scholarly journals Potential use of Lupinus exaltatus Zucc. (Leguminosae) as green manure in soils of Jalisco, Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 825-845
Author(s):  
Juan Zamora Natera ◽  
Isidro Zapata Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Vegetative Stage ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Litter Bags ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Rapid Decomposition ◽  
Potential Use

The environmental impact generated by agriculture with excessive use of fertilizers has led to the search for alternatives to improve soil fertility. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of Lupinus exaltatus in terms of decomposition and mineralization of nitrogen (N) when incorporated into the soil as green manure (GM) and its effect on the growth of Triticum aestivum L. seedlings. Litter bags were used, with a total of 216 nylon bags (10 × 5 cm), in each bag were placed 5 g dry base of GM in the vegetative stage and flowering. Subsequently, the GM bags were placed separately Vertisol and Regosol soil at a depth of 5 cm; and every three weeks until the end of the incubation, three bags were recovered per treatment. For evaluation of the effect GM on T. aestivum growth experiment was established in pots with soil Regosol, it consisted of incorporating 50 and 34 g dry base of the GM (equivalent to 10 and 15 t.ha-1). The GM in the vegetative stage lost an average of 83,52 % of its initial weight, while in flowering the loss was 76,49 %, the mineralized N was higher in Regosol soil than in Vertisol with 74,02 % and 70,58 % respectively. The wheat seedlings presented 30 % more dry matter and N with GM than the control treatment. L. exaltatus had a rapid decomposition and mineralization of N in the first stages of incubation.

EFFECT OF TILLAGE IMPLEMENT AND DATE OF SWEETCLOVER INCORPORATION ON AVAILABLE SOIL N AND SUCCEEDING SPRING WHEAT YIELDS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 269-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. FOSTER
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Early Date ◽  
Melilotus Officinalis ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Mouldboard Plough ◽  
The Impact

A 3-yr field study was conducted on a Dark Brown Chernozemic soil to assess the impact of the date of sweetclover (Melilotus officinalis Lam.) incorporation and tillage implement used for incorporation on succeeding spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yields. During year 1 wheat was underseeded to sweetclover. In year 2 the clover was incorporated on either 15 June, 1 July or 15 July. Five tillage implements were evaluated (a) mouldboard plough (b) rotavator (c) tandem disc (d) offset disc and (e) deep tillage cultivator. In the spring of year 3, each treatment was seeded to wheat. Over the duration of the study only small and usually insignificant differences (P ≥ 0.05) in year 3 wheat yields occurred related to incorporation implement. Date of sweetclover incorporation during year 2 was a significant factor when the 15 June incorporation resulted in 6 and 17% greater wheat yields than 1 July or 15 July, respectively. Sweetclover dry matter production, measured at the early date of incorporation was 32% less than the two later incorporation dates. Mineral nitrogen, determined to a depth of 60 cm in year 3 immediately following wheat seeding, was 82, 75 and 62 kg ha−1 for the 15 June, 1 July and 15 July incorporation dates, respectively. It was concluded that the implement selected for sweetclover incorporation is not critical, however the timing of plough down is important and should be relatively early in the growing season in order to maximize succeeding grain production.Key words: Sweetclover, incorporation, green manure

YIELD OF DRY MATTER AND NITROGEN FROM TOPS AND ROOTS OF SWEETCLOVER, ALFALFA AND RED CLOVER AT FIVE STAGES OF GROWTH

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Bowren ◽  
D. A. Cooke ◽  
R. K. Downey
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Melilotus Officinalis ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Companion Crop ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Percent Nitrogen

Sweetclover (Melilotus officinalis L.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) were grown to determine their value for returning nitrogen to the soil at two locations in northeastern Saskatchewan from 1956 to 1960. Yields of dry matter and nitrogen in the top growth and in the roots were determined for each crop at rive stages of growth. The legumes were seeded m association with a fertilized and an unfertilized companion crop of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).Sweetclover produced the greatest yield of top growth at all harvest dates. The root weights of alfalfa and red clover had surpassed those of sweetclover by July 15 (full-bloom stage) and September 15 (mature-seed stage), respectively. Percent nitrogen in the top growth of the legumes ranged from 1.87 to 2.61% on September 15 of the first year and from 2.58 to 2.89% by June 15 of the second year. After June 15, a sharp decline in percent nitrogen of the top growth occurred, especially in sweetclover. Percent nitrogen of the root growth of sweetclover also declined rapidly after June 15, while that of alfalfa and red clover increased.If sweetclover, alfalfa or red clover were used for green manure in late June or early July of the second year, a return of 70 to 90, 60 to 95 and 50 to 75 kg N/ha, respectively, would have occurred. If a crop of hay or silage was removed and only the stubble used for green manure, the average nitrogen returns to the soil from sweetclover, alfalfa and red clover would have been 10, 20, and 15 kg N/ha, respectively.Fertilizer increased the yield of the companion crop and reduced the yield of the legumes.

scholarly journals Glycine Betaine-Mediated Root Priming Improves Water Stress Tolerance in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1127
Author(s):  
Nazir Ahmed ◽  
Mingyuan Zhu ◽  
Qiuxia Li ◽  
Xilei Wang ◽  
Jiachi Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Root Architecture ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Water Stress Tolerance

Droughts represent one of the main challenges that climate change imposes on crop production. As a globally cultivated staple crop, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is prone to drought environments. Therefore, improvement in drought tolerance represents a growing concern to ensure food security, especially for wheat. In this perspective, the application of Phyto-phillic exogenous materials such as glycine-betaine (GB) has been attracting attention, particularly in stress-related studies. Since roots procure the water and nutrients for plants, any improvements in their response and capacity against drought stress could induce stress tolerance in plants. However, the knowledge about the changes in root architecture, defense mechanism, hormonal metabolism, and downstream signaling, in response to GB-mediated root priming, is still limited. Therefore, we designed the present study to investigate the role of GB-mediated root priming in improving the water stress tolerance in wheat (cv. Jimai-22) under in-vitro conditions. The roots of twelve days old wheat seedlings were treated with Hoagland’s solution (GB-0), 50 mM GB (GB-1), and 100 mM GB (GB-2) for 48 h and subjected to well-watered (WW) and water-stress (WS) conditions. The osmotic stress substantially impaired shoot/root growth, dry matter accumulation, and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen-peroxide (H2O2) production in the roots of wheat seedlings. However, GB-mediated root priming improved the redox homeostasis of wheat roots by boosting the activities of SOD and POD and triggering the significantly higher accumulation of abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA) in the roots of GB-primed plants. Consequently, it modified the root architecture system and improved plant growth, dry matter accumulation, and water-stress tolerance of wheat seedlings. Moreover, GB-mediated root priming increased root sensitivity to water stress and induced overexpression of stress-responsive genes involved in ABA metabolism (TaNECD1, TaABA’OH2), their downstream signal transduction (TaPP2C, TaSNRK2.8), and activation of different transcriptional factors (TabZIP60, TaAREB3, TaWRKY2, TaERF3, and TaMYB3) that are associated with plant metabolite accumulation and detoxification of ROS under water stress conditions. Overall, our results demonstrated that GB-priming improved the physiological and biochemical attributes of wheat plants under WS conditions by improving the drought perception capacity of wheat roots, ultimately enhancing the water stress tolerance. Thus, the GB-priming of roots could help to enhance the water-stress tolerance of economically important crops (i.e., wheat).

scholarly journals Agronomic characteristics and yield of organic maize straw intercropped with perennial green manures

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Costa Arantes ◽  
Anastácia Fontanetti ◽  
Marcio Roberto Soares ◽  
Francisco José da Silva Neto ◽  
Alexandre Gonçalves Próspero
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Green Manures ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Agronomic Characteristics ◽  
Maize Growth ◽  
Maize Straw ◽  
Calopogonium Mucunoides

ABSTRACT Maize intercropped with perennial green manure is an option to promote soil coverage, control weeds and recycle soil nutrients, in an organic system. This study aimed at evaluating the agronomic characteristics and yield of grains and organic maize straw intercropped with perennial green manures sown at different maize growth stages. A 3 x 2 + 1 factorial design was used, with three perennial species of green manure - calopogonium (Calopogonium mucunoides Desv.), tropical kudzu [Pueraria phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth] and perennial soy [Neonotonia wightii (Wight & Arn) Lackey] - and two green manure sowing times - at the maize V4 (four expanded leaves) and VT (bolting) stages - plus a control treatment (maize monoculture). A randomized blocks design, with four replications, was used. Soil coverage, production of green manures dry matter and weeds, and maize growth and production variables were evaluated. The sowing of green manures at the V4 stage had a higher percentage of soil coverage, in relation to the VT stage. Calopogonium, when compared to the other green manure species, had the highest percentage of soil coverage (35.63 %) and dry matter (1.0 Mg ha-1). Perennial green manures grown intercropped with maize did not affect growth, grain yield and maize straw. However, they were not effective in suppressing weeds.

scholarly journals The Effects of Different Seaweed Doses on Yield and Nutritional Values of Hydroponic Wheatgrass Juice

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Muhammet Karasahin
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Juice Yield ◽  
And Control

This research was conducted to determine the effects of different seaweed doses on yield and nutritional values of hydroponic wheatgrass (Triticum aestivum L.) juice in the climatization chamber of Karabuk University, Eskipazar Vocational School, Department of Crop and Animal Production between the dates of 15.01.2015 and 15.06.2015. In the research, four different seaweed doses (Control; 0, D1; 150, D2; 300, D3; 450 and D4; 600 ppm) and control were applied to irrigation water and their effects on the content of biomass rate, biomass and grass yield, grass juice yield and pH, plant height and root length, biomass and grass dry matter rate, grass juice energy and macronutrient values (protein, carbohydrate, fat, dietary fiber and ash) were analysed. According to the results, while the highest biomass and grass yield, plant height values were obtained from D1, D2, D3 and D4 treatments, the highest grass juice yield and root length were obtained from D3 treatment. The highest pH, grass dry matter content was obtained from control treatment. Seaweed dose treatments were not had influence on grass juice energy values. However, the rise in the grass juice yield was caused a rise in the total energy values in the unit area. D3 treatments can be recommendable to achieve the highest grass juice yield.

Effect of 24-epibrassinolide on localization of ABA, AZP, and dehydrins in wheat plant roots during dehydration

Biomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-336
Author(s):  
A.R. Lubyanova ◽  
F.M. Shakirova ◽  
M.V. Bezrukova
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Wheat Plant ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Immunohistochemical Localization ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Apoplastic Barrier ◽  
Protective Proteins

We studied the immunohistochemical localization of abscisic acid (ABA), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and dehydrins in the roots of wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L.) during 24-epibrassinolide-pretreatment (EB-pretreatment) and PEG-induced dehydration. It was found coimmunolocalization of ABA, WGA and dehydrins in the cells of central cylinder of basal part untreated and EB-pretreated roots of wheat seedlings under normal conditions and under osmotic stress. Such mutual localization ABA and protective proteins, WGA and dehydrins, indicates the possible effect of their distribution in the tissues of EB-pretreated wheat roots during dehydration on the apoplastic barrier functioning, which apparently contributes to decrease the water loss under dehydration. Perhaps, the significant localization of ABA and wheat lectin in the metaxylem region enhances EB-induced transport of ABA and WGA from roots to shoots under stress. It can be assumed that brassinosteroids can serve as intermediates in the realization of the protective effect of WGA and wheat dehydrins during water deficit.

Nitrogen Fertilization of Basil

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 481a-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rangappa ◽  
H.L. Bhardwaj
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Sweet Basil ◽  
Broad Leaf ◽  
Yield Difference ◽  
Optimum N Rate ◽  
N Rates

Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) is an important culinary herb in Virginia and other areas. The objective of this study, conducted during 1997, was to determine optimal N rate for fresh and dry matter yield. Seed of Broad Leaf sweet basil were direct-seeded on 18 June in rows 0.75 m apart in a RCBD design with 8 replications. Four N rates (0, 25, 50, and 75 kg N/ha) were used. Calcium nitrate (15.5% N) was used as the fertilizer source. All plants from 1-m row length from middle row of each plot were harvested by hand on 23 Sept. and fresh weights were recorded. The plant material was dried at 70°C for 48 h to record dry weights. The moisture content at harvest was calculated from fresh and dry weights. The fresh yields following 0, 25, 50, and 75 kg N/ha were 3.7, 5.4, 6.4, and 6.8 kg/m2, respectively. The yield difference between two highest N rates was not significant, however, both these rates had significantly higher yield than the two lowest rates. Similar results were also obtained for dry matter yields. The highest N rate of 75 kg N/ha resulted in significantly higher dry matter yield (1.3 kg/m2) as compared to the other three rates. The lowest dry matter yield was obtained after the control treatment (0.6 kg/m2). An opposite relationship between N rate and moisture content was observed when the highest moisture content resulted from control and 50 kg N/ha treatments. These results indicate that optimum N rate for sweet basil in Virginia is 50 to 75 kg/ha.

scholarly journals Remodeling of root morphology by CuO and ZnO nanoparticles: effects on drought tolerance for plants colonized by a beneficial pseudomonad

Botany ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwang-Yeol Yang ◽  
Stephanie Doxey ◽  
Joan E. McLean ◽  
David Britt ◽  
Andre Watson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Metal Stress ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Cuo Nps ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Induced Tolerance

Formulations that include nanoparticles of CuO and ZnO are being considered for agricultural applications as fertilizers because they act as sources of Cu or Zn. Currently, few studies of the effects of these nanoparticles (NPs) consider the three-way interactions of NPs with the plant plus its microbiome. At doses that produced root shortening by both nanoparticles (NPs), CuO NPs induced the proliferation of elongated root hairs close to the root tip, and ZnO NPs increased lateral root formation in wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L.). These responses occurred with roots colonized by a beneficial bacterium, Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6 (PcO6), originally isolated from roots of wheat grown under dryland farming in calcareous soils. The PcO6-induced tolerance to drought stress in wheat seedlings was not impaired by the NPs. Rather, growth of the PcO6-colonized plants with NPs resulted in systemic increases in the expression of genes associated with tolerance to water stress. Increased expression in the shoots of other genes related to metal stress was consistent with higher levels of Cu and Zn in PcO6-colonized shoots grown with the NPs. This work demonstrates that plants grown with CuO or ZnO NPs showed cross-protection from different challenges such as metal stress and drought.

scholarly journals Naturally Occurring Ecdysteroids in Triticum aestivum L. and Evaluation of Fenarimol as a Potential Inhibitor of Their Biosynthesis in Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 2855
Author(s):  
Anna Janeczko ◽  
Jana Oklestkova ◽  
Danuše Tarkowská ◽  
Barbara Drygaś
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Animal Kingdom ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
P450 Monooxygenase ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Regulatory Effects ◽  
Potential Use

Ecdysteroids (ECs) are steroid hormones originally found in the animal kingdom where they function as insect molting hormones. Interestingly, a relatively high number of these substances can also be formed in plant cells. Moreover, ECs have certain regulatory effects on plant physiology, but their role in plants still requires further study. One of the main aims of the present study was to verify a hypothesis that fenarimol, an inhibitor of the biosynthesis of ECs in the animal kingdom, also affects the content of endogenous ECs in plants using winter wheat Triticum aestivum L. as a model plant. The levels of endogenous ECs in winter wheat, including the estimation of their changes during a course of different temperature treatments, have been determined using a sensitive analytical method based on UHPLC-MS/MS. Under our experimental conditions, four substances of EC character were detected in the tissue of interest in amounts ranging from less than 1 to over 200 pg·g−1 FW: 20-hydroxyecdysone, polypodine B, turkesterone, and isovitexirone. Among them, turkesterone was observed to be the most abundant EC and accumulated mainly in the crowns and leaves of wheat. Importantly, the level of ECs was observed to be dependent on the age of the plants, as well as on growth conditions (especially temperature). Fenarimol, an inhibitor of a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, was shown to significantly decrease the level of naturally occurring ECs in experimental plants, which may indicate its potential use in studies related to the biosynthesis and physiological function of these substances in plants.

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