZIMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES BEARING HYDRAZONE MOIETY

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Jayanta Sarma ◽  
Gurvinder Singh ◽  
Mukta Gupta ◽  
Reena Gupta ◽  
Bhupinder Kapoor
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Aromatic Aldehydes ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Benzimidazole Derivatives ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Evaluation ◽  
Antibacterial Potential

Objective: The synthesis of novel benzimidazole-hydrazone derivatives has been carried out based on the previous findings that both these pharmacophores possess potent antimicrobial activities. The antibacterial properties of synthesized derivatives were screened against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.Methods: O-phenylenediamine on condensation with substituted aromatic acids in polyphosphoric acid gave benzimidazole nucleus which on reaction with ethyl chloroacetate and hydrazine hydrate in two different steps resulted in the formation of substituted acetohydrazides. The targeted compounds 6a-l were synthesized by reaction of substituted acetohydrazides with aromatic aldehydes and screened for their antibacterial potential by cup-plate method.Results: The synthesized benzimidazole-hydrazones exhibited moderate to strong antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The compounds 6a-6f were found to be most effective against S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa. Among all the synthesized compounds, the zone of inhibition of 6f in highest concentration, i.e., 100 μg/ml were found to be >31 mm against all the stains of bacteria.Conclusion: The antibacterial results revealed that the synthetized derivatives have significant antimicrobial properties and further structure activity relationship studies may develop more potent and less toxic molecules.

Synthesis of Some New Hydroxytriazenes and their Antimicrobial and Anti-inflammatory Activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-60
Author(s):  
Shilpa Jain ◽  
Varsha Dayma ◽  
Poonam Sharma ◽  
Amit Bhargava ◽  
Prabhat K. Baroliya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Antiinflammatory Effect ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Mass Spectral Analysis ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Past ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Good Agreement

Background: Hydroxytriazenes and their derivatives have been studied for the biological and pharmacological applications in the past few years. These compounds possess antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and wound healing activities. In this study, we report the synthesis of ten hydroxytriazenes in two series derived from disubstituted aniline and studied for antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. Methods: For this purpose, 2-methyl-5-chloroaniline and 2-trifluoromethyl-5-chloroaniline were used to synthesize compounds A1-5 and B1-5 series, respectively. All compounds were synthesized by the reported method which involves three steps of the method (i) Reduction, (ii) Diazotization, (iii) Coupling. All synthesized compounds were characterized by various techniques CHN elemental analysis, FTIR, 1H NMR, and MASS spectral analysis. The antibacterial activities of the compounds were screened against S. aureus, S. pyogenes, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and antifungal activities were against C. albicans, A. clavatus by the zone of inhibition method. In addition, anti-inflammatory activity was also evaluated by carrageenan-induced paw edema method and results were reported as % inhibition. Results: All the synthesized compounds were obtained in pure form and their spectral data are in good agreement with their structure. The synthesized compounds have shown good antimicrobial activity and zone of inhibition was ranging 21 to 24 mm. Further antiinflammatory effect of the compounds was 96.58 to 98.71 % inhibition. Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that chloro and trifluoromethyl substitution at hydroxytriazenes skeleton could improve anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES LEAVES EXTRACTS OF CERBERA MANGHAS AND LEAVES EXTRACTS OF AZADIRACHTA INDICA AGAINST KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yanis Musdja ◽  
Markhamatul Aeni ◽  
Ira Djajanegara
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Hexane Extract ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Neem Leaves ◽  
Mango Leaves ◽  
Cerbera Manghas

Objective: This study aims to determine the potential of neem (Azadirachta indica, Juss) leaves and sea mango (Cerbera manghas, Linn.) leaves against Klebsiella pneumonia. Methods: Hexane and methanol extracts of neem leaves (A. indica, Juss) and hexane and butanol extracts of sea mango leaves (C. manghas, Linn.) were tested antibacterial against K. pneumonia using paper disc and dilution methods, measured the inhibition zone diameter, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), as a comparison used ampicillin.Results: The MIC values for the butanol extract and hexane extract of sea mango leaves against K. pneumoniae were 1.124276 and 1.45958 mg/mL, respectively. While the MBC value of both of them had the same value, i.e. 2 mg/ml. The hexane and methanol extracts of neem leaves did not have potentially against the growth of K. pneumonia. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study have been obtained, that extracts butanol and hexane extract of leaves of sea mango (C. manghas, Linn.) have antibacterial activity strong enough against K. pneumonia, where, extracts butanol leaves of sea mango has antibacterial activity that is more powerful than the extract hexane leaf sea mango, while the methanol extract and hexane extracts of neem (A. indica, Juss) leaves have weak activity against K. pneumonia.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Ethanolic Extract ofSyzygium polyanthumL.(Salam)Leaves against Foodborne Pathogens and Application as Food Sanitizer

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzita Ramli ◽  
Son Radu ◽  
Khozirah Shaari ◽  
Yaya Rukayadi
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Disk Diffusion Test ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Natural Microflora ◽  
Kill Curve ◽  
Time Kill

The aim of this study was to determine antibacterial activity ofS. polyanthumL.(salam)leaves extract foodborne pathogens. All the foodborne pathogens were inhibited after treating with extract in disk diffusion test with range6.67±0.58–9.67±0.58 mm of inhibition zone. The range of MIC values was between 0.63 and 1.25 mg/mL whereas MBC values were in the range 0.63 mg/mL to 2.50 mg/mL. In time-kill curve,L. monocytogenesandP. aeruginosawere found completely killed after exposing to extract in 1 h incubation at 4x MIC. Four hours had been taken to completely killE. coli,S. aureus,V. cholerae,andV. parahaemolyticusat 4x MIC. However, the population ofK. pneumoniae,P. mirabilis,andS. typhimuriumonly reduced to 3 log CFU/mL. The treated cell showed cell rupture and leakage of the cell cytoplasm in SEM observation. The significant reduction of natural microflora in grapes fruit was started at 0.50% of extract at 5 min and this concentration also was parallel to sensory attributes acceptability where application of extract was accepted by the panellists until 5%. In conclusion,S. polyanthumextract exhibits antimicrobial activities and thus might be developed as natural sanitizer for washing raw food materials.

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