Safety of Chinese roast pork as determined by the water activity of the skin and cavity

Objectives: The increase in unfamiliar ethnic foods and the lack of guidelines available to evaluate their safety makes it increasingly challenging for Public Health Inspectors (PHIs) to ensure food safety. Chinese barbecued meats, for example, frequently undergo improper temperature control, causing health concerns for public health authorities. However, due to the limited studies conducted, the health implications associated with temperature abuse of this ethnic food is currently unclear. Hence, the following study assessed the safety of Chinese barbecued meats, specifically roast pork, at ambient temperature (21°C). Methods: The temperature and water activity (aw) of 30 samples of roast pork skin and cavity were measured. A one sample t-test was conducted to assess whether or not the aw of roast pork surfaces are below 0.85, a standard for safe display of food at room temperature. In addition, the paired-sample t-test was conducted to determine whether a difference exists between the aw of roast pork skin and cavity. Results: The mean temperature that roast pork was displayed at in retailers was 30.7°C and the mean skin and cavity aw were 0.70±0.013 and 0.81±0.009, respectively. The aw of the roast pork skin and cavity were found to be statistically lower than the standard, 0.85 (p-value < 0.00001 and at 0.001338, respectively). In addition, statistically significant difference was found between the mean aw of the roast pork skin and cavity (p-value < 0.00001). Conclusion: These results indicate that the whole roast pork can be safely displayed at ambient temperature provided that it adheres to specific food safety and sanitation criteria. These results can aid health authorities with guidelines development to assist PHIs with inspections and educate operators to ensure food safety.

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Pattern of symptom improvement following endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis

BMC Surgery ◽

10.1186/s12893-021-01269-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Salma S. Al Sharhan ◽

Mohammed H. Al Bar ◽

Shahad Y. Assiri ◽

Assayl R. AlOtiabi ◽

Deemah M. Bin-Nooh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surgical Outcomes ◽

Endoscopic Sinus Surgery ◽

T Test ◽

Sinus Surgery ◽

Symptom Improvement ◽

P Value ◽

Psychological Dysfunction ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

Snot 22

Abstract Background Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common inflammation of the nose and the paranasal sinuses. Intractable CRS cases are generally treated with endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Although the effect of ESS on CRS symptoms has been studied, the pattern of symptom improvement after ESS for CRS is yet to be investigated. The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude and sequence of symptom improvement after ESS for CRS, and to assess the possible preoperative factors that predict surgical outcomes in CRS patients. Methods This was a longitudinal prospective study of 68 patients who had CRS (with or without nasal polyps). The patients underwent ESS at King Fahd Hospital of the University, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia. The Sino-nasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22) questionnaire was used for assessment at four time points during the study: pre-ESS, 1-week post-ESS, 4 weeks post-ESS, and 6 months post-ESS. Results The difference between the mean scores recorded for the five SNOT-22 domains pre-ESS and 6 months post-ESS were as follows: rhinologic symptoms (t-test = 7.22, p-value = < 0.001); extra-nasal rhinologic symptoms (t-test = 4.87, p-value = < 0.001); ear/facial symptoms (t-test = 6.34, p-value = < 0.001); psychological dysfunction (t-test = 1.99, p-value = 0.049); and sleep dysfunction (t-test = 5.58, p-value = < 0.001). There was a significant difference between the mean scores recorded for the five domains pre-ESS and 6 months post-ESS. Rhinologic symptoms had the largest effect size (d = 1.12), whereas psychological dysfunction had the least effect size (d = 0.24). The only statistically significant difference in the SNOT-22 mean scores recorded 4 weeks post-ESS was observed between allergic and non-allergic patients (t = − 2.16, df = 66, p = 0.035). Conclusion Understanding the pattern of symptom improvement following ESS for CRS will facilitate patient counselling and aid the optimization of the current treatment protocols to maximize surgical outcomes and quality of life. Level of evidence Prospective observational.

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Efektifitas Puerperal Gymnastic dan Kegel Exercises terhadap Involusi Uterus pada Ibu Postpartum Hari 1 - 3

Jurnal Kebidanan Harapan Ibu Pekalongan ◽

10.37402/jurbidhip.vol8.iss2.110 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 92-99

Author(s):

Kholisotin Kholisotin ◽

Kholifatun Naziro ◽

Zainal Munir ◽

Ahmad Kholid

Keyword(s):

Sampling Technique ◽

T Test ◽

P Value ◽

Test Results ◽

Paired Sample ◽

Uterine Involution ◽

Kegel Exercises ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

Postpartum Mothers

During labor, women experience many reproductive changes, one of which is uterine involution. If the uterine involution is late to return to normal, it will cause subinvolution, puerperal gymnastic techniques and kegel exercises are the easiest techniques to use and are very effective. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of puerperal gymnastic and kegel exercises on uterine involution in postpartum mothers day 1-3 at BPM Hj. Nengah Mardani Tenggarang Bondowoso. This type of research uses a pre-experimental research methodology using a two-group interpretation-posttest design, with a sample of 30 respondents. The sampling technique in this study used total sampling. Data analysis used paired sample t test and independent t test. The independent t test results showed that there was no significant difference between puerperal gymnastic and kegel exercises in overcoming uterine involution in postpartum mothers with a p value of 0.039 (p value> α 0.05). Of the two techniques, Kegel exercises were more effective in reducing involution. uterus with a mean difference of 6.7333> than the mean puerperal gymnastic of 5.8000.

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COMBINATION OF HYPNOSIS THERAPY AND RANGE OF MOTION EXERCISE ON UPPER-EXTREMITY MUSCLE STRENGTH IN PATIENTS WITH NON-HEMORRAGHIC STROKE

Belitung Nursing Journal ◽

10.33546/bnj.347 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 104-111

Author(s):

Chandra Irawan ◽

Mardiyono Mardiyono ◽

Suharto Suharto ◽

Aris Santjaka

Keyword(s):

Muscle Strength ◽

Upper Extremity ◽

Mean Value ◽

T Test ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

And Control ◽

Paired T Test

Background: Range of Motion (ROM) exercise has been identified in the literature that it has an effect in improving muscle strength, especially in patients with stroke. However, little is known about the effect of ROM exercise combined with hypnosis therapy.Objective: To determine the effect of combination of hypnosis therapy and ROM exercise on upper extremity muscle strength in patients with non-hemorrhagic.Methods: This study employed a quasy experiment with pretest-posttest control group design. Thirty-two samples were selected using simple random sampling, which 16 randomly assigned in the experiment and control group. Muscle strength was measured using Muscle Strength Scale. Hypnosis Deepening test was used to measure the level of hypnosis depth. Paired t-test and Independent t-test were used for data analysis.Results: The mean value of muscle strength in the experiment group was 3.50 and the mean value in the control group was 2.62. Independent sample t-test obtained p-value = 0.012, indicated that there was a statistically significant difference in the mean of muscle strength of upper extremity in the experiment and control group. Paired t-test obtained p-value = 0.000, which indicated that there was significant difference between the average of muscle strength value before and after treatmentConclusion: The combination of hypnosis therapy and ROM exercise has a significant effect in increasing muscle strength of upper extremity in patients with stroke non-haemorrhagic.

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Efektivitas Makanan Berbasis Lokal Tawas Ut (Ampelocissus Rubuginosa L) Terhadap Status Kesehatan Ibu Post-Partum Di Kota Palangka Raya

Jurnal Surya Medika ◽

10.33084/jsm.v6i1.1629 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 143-156

Author(s):

Christine Aden ◽

Marselinus Heriteluna

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Post Partum ◽

Food Product ◽

Reproductive Organs ◽

T Test ◽

P Value ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

Postpartum Mothers ◽

Paired T Test

Postpartum recovery of the reproductive organs, especially the uterus, should occur immediately. The uterus should return to its pre-pregnancy size. Treatment to restore maternal health during the postpartum period was carried out by the Dayak community by using the herbal concoction of Tawas Ut (Ampelocissus Rubuginosa L). This study aims to determine the health status of post-partum mothers by administering the Tawas Ut herb as a food product. paired t-test). It was found that there was a significant difference in the mean fundal height between the intervention and control groups (p-value 0.012) with a difference of 2.91, or there was a difference of 61.1%. The results of the Paired t-test showed that there was a significant difference in the mean uterine fundal height between before and after the intervention period (p-value 0.0005) with a difference in uterine fundal height of 10.45 cm or a change of 84%. This shows that the local-based food of Tawas Ut has effects on the health status of postpartum mothers, which can reduce leukocytes by 32% and reduce uterine fundal height by 84% to normal sizes as before pregnancy. The use of this product is recommended to be used as a companion to standard service programs for postpartum mothers to support government programs to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality due to postpartum problems.

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COURSE REVIEW HORAY METHOD IN TEACHING SPEAKING

IDEAS Journal on English Language Teaching and Learning Linguistics and Literature ◽

10.24256/ideas.v7i1.732 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Masruddin Masruddin

Keyword(s):

Experimental Method ◽

T Test ◽

P Value ◽

Purposive Sampling ◽

Speaking Test ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Speaking Skill ◽

The Mean

This research aims at finding out whether the use of course review horay method is effective or not to improve the students’ speaking skill at the eight grade students of SMP Negeri 14 Palopo. This research was conducted at SMP Negeri 14 Palopo. It applied a pre experimental method. The total number of population was 38 students from two classes in the eight grade students. This research used purposive sampling which the researcher took class VIIIA. In this research the researcher used one instrument consisted of speaking test. Speaking test was given in pretest and posttest. The result of research shows that the use of course review horay is effective in teaching speaking. It is supported by the mean score of posttest (8,55) which is higher than pretest namely (13,66). Then, the P value of t-test was 0.00. It means that there is significant difference between the pretest and posttest

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A Model for Enhancing Algorithmic Thinking in Programming Education using PAAM

International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) ◽

10.3991/ijim.v15i09.20617 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (09) ◽

pp. 37

Author(s):

Sohail Iqbal Malik ◽

Ragad Tawafak ◽

Ghaliya Alfarsi ◽

Mohammed Waseem Ashfaque ◽

Roy Mathew

Keyword(s):

Web Application ◽

T Test ◽

P Value ◽

Problem Analysis ◽

Problem Solving Skills ◽

Mean Values ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

Algorithmic Model ◽

Algorithmic Thinking

Most novice programmers consider learning to program as a difficult and challenging field of study for them. As a result, high dropout and failure rates in programming one courses reported. One of the reasons is that most programming (1) courses don’t give equal attention to syntax and semantics of programming language and algorithmic thinking. In this study, a web application based on Problem Analysis and Algorithmic Model (PAAM) was prepared and acquainted in the programming (1) course. The application focuses on problem analysis and algorithmic thinking. The influence on genders' opinion after offering the PAAM model in the programming (1) course determined by organizing a survey. The mean values of the male and female survey respondents compared by performing the T-test. The purpose is to determine if there is any significant difference between the mean values. Results show that students appreciated the web application in the programming (1) course. Male students discerned more positive responses in the survey questions compared to female students. The T-test result shows a significant difference between the values of respondents because the p-value for equal variances assumed is (.000), which is less than p = 0.05. The application encourages a new approach based on four steps (problem statement → problem analysis → problem-solving skills → code) for novices. The application helps students to understand programming structures, program design and comprehension.

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Evaluation of the relation between myopia and central corneal thickness in patients admitted to vali-e-asr hospital in birjand, iran

Journal of Surgery and Trauma ◽

10.32592/jsurgery.2021.9.4.101 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 138-143

Keyword(s):

Central Corneal Thickness ◽

Corneal Thickness ◽

Epidemiologic Study ◽

T Test ◽

P Value ◽

Study Results ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

And Gender ◽

The Right

Introduction: Considering the increasing prevalence of myopia and the subsequent complications, and due to the dearth of studies on the correlation between myopia and gender with corneal thickness in Iran, this study aimed to determine this relationship in patients admitted to the ophthalmic clinic of Vali-e-Asr Hospital, Birjand, Iran. Methods: This descriptive-analytic epidemiologic study was conducted on 100 patients admitted to Vali-e-Asr ophthalmic clinic in Birjand, Iran, for one year since January 2017. According to the degree of myopia, the patients were divided into three groups of low (0-3 D), moderate (3-6 D), and high myopia (6≤D). Corneal thickness was measured using Orbscan and Pentacam. The data were analyzed in SPSS software (Version 19) through ANOVA and T-test to determine the possible relationship between myopia and central corneal thickness. A p-value equal to and less than (P≤0.05) was considered statistically significant. Results: Overall, 100 patients (49 males and 51 females) were enrolled in this study. Moderate myopia had the highest frequency in both eyes. The results of the T-test revealed that no significant difference was observed in the mean corneal thickness measured by Pentacam between the two genders (P=0.18 in the right eye and P=0.32 in the left eye). Based on the ANOVA findings, the mean corneal thickness measured by Pentacam was not significantly different among the myopia categories (P=0.05 in the right eye and P=0.51 in the left eye) Conclusions: The study results revealed that there was no significant relationship between myopia and gender with corneal thickness.

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Perbedaan Rerata Kadar Profil Lipid pada Preeklampsia dengan Kehamilan Normal pada Etnik Minangkabau

Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas ◽

10.25077/jka.v5i1.438 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Helen Evelina Siringoringo ◽

Yusrawati Yusrawati ◽

Eva Chundrayetti

Keyword(s):

Lipid Profile ◽

Total Cholesterol ◽

Normal Pregnancy ◽

T Test ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference ◽

Cross Sectional Design

AbstrakPreeklampsia-eklampsia sampai saat ini masih merupakan disease of theory. Kelainan yang terjadi pada penyakit ini adalah disfungsi endotel yang dapat disebabkan oleh perubahan kadar profil lipid. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui perbedaan rerata kadar profil lipid pada preeklampsia dengan kehamilan normal pada etnik Minangkabau. Penelitian observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional ini dilakukan di RSUP dr. M. Djamil Padang, RS Reksodiwiryo Padang dan UPTD Laboratorium Kesehatan Daerah Sumatera Barat. Subjek terdiri dari 2 kelompok yang diambil secara consecutive sampling dengan jumlah masing-masing 27 orang. Pemeriksaan profil lipid dilakukan dengan metode kalorimetri. Analisis data dilakukan secara uji statistik independent t-test. Hasil penelitian diperoleh rerata kadar total kolesterol pada kelompok preeklampsia dan kehamilan normal adalah 270,19+68,955 mg/dL dan 247,56+44,415 mg/dL dengan nilai p=0,158, rerata kadar trigliserida pada kelompok preeklampsia dan kehamilan normal adalah 296,07±157,993 mg/dL dan 272,89±84,608 mg/dL dengan nilai p=0,504, rerata kadar HDL pada kelompok preeklampsia dan kehamilan normal adalah 51,93±19,882 mg/dL dan 63,33±11,222 mg/dL dengan nilai p=0,012, rerata kadar LDL pada kelompok preeklampsia dan kehamilan normal adalah 159±52,038 mg/dL dan 129,67±38,692 mg/dL dengan nilai p=0,023, rasio perbandingan LDL/HDL pada kelompok preeklampsia dan kehamilan normal adalah 3,86 dan 2,04. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan pada kedua kelompok tidak ada perbedaan kadar kolesterol total dan trigliserida, tetapi ada perbedaan kadar HDL dan LDL , rasio perbandingan LDL/HDL lebih tinggi pada preeklampsia daripada kehamilan normal.Kata kunci: preeklampsia, total kolesterol, trigliserida, HDL, LDL, etnik Minangkabau AbstractPreeclampsia-eklampsia still being a disease of theory. One of abnormality accured in preeclampsia is endothelial disfunction that is caused by changes in lipid profile. The objective of this study was to find out the difference of lipid profile mean level in preeclampsia and normal pregnancy at Minangkabau Ethnic. This was an observational study with cross-sectional design at dr. M.djamil Padang Hospital, dr Reksodiwiryo Hospital and UPTD regional health laboratory of West Sumatera. The subjects consist of two groups, choosen by consecutiteve sampling. Each group consist of 27 subjects. Lipid profile was examined by using independent calorimetric methode. The data analyzed statistically by independent t-test. The result of this study showed mean level of total cholesterol in preeclamsia and normal pregnancy were 270.19±68.955 mg/dL and 247.56±44.415 mg/dL with p-value 0.158. The mean levels of triglyceride in preeclampsia and normal pregnancy were 296.07±157.993 and 272.89±44.415 mg/dL with p-value 0.504. The mean level of HDL in preeclampsia and normal pregnancy were 51.93±19.882 mg/dL and 63.33 mg/dL p-value 0.012. The mean level of LDL in two groups were 159±52.038 mg/dL and 129.67±38.692 mg/dL with p-value 0.023 and the mean levels of LDL/HDL ratio were 3.86±3,09 mg/dLin preeclampsia and 2,08±0,64 in normal pregnancy. It can be concluded that there is no significant difference in total cholesterol and triglyseride between preeclampsia and normal in HDL and LDL and there is significant difference in LDL/HDL ratio between preeclampsia and normal pregnancy at Minangkabau Ethnic.Keywords: preeclampsia, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, LDL, Minangkabau Ethnic

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Diameter, Vessel Thickness and Angle of Bifurcation of the Radial Artery in Ethiopian Cadavers

Journal of Morphological Sciences ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1669905 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 35 (02) ◽

pp. 129-135

Author(s):

Dereje Getachew ◽

Ayalew Astatkie ◽

Kinfe Lemma

Keyword(s):

Radial Artery ◽

Wrist Joint ◽

Coronary Intervention ◽

T Test ◽

Basic Knowledge ◽

P Value ◽

Internal Diameter ◽

Adult Males ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean

Introduction The basic knowledge about the morphology, variation, diameter, and wall thickness of the radial artery is very important for clinicians to make precise decisions in matters such as performing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using catheterization. Materials and Methods This was a descriptive study involving the dissection of 78 upper limbs (39 right, 39 left) of the cadavers of 18 adult females and 21 adult males in the age range between 25 and 77 years old whose radial artery and its branches were exposed. The measurement of the radial artery was taken at its origin from the brachial artery at the cubital fossa and at the wrist joint. Results The mean ± standard deviation (SD) of the internal diameter of the right radial artery at the wrist joint was 2.79 ± 1.10 mm, and the mean ± (SD) of the internal diameter of the left radial artery at the wrist joint was 2.66 ± 0.94 mm. The paired samples t-test showed that this difference was not statistically significant (t-test [t] [degree of freedom (df) = 38] = 1.19; p-value = 0.24). The mean ± SD of the left internal diameter of the radial artery at the wrist joint was 2.56 ± 1.06 mm in males, and 2.77 ± 0.80 mm in females. This difference was also not statistically significant (t [df = 37] = -0.68; p = 0.12). There was also no significant difference in vessel thickness and in the bifurcation angle either between the left and right limbs or between genders. Conclusion The diameter of the radial artery in the Ethiopian population is comparable to that of other populations, and its size is adequate for the most commonly used radial catheters.

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PENINGKATAN KUALITAS HIDUP MELALUI LOGOTERAPI PADA KLIEN YANG MENJALANI HEMODIALISIS

Jurnal Keperawatan ◽

10.32583/keperawatan.v11i1.425 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 9-18

Author(s):

Abdul Wakhid ◽

Ana Puji Astuti ◽

Maya Kurnia Dewi

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Renal Failure ◽

Test Group ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

T Test ◽

P Value ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Post Test ◽

The Mean

Logoterapi merupakan terapi untuk menemukan makna positif dibalik sebuah kejadian yang tidak diharapkan. Logoterapi dilaksanakan secara individu maupun berkelompok dalam bentuk konseling dan berorientasi pada pencarian makna hidup individu. Tujuan logoterapi meningkatkan makna pengalaman hidup individu yang diarahkan kepada pengambilan keputusan yang bertanggung jawab. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan rancangan pre-experiment dengan metode pre and post test group, artinya pengumpulan data dilakukan terhadap responden untuk membandingkan kualitas hidup sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan intervensi. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode total sampling yaitu pengambilan seluruh sampel dengan tetap memperhatikan kriteria yang telah ditetapkan. Jumlah pasien yang menjalani hemodialisis di RSUD Ungaran sebanyak 21 orang dan di RSUD Ambarawa sebanyak 25 pasien. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji t test dependent. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa dari 46 responden didapatkan rata-rata skor kualitas hidup pasien yang mejalani hemodialisis sebesar 60.22 dengan skor terrendah 55 dan skor tertinggi 69. Bahwa dari 46 responden didapatkan rata-rata skor kualitas hidup pasien yang mejalani hemodialisis sebesar 88.72 dengan skor terrendah 79 dan skor tertinggi 103. Hasil uji statistik dengan uji t test dependent diketahui ada pengaruh logoterapi terhadap kemampuan memaknai hidup pada klien yang menjalani hemodialisis di RSUD Kabupaten Semarang (p value: 0,0001). Saran perlunya peningkatan kemampuan perawat dalam memberikan layanan kesehatan termasuk pemberian atau pemanduan penemuan makna hidup bagi pasien hemodialysis, agar selain dengan hemodialysis, ada faktor internal dari pasien yang dapat dijadikan sebagai motivasi untuk sembuh dari penyakit. Kata Kunci: Logoterapi, kualitas hidup IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS WITH RENAL FAILURE WHO UNDERWENT HEMODIALYSIS ABSTRACT Logotherapy is a therapy to discover the positive meaning behind an unexpected event. Logotherapy is carried out individually or in groups in the form of counseling and oriented to the search for the meaning of individual life. This study aims to improve the quality of life of patients with renal failure who underwent hemodialysis. This research was conducted by using pre-experiment with pre-post test study. The sampling technique was done by the convenience sampling. The number of patients undergoing hemodialysis as many as 46 respondents. Data analysis was done by using test t test dependent. The result showed that from 46 respondents got the mean of quality of life of patients who had hemodialysis 60.22 with lowest score 55 and highest score 69. Whereas from 46 respondents got the mean score of life quality of patients who had hemodialysis 88.72 with score the lowest score 79 and the highest score 103. The result of statistical test with t test dependent is known there is influence of logoterapi to the ability of meaningful life on client who undergo hemodialysis at Semarang Regency hospitals (p value: 0.0001). Advice on the need to improve the nurse's ability to provide health services, including the provision or guidance of the discovery of the meaning of life for hemodialysis patients, in addition to hemodialysis, there are internal factors of the patient that can be used as a motivation to recover from illness. Keywords: Logotherapy, quality of life, kidney failure.

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