Seasonal variation in trachoma prevalence among children, District Dera Ghazi Khan of Punjab, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Abdul Rehman Khokhar ◽  
Tehseen Iqbal ◽  
Mujahid Hussain ◽  
Qurrat-ul Ain Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Active Trachoma ◽  
Chi Square Test

Abstract Objective: The study objective was to estimate trachoma prevalence in relation to seasonal variation among children. Methods: Study Design was cross sectional and data was collected during all seasons of the year. After randomization of population units, 10% of them were identified by lottery and 5% of them were selected and examined for active trachoma case detection by simple random sampling technique. Total number of study participants were nine thousands seven hundred and ten (n=9710) from both urban and rural population units. The study was conducted during January –December 2018 during all three seasons of the year. After clinical examination, data was entered into a questionnaire Performa, which was used as tool for data collection. A Chi-square test was applied to compare trachoma cases among different seasons and among both boys and girls. Results: Maximum burden of disease (62.4%) was reported during spring and winter season. Both spring and winter seasons have six months duration. During summer season, 37.6% (n=70) cases were reported. A highly significant (<0.01) relationship was reported between summer and spring seasons and trachoma prevalence (p < 0.01). A high prevalence was noted among female children. Conclusion: Higher prevalence of active trachoma was noted during summer season. Keywords: trachoma, seasonal variation, children, Continuous...

scholarly journals Hubungan Pengetahuan dan Dukungan Keluarga dengan Perilaku Penyalahgunaan Napza di Kelas IIA Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Jambi

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 328
Author(s):  
Nel Efni
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Broken Home

The causes of drug abuse are complex due to the interaction of various factors, including individual factors such great curiosity to try and unknowingly or think long about the consequences later in life, environmental factors such as family problems or a broken home or social environment / community one even all members become abusers drug. This research is a quantitative research using Cross sectional design. The population in this study is the victim of drug abuse which amounted to 545 people and a total sample of 40 respondents using simple random sampling technique and the data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate by using the chi-square test. There is The relationship of knowledge and family support to the behavior of drug abuse in class IIA prison  Jambi. Expected to be used as inputs in the preparation of the program increased knowledge about the dangers of drugs.

scholarly journals Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Gejala Neurotoksik Akibat Paparan Pestisida Pada Petani Sayuran Di Kenagarian Alahan Panjang Kabupaten Solok

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aria Gusti
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vegetable Farmers ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Judul : Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Gejala Neurotoksik Akibat Paparan Pestisida Pada Petani Sayuran Di Kenagarian Alahan Panjang Kabupaten SolokLatar belakang: Sekitar 60% petani penyempro sayur di Kanagarian Alahan Panjang mempunyai riwayat gejala neurotoksik.. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan gejala gangguan syaraf pada petani penyemprot yang menggunakan pestisida di Kanagarian Alahan Panjang Kabupaten Solok.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan rancangan cross-sectional. Subyek penelitian sebanyak 75 responden. Penarikan sampel dilakukan secara random. Variabel yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini meliputi jenis pestisida, komposisi pestisida, pemakaian alat pelindung diri, dan gejala neurotoksik. Instrument penelitian menggunakan kuesioner Q18 versi Jerman. Analisis data menggunakan uji Chi-square pada taraf signifikasi 5%.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebanyak 62,7% petani penyemprot sayuran pernah mengalami gejala neurotoksik. Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan ada hubungan signifikan antara jumlah dan komposisi pestisida yang digunakan dengan gangguan neurotoksik pada petani sayuran (p-value <0,05). Sedang kebiasaan pemakaian alat pelindung diri tidak berpengaruh terhadap kejadian gangguan neorotoksin.  Simpulan: Jumlah dan komposisis pestisida berhubungan dengan gangguan neurotoksik pada petani sayuran di Kanagarian Alahan Kabupaten Solok. Petani sayur disarankan untuk memperhatian komposis pestidian dan tidak menggunakan secara berlebihan dalam menyemprot sayuran. AbstractTitle: Factors related with neurotoxic symptoms on pesticides exposed vegetable farmer in Kanagarian Alahan Panjang, Solok DistrictBackground: Around 60% of vegetable farmer sprayer in Kenagarian Alahan Panjang have experienced of the neurotoxic symptoms. The purpose of this study was to determine factors associated with neurotoxic symptoms on vegetable farmer sprayer with pesticide in Kenagarian Alahan Panjang Solok District in 2016. Method: Type of this research was quantitative using cross-sectional design. The sample were 75 respondents. Sampling using simple random sampling technique. Processing data using univariate and bivariate analysis with chi-square test. Results: The result of this research showed (62,7%) vegetable farmer sprayer have experienced of the neurotoxic symptoms. Bivariate analysis showed there were significant relationship (p<0,05) between pesticide composition and amount of pesticide with neurotoxic symptoms. There was no significant relationship between use of personal protective equipment with neurotoxic symptoms. Conclusion: The number and compostion of pesticides were factors which had associated significantly with neurotoxic symptoms. It was suggested to vegetable farmers to change organofosfat pesticide which was not dangerous to health like faction of pyrethroids. Vegetable farmers were suggested to use appliance protector of X’self completely when activity of mixing and application of pesticide.

scholarly journals Analisis Faktor Keteraturan Ibu dalam Menimbang Balita di Posyandu

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Florani Asanab ◽  
Ribka Limbu ◽  
Enjelita M. Ndoen
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Chi Square Test

Mothers’ regularity of weighing their children aged <5 yo at Posyandu is crucial to monitor the growth, nutritional status, and health of the children. Several factors could affect mothers’ regularity in weighing their children at Posyandu. This study aimed to identify factors affecting mothers to regularly measure the weight of their children <5 yo at Posyandu in Toobaun Village Kupang District. The study used an analytical survey with a cross-sectional study design. The sample was 57 mothers who had under-five children obtained by simple random sampling technique. Data were collected through interviews using questionnaires and analyzed using the chi-square test. The result showed that knowledge (p= 0,002) and distance home-posyandu (p=0,000) associated with mothers’ regularity of weighing their under-five children, while mother’s occupation had no association with mothers’ regularity of weighing their children( p=0,091). Health workers should encourage mothers to measure regularly the weight of their under-five children at Posyandu.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN PRE-MENOPAUSE DENGAN KEJADIAN HIERTENSI PADA WANITA DI RT 11 RW 05 KELURAHAN BANJARBENDO SIDOARJO

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farida Umamah ◽  
Aprillia Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Health Staff ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Analytic Design ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between pre-menopause women with incidence of hypertension in RT 11 RW 05 Banjarbendo village Sidoarjo. Menopause women have increasing blood pressure is higher than pre-menopause women, it caused by decreasing of hormonal levels. Initial data showed in February 2015 in RT 11 RW 05 Banjarbendo village was obtained 6 out of 10 women or 60% women had symptoms of hypertension in pre- menopause women. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between pre- menopause women with incidence of hypertension in RT 11 RW 05 Banjarbendo village Sidoarjo.It use analytic design, with cross sectional approach. The population were 61 women. The sample were 52 respondents taken by simple random sampling technique. The independent variable was the incidence of hypertension and the dependent variable was the incidence of pre-menopause. Data were collected by using check list. Analyzed by chi square test ( α = 0.05 ) . Study results showed almost all pre–menopause women and most women them had hypertension. Results test ρ = 0.001 < α = 0.05. so H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted . The conclusion of this study is there is relationship between Pre-menopause with incidence of hypertension In women In RT 11 RW 05 Banjarbendo village Sidoarjo. Suggested for women to understand and have knowledge about the signs of pre-menopause and the incidence of hypertension and Health staff to provide information to the women about the signs of pre-menopause and hypertension .

scholarly journals Gaya Hidup Berhubungan dengan Hipertensi

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-70
Author(s):  
Emdat Suprayitno ◽  
Sri Sumarni ◽  
Isqi Lailatul Islami
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
P Value ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Data Collection Technique ◽  
Analytic Design

Abstract Hypertension is a major problem as a risk factor for death in cardiovascular disease caused by genetic and lifestyle factors. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between hypertension and lifestyle in Poja Village, Gapura District. This study used a cross sectional analytic design. The population in this study were 73 people. The sampling technique was simple random sampling and data analysis used the Chi Square test, the data collection technique used online questionnaire forms (google forms). Chi square test results obtained P value = 0.001 <a (0.05), which means that there is a relationship between hypertension and lifestyle in Poja Village, Gapura District. Therefore it is important to always adopt a good and healthy lifestyle to prevent hypertension Keywords: Hypertension, lifestyle, the incidence of hypertension

scholarly journals Influence Of Demographic Factors And History Of Malaria With The Incidence Malaria In MORU PHC

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 338
Author(s):  
Sudirman Manumpa
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
History Of

Malaria morbidity in Moru health center, with parameter Annual Parasite Incident (API), amounted to 16.9% in 2014. This figure was still high when compared to the target of eliminating malaria in Indonesia about <1% in 2030. Incidence of malaria is more common in children aged 5 months - <12 years. This high rates of malaria leads to poverty, low level of learning achievement of children and in pregnant women causing low birth weight in babies and death. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors that influence the incidence of tertian and Tropikana malaria or combined Tropikana and tertian (mix) in Moru PHC in sub-district Alor Southwestern, Alor Regency.This study used a cross-sectional design, the population of study were all patients undergoing peripheral blood examination in Moru PHC’s laboratory from June to October 2015. The number of samples in this study was 173 respondents. The sampling technique was Simple Random Sampling. Instruments of data collection were a questionnaire and observation sheet.Results of the study by Chi-Square test showed that the factors influencing the incidence of malaria were socioeconomic status (sig 0,000), education level (sig 0.001). By using multivariate analysis with logistic regression test, results were obtained the age of 5 months - <12 value (sig 0.025) and socioeconomic status (sig 0,000) influencing the incidence of malaria.Variables that affect the incidence of malaria were demographic factors such as age, education level, socioeconomic status. It is advisable to harness swamp thus improving the economic status of society and build permanent house.Keywords: incidence malaria, demographic factors, history of malaria

scholarly journals Factors Related to Reducing The Use of Plastic Bags in Kabupaten Bekasi

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 547-562
Author(s):  
Ernyasih Ernyasih ◽  
Isnie Nurajizah Wijayanti
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Republic

The amount of waste in Indonesia in 2019 will reach 68 million tons and plastic waste is estimated to reach 9.52 million tons or 14 percent of the total existing waste. (Regional Representative Council of the Republic of Indonesia, 2017). In 2018 the total amount of waste in Bekasi Regency reached 152.3 tons per year. The composition of waste from plastic sources ranks first in the type of non-organic waste with a percentage of 9% (Bekasi Regency Environmental Service, 2018). Many impacts are caused by plastic bags on the environment, human health, and marine life. This study was conducted to determine the factors associated with reducing the use of plastic bags in the Bekasi Regency. The study design used was cross-sectional with primary data distributed through a questionnaire. A sample of 319 people, the retrieval is done by simple random sampling technique. Data analysis used chi square test (α = 0.05). Variables related to reducing the use of plastic bags are knowledge (p-value = 0.009 and OR = 0.465) and attitude (p-value = 0.038 and OR = 0.587). While the variables that were not related to the reduction in the use of plastic bags were age (p-value = 0.509), gender (p-value = 0.065), education (p-value = 0.667) and salary (p-value = 0.359). Factors that influence the reduction in the use of plastic bags in the Bekasi Regency are knowledge and attitudes. It is hoped that there will be an increase in the application of plastic bag costs in government policies regarding the plastic bag diet so that the use of plastic bags in the community can be minimized.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN ANCAMAN YANG DIRASAKAN DENGAN UPAYA MENCEGAH BAHAYA ROKOK BAGI KESEHATAN REMAJA DI DESA HUTARAJA KECAMATAN SIABU KABUPATEN MANDAILING NATAL TAHUN 2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-208
Author(s):  
Yetti Lusiani ◽  
Hasny Hasny ◽  
Sondang Sondang ◽  
Salwah Salwah
Keyword(s):  
Child Protection ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Smoking tends to be favored by men, including women. “89% of smokers are adolescences who are influenced by advertisement,” said the Secretary General of Child Protection, Arist Merdeka Sirait. The National Socio-Economic Survey in 2009 states that the highest adolescence group between 15 to 19 years old that smoke reaches to 63.7%.The research used analytic method with cross sectional  design.  The samples were 30 adolescences, taken by using simple random sampling technique. The data consisted of  primary and secondary data. Primary data were gathered by using questionnaires about the threat and effort to forestall the danger of smoking. The gathered data were analyzed by using univatriate analysis and bivatriate analysis with chi square statistic test. The result of the research showed that 22 respondents (73.3%) were threatened by the danger of smoking, and 8 respondents (26.7%) were not, while 8 respondents (26.7%) attempted to forestall the danger of smoking for dental health and 22 respondents (73.3%) did not.The result of chi square test showed that there was no significant correlation between the variable of threat and the variable of effort to forestall the danger of smoking for adolescences’ dental health (p = 3.55). The threat felt by adolescences did not influence their effort to forestall the danger of smoking for their dental health.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN REMAJA PUTRI TENTANG KESEHATAN REPRODUKSI DENGAN KECEMASAN DALAM MENGHADAPI PREMENSTRUASI SYNDROME

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
Sri Wulan ◽  
Basyariah Lubis ◽  
Novita Br Ginting Munthe ◽  
Iskandar Markus Sembiring ◽  
Rahmad Gurusinga
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Premenstrual Syndrome ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Year ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Premenstrual syndrome is a group of symptoms that occur in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle that cause disruption to a person's work and lifestyle. Premenstrual syndrome makes women unable to function normally and requires treatment. This situation causes a decrease in the quality of life of women, for example students who experience premenstrual syndrome cannot concentrate on learning and their motivation to learn decreases because of the pain they feel. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between knowledge of young women and anxiety when facing premenstrual syndrome. This type of research is analytic by using a cross-sectional design. The population in this study were all female students in grades VII and VIII at SMP Negeri 1 Merbau in the 2020-2021 school year with a total population of 147 students and the sample in this study was 67 students who were taken by simple random sampling technique. Data analysis with chi-square test. The results of the analysis show that there is a relationship between knowledge about reproductive health and anxiety in dealing with premenstrual syndrome with a p value of 0.000. It is recommended for health services to be able to hold counseling about premenstrual syndrome to increase the knowledge of young women about premenstrual syndrome.

scholarly journals Higiene Sanitasi dan Kejadian Infeksi Kecacingan pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Sondang Sidabutar
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
School Students ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Intestinal Worms ◽  
Raw Foods ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Background: Higiene sanitation is a factor that is closely related to Helminthiases infection. Purpose: this study was to determine how the occurrence of sanitary hygiene with helminthiases infection in the District elementary school students 0913152014 in District Raya Simalungun. Method: The type of research was descriptive analytic with cross sectional approach. The population in this study were students of class I to class VI (91 people). The sampling technique was simple random sampling (48). The instrument used in this study was a laboratory test and a questionnaire. The data obtained in this study were analyzed using Chi-square test. Result: Based on Chi-square analysis of the relationship between hygiene and sanitation with the incidence of intestinal worms found handwashing (X2 = 23), the habit of cutting the nails (X2 = 8.21), the habit of eating raw foods (X2 = 12.24), latrine ownership (X2 = 11:47), type of flooring (X2 = 6.13), and the availability of clean water (X2 = 0.0276). Conclusion: From the results of research and discussion, it could be concluded that there was a correlation with the incidence of worm infection habit of hand washing, nail cutting habit, the habit of eating raw foods, floor of the house and latrine ownership. Keywords: sanitation; hygiene; helminthiases; elementary students ABSTRAK Latarbelakang: Higiene sanitasi merupakan faktor yang sangat erat dengan infeksi kecacingan.Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui bagaimana higiene sanitasi dengan kejadian infeksi kecacingan pada siswa Sekolah Dasar 091315 Kecamatan Raya Kabupaten Simalungun. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah dekriptif analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi adalah siswa kelas I sampai kelas VI (91 orang). Teknik pengambilan sampel adalah simple random sampling (48). Instrumen yang digunakan adalah uji laboratorium dan kuesioner. Data yang diperoleh, dianalisis menggunakan rumus statistik uji Chi-square dengan t hitung (α = 0,05). Hasil: Berdasarkan analisis Chi-square hubungan antara higiene sanitasi dengan kejadian penyakit cacingan didapatkan kebiasaan mencuci tangan ( X2=23), kebiasaan memotong kuku (X2=8,21), kebiasaan mengkonsumsi makanan mentah (X2=12,24), kepemilikan jamban (X2=11.47), jenis lantai (X2=6.13), dan ketersediaan air bersih (X2=0.0276). Kesimpulan: ada hubungan kejadian infeksi kecacingan dengan kebiasaan mencuci tangan, kebiasaan memotong kuku, kebiasaan mengkonsumsi makanan mentah, lantai rumah dan kepemilikan jamban. Kata kunci: higiene; sanitasi; kecacingan; siswa SD

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