C-peptide as a biomarker in preeclampsia

Preeclampsia (PE) is a syndrome exclusive to human pregnancy and responsible for high perinatal morbidity and mortality, whose manifestations include hypertension, proteinuria, and edema. There is evidence that PE incidence is four times higher in diabetic type 1 women than in non-diabetic women; and increases in women with metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. C-peptide is a 31 amino acid residue polypeptide part of the proinsulin, which is enzymatically cleaved into insulin and C-peptide molecule. Both are simultaneously secreted in equimolar concentrations into blood, thus serum C-peptide level might reflect real insulin production. Little is known about the relationship between circulating levels of C-peptide and the increase in blood pressure in PE. For this reason, we assessed serum levels of C-peptide, and insulin in women with normal pregnancy and with PE, in a population of 30 Venezuelan women. Serum samples were evaluated by multiplex microsphere analysis (Bio-Plex Pro Assays). Our results show increased insulin and C-peptide serum levels in women with PE. Spearman correlation analysis in all subjects showed a positive association between SBP and C-peptide (r= 0.4841; P<0.0251) and insulin (r= 0.4386; P<0.0221), associated with a positive correlation between SBP and proteinuria and glucose. Our results suggest that an increase in C-peptide could be associated with the development of hypertension and insulin resistance in PE. Therefore, the quantification of this peptide could be a promising biomarker to predict the onset of pregnancy-induced hypertension.

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Intrinsic Mitochondrial Nutrient Utilization May Underlie the Association of Metabolite Levels with BMIz and Insulin Resistance (FS03-02-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz046.fs03-02-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Jennifer LaBarre ◽

Karen Peterson ◽

Wei Hao ◽

Maureen Kachman ◽

Lu Tang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Metabolism ◽

Acid Metabolism ◽

Positive Association ◽

Nutrient Utilization ◽

Macronutrient Intake ◽

C Peptide ◽

Medium Chain ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Objectives To identify metabolites associated with BMIz and insulin resistance (IR) among 108 girls and 98 boys aged 8–14 years. We sought evidence of whether altered mitochondrial nutrient utilization, as indicated by mitochondrial-derived metabolites, mediates the relationship between diet, IR and obesity. Methods Anthropometry, fasting untargeted-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-derived metabolites and C-Peptide, and semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires were collected from adolescents in the Early Life Exposure in Mexico to ENvironmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) birth cohort. Sex-stratified generalized linear models were used to identify metabolites that are marginally associated BMIz and HOMA C-peptide (HOMA-CP), accounting for puberty, age and muscle and fat area (FDR < 0.1). Assessed the relationship between energy-adjusted macronutrient intake with HOMA-CP and BMIz. Structural equation models coupled with hierarchical clustering identified clusters of metabolites that may mediate the relationship between macronutrient intake with BMIz and HOMA-CP. Results Stratification by sex demonstrated sex-specific associations with BMIz. Most notable were girl's positive association with diacylglycerols and boy's positive association with branched chain and aromatic amino acids, independent of HOMA-CP. Intermediates in fatty acid metabolism, including medium chain acylcarnitines (acylCN), were inversely associated with HOMA-CP. No direct relationship was observed between macronutrient intake with BMIz and IR. Using mediation analyses, fat intake is positively associated with BMIz and HOMA-CP through increases in levels of dicarboxylic fatty acids (DiC-FA), products of omega-oxidation. Carbohydrate intake is positively associated with HOMA-CP through decreases in levels of medium chain acylCN, products of β-oxidation. Conclusions Insulin resistance in children appears to be associated with reduced fatty acid oxidation capacity. When consuming more grams of fat, there is evidence for increased extra-mitochondrial fatty acid metabolism (DiC-FA), while higher carbohydrate intake appears to lead to accumulation of intermediates of β-oxidation. Thus, biomarkers of IR and mitochondrial oxidative capacity may depend on macronutrient intake. Funding Sources This work was supported by the NIEHS, EPA and NIDDK.

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Circulating levels of IGF1 are associated with muscle strength in middle-aged- and oldest-old women

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-10-0703 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 164 (2) ◽

pp. 189-196 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Diana G Taekema ◽

Carolina H Y Ling ◽

Gerard Jan Blauw ◽

Carel G Meskers ◽

Rudi G J Westendorp ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Muscle Strength ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Handgrip Strength ◽

Oldest Old ◽

Muscle Growth ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Relationship ◽

Circulating Levels

ObjectiveIn aging populations, poor handgrip strength has been associated with physical disability and mortality. IGF1 is an important mediator of muscle growth and regeneration affecting muscle function. We studied the relationship between circulating levels of IGF1, its binding protein 3 (IGFBP3), and handgrip strength and physical performance in middle-aged- and oldest-old subjects.DesignCross-sectional analysis in two different cohorts composed of middle-aged- (n=672, mean 63.9±6.7 years) and oldest-old subjects (n=272, all 89 years).MethodsHandgrip strength, functional performance and ability, and serum levels of IGF1 and IGFBP3 were measured in all subjects and analyzed by linear regression for men and women separately.ResultsIGF1 and IGFBP3 levels declined with chronological age and were positively associated with handgrip strength in middle-aged- and oldest-old women (both, P<0.05), but not in men of either age group. Furthermore, higher serum levels of IGF1 were associated with slower walking speed in oldest-old men (P=0.012), and serum levels of IGFBP3 were positively associated with activities of daily living in the oldest-old women (P=0.002).ConclusionThe significant relationship between IGF1 levels and muscle strength found in women but not in men suggests a gender-specific influence of IGF1 on muscle strength. Further studies are necessary to test the relationship with physical performance.

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Positive association between experimental cortisol increases and cage-measures of feeding behavior in wild-caught gerbils

Israel Journal of Ecology and Evolution ◽

10.1163/22244662-bja10014 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Franklin Sargunaraj ◽

Justin R. St. Juliana ◽

Cynthia J. Downs ◽

Irina S. Khokhlova ◽

Lee Koren ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Serum ◽

Feeding Behavior ◽

Hormone Level ◽

Positive Association ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Time Period ◽

Cortisol Levels ◽

And Behavior ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Glucocorticoid hormone levels vary within a forager based upon environmental stressors such as illumination and riskier habitats, and a forager’s response to environmental variables depends upon its glucocorticoid levels. Here, we report on a laboratory experiment in which we manipulated cortisol in Allenbyi’s gerbils (Gerbillus andersoni allenbyi) to test the relationship between cortisol and behavior. We then quantified the resulting blood cortisol levels and feeding behavior in gerbils. Thirty gerbils were injected with 21-day slow-release cortisol pellets drawn from 5 different dosages. We quantified the physiological response to pellet implantation in gerbils by measuring cortisol level in blood serum using ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay). We fed gerbils daily by mixing millet seeds into the sand inside rodent cages and measured the remaining seeds the following day to quantify feeding efforts. Some evidence supports that subcutaneous supplementation of glucocorticoids (GCs) in the gerbils led to higher blood serum levels. Cortisol levels varied according to time period of measurement. Gerbils that received lower dosages consumed most of the food presented to them when compared to those receiving the highest doses. In this manner, we delineate a pattern on cortisol hormone level variation over time following dosing and consequences in feeding behavior.

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Elevated circulating levels of tumor necrosis factor predict unresponsiveness to treatment with interferon alfa-2b in chronic myelogenous leukemia.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.1992.10.4.631 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 631-634 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

F Herrmann ◽

S G Helfrich ◽

A Lindemann ◽

E Schleiermacher ◽

C Huber ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽

Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia ◽

Tumor Necrosis ◽

Performance Status ◽

Chronic Phase ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Myelogenous Leukemia ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Circulating Levels ◽

Necrosis Factor

PURPOSE The study was undertaken to analyze circulating tumor necrosis factor (TNF) levels in patients with chronic-phase chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) undergoing interferon (IFN) alfa-2b therapy, and to correlate pretreatment serum levels of TNF with response to IFN alfa-2b therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fourteen patients with CML in chronic phase were treated with recombinant human IFN alfa-2b for 7 to 39 months. RESULTS In eight patients IFN alfa-2b treatment failed due to lack of hematologic response. A complete or partial hematologic remission was achieved in the remaining six patients, of whom two patients experienced a complete cytogenetic response. Retrospective analysis of serum samples obtained from all patients before the onset of IFN alfa-2b administration revealed that levels (mean +/- SEM) of circulating TNF were higher (P less than .001) in the group of patients who did not respond to IFN alfa-2b treatment (157 +/- 15 U/mL) than in the responders (10.3 +/- 4 U/mL) or healthy control subjects (9.1 +/- 3 U/mL). However, there was no correlation between TNF serum levels and other patient characteristics at study enrollment including age, sex, duration of disease, performance status, splenomegaly, WBC count, platelet count, hemoglobin value, prior therapy, and prognostic category. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that circulating levels of TNF are increased in a subset of patients with chronic-phase CML and that this elevation is associated with poor response to IFN alfa-2b therapy.

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Insulin-related dietary indices predict 24-h urinary C-peptide in adult men

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114520002184 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Dong Hoon Lee ◽

Edward L. Giovannucci ◽

Fred K. Tabung

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Insulin Secretion ◽

Positive Association ◽

Significant Positive Association ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

C Peptide ◽

Adult Men ◽

Dietary Index ◽

Sectional Analysis ◽

Dietary Indices

Abstract The dietary insulin index directly estimates the postprandial insulin secretion potential of foods, whereas the empirical dietary index for hyperinsulinaemia (EDIH) assesses the insulinaemic potential of usual diets based on fasting plasma C-peptide, and is primarily reflective of insulin resistance. It is unknown whether these insulin-related indices are predictive of an integrated measure of insulin secretion. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis that included 293 non-diabetic men with 24-h urinary C-peptide data from the Men’s Lifestyle Validation Study. EDIH, dietary insulin index and dietary insulin load were calculated using validated FFQ. We conducted multivariable-adjusted linear regression to estimate relative and absolute concentrations of 24-h urinary C-peptide. In multivariable-adjusted models, we found a significant positive association between all three insulin-related dietary indices and 24-h urinary C-peptide (P < 0·05). Relative concentrations of 24-h urinary C-peptide per 1-sd increase in insulin-related dietary indices were 1·12 (95 % CI 1·02, 1·23) for EDIH, 1·18 (95 % CI 1·07, 1·29) for dietary insulin index and 1·16 (95 % CI 1·06, 1·27) for dietary insulin load. When we further adjusted for BMI, the association was attenuated for EDIH, to 1·07 (95 % CI 0·98, 1·16), and remained unchanged for dietary insulin index and dietary insulin load. In conclusion, EDIH, dietary insulin index and dietary insulin load were predictive of integrated insulin secretion assessed by 24-h urinary C-peptide. Findings after adjustment for BMI appear to confirm the relation of EDIH to insulin resistance and dietary insulin index/load to insulin secretion; the respective constructs of the two dietary indices.

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CCL2 Serum Levels and Adiposity Are Associated with the Polymorphic Phenotypes -2518A on CCL2 and 64ILE on CCR2 in a Mexican Population with Insulin Resistance

Journal of Diabetes Research ◽

10.1155/2016/5675739 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Milton-Omar Guzmán-Ornelas ◽

Marcelo Heron Petri ◽

Mónica Vázquez-Del Mercado ◽

Efraín Chavarría-Ávila ◽

Fernanda-Isadora Corona-Meraz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Metabolic Markers ◽

Regulate Gene Expression ◽

Wild Type Phenotype ◽

Pcr Rflp ◽

Mexican Mestizos ◽

The Relationship

Genetic susceptibility has been described in insulin resistance (IR). Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand-2 (CCL2) is overexpressed in white adipose tissue and is the ligand of C-C motif receptor-2 (CCR2). TheCCL2G-2518A polymorphism is known to regulate gene expression, whereas the physiological effects of theCCR2Val64Ile polymorphism are unknown. The aim of the study is to investigate the relationship between these polymorphisms with soluble CCL2 levels (sCCL2), metabolic markers, and adiposity. In a cross-sectional study we included 380 Mexican-Mestizo individuals, classified with IR according to Stern criteria. Polymorphism was identified using PCR-RFLP/sequence-specific primers. Anthropometrics and metabolic markers were measured by routine methods and adipokines and sCCL2 by ELISA. The CCL2 polymorphism was associated with IR (polymorphicA+phenotype frequencies were 70.9%, 82.6%, in individuals with and without IR, resp.). Phenotype carriers CCL2 (A+) displayed lower body mass and fat indexes, insulin and HOMA-IR, and higher adiponectin levels. Individuals with IR presented higher sCCL2 compared to individuals without IR and was associated with CCR2 (Ile+) phenotype. The double-polymorphic phenotype carriers (A+/Ile+) exhibited higher sCCL2 than double-wild-type phenotype carriers (A−/Ile−). The present findings suggest that sCCL2 production possibly will be associated with the adiposity and polymorphic phenotypes ofCCL2andCCR2, in Mexican-Mestizos with IR.

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The association between insulin resistance and proliferative retinopathy in type 1 diabetes

Romanian Journal Of Internal Medicine ◽

10.1515/rjim-2015-0034 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 53 (3) ◽

pp. 261-266 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Irina Duţă ◽

Simona Fica ◽

Daniela Adriana Ion

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Proliferative Retinopathy ◽

Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽

The Relationship ◽

Diabetes Patients

Abstract Introduction. Little is known about the relationship between insulin resistance and proliferative diabetic retinopathy in type 1 diabetes. The aim of this article is to explore the relationship between sight-threatening proliferative diabetic retinopathy and insulin resistance. Methods. This was a cross-sectional study that included 167 type 1 diabetes patients. Insulin resistance was assessed using eGDR (estimated glucose disposal rate) formula. Diabetic retinopathy was assessed by ophthalmoscopy using Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy classification. The association between eGDR and proliferative diabetic retinopathy was assessed in uni- and multivariate models using stepwise logistic regression of covariates. The contribution of individual predictors in the final regresion model was examined using Wald statistic. Results. Significantly lower eGDR’s values were observed in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy: 5.5 vs. 7 (p = 0.002). The results remained significant (p < 0.001) after adjusting for multiple covariates (sex, diabetes duration, body mass index, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, smoking). eGDR variable was retained in the final model of stepwise logistic regression (p < 0.001) and showed the strongest association with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (Wald = 12.73). Conclusions. In type 1 diabetes patients insulin resistance was the most important independent risk factor associated with diabetic proliferative retinopathy.

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Curcumin Ameliorate Diabetes type 1 Complications through Decreasing Pro-inflammatory Cytokines in C57BL/6 Mice

Iranian Journal of Allergy Asthma and Immunology ◽

10.18502/ijaai.v19i(s1.r1).2854 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yaser Jafari Khataylou ◽

Somayeh Ahmadiafshar ◽

Reza Rezaei ◽

Saeid Parsamanesh ◽

Golbahar Hosseini

Keyword(s):

Serum Levels ◽

Treated Group ◽

Diabetic Group ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Diabetic Mice ◽

Citrate Buffer ◽

C Peptide ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Ifn Γ

Type 1 diabetes is a chronic autoimmune disease of beta cells in the islets of Langerhans, which are responsible for making insulin. Even with insulin therapy, inflammatory complications will develop in the long term. The present study examines changes in serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, C-peptide, Insulin as well as fasting blood sugar (FBS) in control, diabetic and diabetic treated with curcumin groups. Thirty inbred C57BL /6 mice were randomly divided into three groups of 10 mice: group A consisted of healthy mice receiving citrate buffer, group B included a group of diabetic mice, and group C was a group of diabetic mice treated with curcumin. The cytokine levels were measured in the supernatant of stimulated splenocytes using enzyme -linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Radioimmunoassay was used to measure insulin and c-peptide levels. The FBS was measured by an automatic glucometer device. The levels of IL-6, IL-17, and IFN-γ, as well as FBS, was significantly decreased in the treated group with curcumin compared to the diabetic group mice (p<0.05). TNF-α levels were also low, but the difference was not significant. IL-10, plasma C-peptide, and insulin significantly increased in the supernatant of stimulated splenocytes of treated diabetic group than in the diabetic group (p<0/05). According to the results, this study supports the anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin; however, more studies are needed to investigate theeffects of curcumin and the dose-response relationship in this disease.

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Clinical value of selected markers of angiogenesis, inflammation, insulin resistance and obesity in type 1 endometrial cancer

10.21203/rs.2.15416/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Katarzyna M. Terlikowska ◽

Bozena Dobrzycka ◽

Robert Terlikowski ◽

Anna Sienkiewicz ◽

Maciej Kinalski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Endometrial Cancer ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Myometrial Invasion ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Figo Stage ◽

Cancer Type ◽

Cox Regression Analysis ◽

Angiopoietin 2

Abstract Background: It is a well-known fact show that the risk of developing endometrial cancer (type 1 EC) is strongly associated with obesity. In this study, selected markers, such as obesity, insulin resistance, angiogenesis and inflammation markers related to EC type 1 progression and patients’ survival data were analyzed.Methods: To measure levels of adiponectin, C-reactive protein (CRP), vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), insulin and C-peptide in 176 preoperative serum samples, the immunoassay technique (EMIT) has been applied.Results: Angiopoietin-2 levels increase with age (P=0.005), FIGO stage (p=0.042), myometrial invasion (P=0.009) and LVSI (P<0.001). The CRP levels increase with age (P=0.01), as well as the advancement of the FIGO stage (P<0.001), higher tumor grade (P=0.012), and myometrial invasion (P<0.001). A positive correlation between serum Ang-2 and CRP levels was demonstrated (r=0.44; p<0.001). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that patients with high CRP levels in serum and Ang-2 presented a worse outcome (P=0.03 and P=0.015, respectively). Cox regression analysis of individual predictors revealed that high serum levels of Ang-2, CRP, advanced clinical FIGO stage (P<0.001, respectively), old age (P=0.013) were all significant overall survival predictors. By means of multivariate analysis, their predictive significance was confirmed.Conclusion: Our study provides evidence that serum levels of Ang-2 and CRP may serve as predictors for assessment of the clinical stage of type 1 EC and are significantly associated with poor prognosis. It is likely that angiogenesis and inflammation associated with obesity have a significant impact on EC type 1 progression and survival rate of patients.

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