scholarly journals Separation of switchgrass seeds by aerodynamic properties as a way of quality improvement

Bioenergy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Dryha ◽  
V. A. Doronin ◽  
Yu. A. Kravchenko ◽  
V. V. Doronin
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Germination Energy ◽  
Aerodynamic Properties ◽  
Air Speed

The article presents the research results on the effect of seed separation (by aerodynamic properties) regime on germination energy and germination in order to reduce the biological dormancy of seeds and significantly improve the quality. Methods. Laboratory, measuring and weighing, mathematical and statistical. Results. With speed increasing in the aspiration column channel from 2.5 to 5.2 m/sec there was a slight change in the 1000-seed weight. There was not dependency in increase in the 1000-seed weight along with increasing air velocity.  Thus, if in the control the 1000-seed weight was 1.65 g, then at the maximum 5.2 m/sec air velocity in the aspiration channel it was 1.68 g (SSD0.05 = 0.10 g).  Germination energy and seed germination significantly increased in all separation modes except for the mode with 2.50 m/sec air velocity in the aspiration channel. The 1000-seed weight that fell into the waste naturally increased with increasing air velocity in the aspiration channel from 0.15 g to 0.40 g, and germination energy and seed similarity were at the level of 0−1%. Increasing the air speed to 7.87 m/sec provided a significant increase in seed germination energy and germination compared to the control and sorting of seeds at an air speed of 5.6 m/sec and 7.49 m/sec, and waste losses in waste increased by 28.0%. Conclusions. Separation of switchgrass seeds of different years of vegetation, collected from panicles of different tiers and maturation dates provided a significant increase in its germination energy and germination and can be introduced into production but it does not completely solve the problem of reducing the biological dormancy of seeds.

Optimization of a Biomass Micro-Gasification Process for the Production of Synthesis Gas From Palm Shell

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luz M. Ahumada ◽  
Arnaldo Verdeza ◽  
Antonio J. Bula
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Output Variable ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Palm Shell ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Air Speed

This paper studied, through an experiment design, the significance of particle size, air speed and reactor arrangement for palm shell micro-gasification process in order to optimize the heating value of the syngas obtained. The range of variables was 8 to 13 mm for particle size, 0.8–1.4m/s for air velocity, and updraft or downdraft for the reactor type. It was found that the particle size and air velocity factors were the most significant in the optimization of the output variable, syngas heating value. A heating value of 2.69MJ / Nm3 was obtained using a fixed bed downdraft reactor, with a particle size of 13 mm and 1.4 m/s for air speed; verification of the optimum point of operation under these conditions verified that these operating conditions favor the production of a gas with a high energy value.

scholarly journals Seed Germination Variation among Crop Years from a Pinus sylvestris Clonal Seed Orchard

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Melusi Rampart
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Thermal Time ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Germination Capacity ◽  
Seed Collection ◽  
Clonal Seed Orchard ◽  
The Mean

Maternal effects were assessed by germinating seeds sourced over multiple years from the same cloned mother trees, comparing germination capacity and rate between crop years. The relationships between climatic variables, seed characteristics and germination capacity were determined, and thermal time parameters were used to predict seed dormancy release and germination under the climatic conditions in the year after seed collection. There were significant differences in seed weight (P < 0.05), seed length and embryo occupancy (both P < 0.001) among crop years. Temperature during the seed development period explained 70% of the variation in seed weight and 63% of the variation in embryo occupancy. Germination capacity was significantly (P <0.001) different among crop years, among temperatures and among chilling durations, and thermal time requirements for germination increased from older (2007) to younger (2012) seeds. The mean base temperature without chilling was 7.1°C, while after chilling it was 4.6°C and 3.6°C for four and eight weeks chilling respectively. The mean thermal time to 50% germination without chilling was 135.1°Cd, while after chilling it was 118.3°Cd and 154.0°Cd for four and eight weeks chilling respectively. This experiment demonstrates that year-to-year differences in the environment experienced by mother trees during seed maturation can affect seed germination characteristics.

Effect of Three Desiccant Herbicides on Soybean (Glycine max) Seed Quality

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 484-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond F. Cerkauskas ◽  
Onkar D. Dhingra ◽  
James B. Sinclair ◽  
Stephen R. Foor
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Sodium Chlorate ◽  
Sodium Borate ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Seed Infection ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Combined Data

Soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] cultivars ‘UFV1’ and ‘UFV2’ grown at Viçosa and Florestal, Brazil, and ‘Bonus' and ‘Wells' at Urbana, Illinois, were sprayed at growth stages R5.5to R6(full-pod) or R7(50% defoliation) with the desiccant/herbicides glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine], paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion), or sodium chlorate:sodium borate (50:50, w/v). Desiccation of plants by paraquat significantly reduced seed weight and germination at all locations and increased the incidence ofAlternariaandPhomopsisspp. at Urbana. Analysis of the combined data from the Brazilian locations showed a significant decrease in seed germination for all treatments except paraquat sprayed on the UFV2at R7and sodium chlorate: sodium borate sprayed on UFV1at R7. Herbicide application at R7did not result in consistent increases in seedborneFusariumorPhomopsisspp. at any Brazilian location. Rainfall and temperature at seed maturation were more important variables in pod-to-seed infection by these fungi than increased rates of tissue senescence caused by the desiccants.

WindSonic – a new ultrasonic anemometer

Sensor Review ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Stock
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Operating Principle ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Vector Measurement ◽  
Ultrasonic Technology ◽  
Ultrasonic Anemometer ◽  
Air Speed

Describes the developments of a small, robust ultrasonic wind speed and direction indicator. Gill’s patented ultrasonic technology is based on the time‐of‐flight operating principle, which provides vector measurement of air velocity, given the dimensions and geometry of pairs of transducers. In this case, two pairs of transducers are used such that the air velocity can be derived along orthogonal axes and hence the air speed and direction can be computed.

Numerical Simulation of the Tunnel Oven with Fluent Software

2011 ◽  
Vol 399-401 ◽  
pp. 1856-1861
Author(s):  
Ming Wei Wan ◽  
Suo Huai Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Laminar Flow ◽  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Negative Pressure ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Speed Range ◽  
Fluent Software ◽  
Air Speed

After the model of sterilization area was established, numerical simulate was completed with fluent software. Verified with certain conditions of hot air velocity, the laminar flow tunnel oven is able to meet the relevant requirements of GMP. Under different speeds of hot air, the tunnel oven vials’ relationship between temperature and time, combined with analysis of pressure distribution inside the oven. When the air speed range from 0.6m/s to 1.5m/s, the temperature of vials meet the requirements and the minimum effect of negative pressure to oven.

CFD Investigation for Indoor Environment of a District Standard Room in Jinan City

2014 ◽  
Vol 548-549 ◽  
pp. 1706-1711
Author(s):  
Dong Yang ◽  
Qing Mei Wen ◽  
Cong Ju Zhang ◽  
Xue Ting Liu ◽  
Shi Jun Wei
Keyword(s):  
Composite System ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Displacement Ventilation ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Vertical Temperature ◽  
Airflow Velocity ◽  
Indoor Airflow ◽  
Radiant Cooling ◽  
Air Speed

This paper introduces the principle and characteristics of roof radiant cooling and displacement ventilation system, using numerical simulation method, the indoor airflow velocity and temperature field of the typical bedroom which uses the composite system in Ji'nan City under the different supply air velocity was calculated. The experimental results show that when the air temperature is 295.15K, to keep the indoor vertical temperature less than 3 °C, air speed should be greater than 0.1m/s and less than or equal to 0.3m/s, to provide reference for the application of roof radiant cooling and displacement ventilation system.

scholarly journals Pengaruh variasi kecepatan udara dan massa bahan terhadap waktu pengeringan jagung pada alat fluidized bed

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Syahrul ◽  
R. Romdhani ◽  
Mirmanto Mirmanto
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Air Speed ◽  
Maximum Moisture Content

Indonesia is an agricultural country that has many agricultural products so that post-harvest handling is necessary so that the crop is not quickly broken when stored or distributed. One harvests in Indonesia, which require post-harvest handling such as corn. Based on SNI, the maximum moisture content of corn feed raw material has a moisture content of 14%. The water content of the corn used is 20% with a tolerance of ± 0.5%. Variations air speed used is 5 m /s, 6 m /s and 7 m /s with a variation of the mass of material that is 0.5 kg, 1 kg, and 1.5 kg. With the variation of air velocity and mass of the material showed that the higher the speed of the air, the faster drying time. In addition, the heavier material is drained, it will take longer. Variations of air velocity and mass of materials that require the fastest drying time is the air speed of 7 m /s with a mass of 0.5 kg. Variations of air velocity and mass of material that takes the longest drying air is at a speed of 5 m / s with a mass of 1.5 kg of material.

scholarly journals BIOLOGY OF SEEDS OF REPRESENTATIVES OF GENUS HYDRANGEA L. IN THE SOUTH URAL BOTANICAL GARDEN (UFA)

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
F. K. Murzabulatova ◽  
◽  
N. V. Polyakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Maximum Weight ◽  
The South ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Germination Energy

The morphology and sowing qualities of 7 types of hydrangea from the collection of the South Ural Bo-tanical Garden-Institute of the UFIC RAS were studied. The studies were carried out according to stand-ard methods. Is determined the mass of 1000 pieces seeds of each species, seed quality (germination en-ergy and germination in laboratory and soil conditions), the nature of seed germination, as well as their sowing qualities after different storage periods. It was found that the representatives of the Heteromallae subsection are characterized by heavier and larger seeds (the maximum weight of 1000 pieces of seeds is 0.06-0.09 g) compared with the representatives of the Americanae subsection (weight of 1000 pieces is 0.02 g). In addition, representatives of the Heteromallae subsection, with the exception of H. paniculata, showed consistently high rates of germination (72.3-85.8%) and germination energy (63.3-78.1%) under laboratory conditions; with soil sowing, these indicators are also significantly higher than that of repre-sentatives of the Americanae subsection.

scholarly journals The effect of herbicides on the yield structure elements and the productivity of oil flax

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00028
Author(s):  
Alexander S. Bushnev ◽  
Gennady I. Orekhov ◽  
Sergei P. Podlesny ◽  
Yulia V. Mamyrko
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Bulk Weight ◽  
Leached Chernozem ◽  
Yield Structure ◽  
Manual Weeding ◽  
Western Ciscaucasia ◽  
Thousand Seed Weight

The article provides the research results concerning the effect of antidicotyledonous herbicide Sekator Turbo, OD (a.i. amidosulfuron + iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium + mefenpyr-diethyl) in a tank mixture with various graminicides Quickstep, FEM (a.i. clethodim + haloxyfop-P-methyl), Bagheera, EC (a.i. quizalofop-P-tefuryl), Fuzilad Forte, EC (a.i. fluazifop-P-butyl), Miura, EC (a.i. quizalofop-P-ethyl), and Zellek-super, EC (a.i. haloxyfop-P-methyl) on the yield structure elements and the productivity of lowlinolenic (Nilin) and linolenic (FLIZ) varieties of oil flax on leached chernozem of the Western Ciscaucasia. We have found that the treatment of sowings with herbicides did not have a significant effect on the yield structure elements (thousand-seed weight and bulk weight of seeds). The treatment of sowings of the variety Nilin with the composition of Sekator Turbo + Bagheera or Sekator Turbo + Miura, and the variety FLIZ with Sekator Turbo + Bagheera, Sekator Turbo + Quickstep, Sekator Turbo + Fuzilad Forte, Sekator Turbo + Miura contributes to the receiving of oil flax yield at the level of the control with manual weeding. Tank mixtures of Sekator Turbo + Bagheera, Sekator Turbo + Miura decreased the oil content of seeds of the variety Nilin by 0.5 %. The application of herbicides Sekator Turbo, OD (0.1 l/ha) + Bagheera, EC (1.5 l/ha) provided the highest oil yield of the variety Nilin – 0.34 t/ha, and of the variety FLIZ – 0.54 t/ha. The composition of Sekator Turbo + Zellek-super led to a significant decrease in the productivity and oil content of seeds of the variety FLIZ – by 0.15 t/ha and 0.6 %, respectively.

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