scholarly journals Nasopharyngeal Carriage of Staphylococcus aureus among Horses and Horse Handlers in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-200
Author(s):  
M. I. Sanda ◽  
◽  
A. M. Idris
Keyword(s):  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Invasive Infection ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Carriage ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Cross Transmission ◽  
Antibiotics Susceptibility ◽  
Staphylococcal Aureus ◽  
Keywords Antibiotics

Staphylococcal species are important opportunistic bacterial pathogens that can asymptomatically colonize both human and animals bodies. The presence of nasopharyngeal carriage Staphylococci has been an increased risk factor of acquiring an infection with this pathogen. The present study aimed at determining the nasopharyngeal carriage of Staphylococcal aureus in horses and horse handlers in Kano metropolis, Nigeria. One hundred and sixty (160) non-duplicated nasopharyngeal samples were collected using sterile swab stick from each horse and 100 from consented horse handlers. All the samples were analyzed using a standard bacteriological procedure. Antibiotics susceptibility testing to eight (8) most commonly used antibiotics was carried out using a modified Kirby Bauer method. One hundred and forty-two (88.8%) staphylococcal isolates were recovered from horses and 84 (84.0%) from horse handlers. Among all the isolated staphylococci high sensitivity was observed in response to Gentamycin and Ciprofloxacin antibiotics, while Tetracycline was found to have the least activity. The report of this study showed a high prevalence of Staphylococci among horses and horse handlers. Moreover, it confirmed the tendency of Staphylococcal isolates cross-transmission between horses and handlers in the study site. This study indicated the importance of increase in handler's awareness of possible risk factors of staphylococcal colonization that can lead to invasive infection. Keywords: Antibiotics, Horses, Horse Handlers, Nasopharyngeal, Staphylococci

Features of Thrombi and Diagnostic Accuracy of Impedance Plethysmography in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Deep Vein Thrombosis

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (02) ◽  
pp. 266-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giancarlo Agnelli ◽  
Benilde Cosmi ◽  
Stefano Radicchia ◽  
Franca Veschi ◽  
Enrico Boschetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Impedance Plethysmography ◽  
Surveillance Programme ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Deep Vein

SummaryImpedance plethysmography (IPG) has high sensitivity and specificity in patients with symptomatic deep vein thrombosis (DVT) while it fails to detect asymptomatic DVT. The aim of this study was to determine whether the features of thrombi such as location, size and occlusiveness could explain the different accuracy of IPG in symptomatic and asymptomatic DVT patients. One-hundred and seventeen consecutive outpatients with a clinical suspicion of DVT and 246 consecutive patients undergoing hip surgery were admitted to the study. In symptomatic patients IPG was performed on the day of referral, followed by venography, while in asymptomatic patients IPG was performed as a surveillance programme, followed by bilateral venography.A venography proved DVT was observed in 37% of the symptomatic patients and 34% of the asymptomatic limbs. A significantly higher proportion of proximal DVTs was found in symptomatic patients than in asymptomatic patients (78% vs 46%; p = 0.001). The mean Marder score, taken as an index of thrombus size, was significantly higher in symptomatic patients than in asymptomatic patients (19.0 vs 9.6; p = 0.0001). A significantly higher proportion of occlusive DVTs was observed in symptomatic than in asymptomatic patients (69% vs 36%; p = 0.001).We conclude that the unsatisfactory diagnostic accuracy of IPG in asymptomatic DVT is due to the high prevalence of distal, small and non occlusive thrombi. Such thrombi are unlikely to cause a critical obstruction of the venous outflow and therefore to produce a positive IPG.

scholarly journals High prevalence of qnrA and qnrB genes among fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from a tertiary hospital in Southern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chibuzor M. Nsofor ◽  
Mirabeau Y. Tattfeng ◽  
Chijioke A. Nsofor
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Diffusion Technique ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of qnr genes among fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli (FREC) isolates from Nigeria. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disc diffusion technique. Polymerase chain reaction was used to identify Escherichia coli (E. coli) and for the detection of qnr genes. Results A total of 206 non-duplicate E. coli were isolated from 300 clinical specimens analyzed. In all, 30 (14.6%) of these isolates were FREC; the resistance to fluoroquinolones among these 30 FREC showed 80% (24), 86.7% (26), 86.7% (26), 100% (30), 86.7% (26), 93.3% (28) and 86.7% (26) were resistant to pefloxacin, ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin, levofloxacin, nalidixic acid, ofloxacin and moxifloxacin, respectively. The distribution of FREC among the various sample sources analyzed showed that 14%, 10%, 13.3%, 16.7% and 20% of the isolates came from urine, stool, high vaginal swab, endo cervical swab and wound swab specimens, respectively. More FREC were isolated from female samples 73.3% (22) compared to male samples 26.7% (8) and were more prevalent among the age group 26–35 years (40%). Twenty eight out of the 30 (93.3%) FREC isolates possessed at least one fluoroquinolone resistance gene in the form of qnrA 10 (33.3%) and qnrB 18 (60%), respectively; qnrS was not detected among the FREC isolates analyzed and 13.5% of the isolates possessed both the qnrA and qnrB genes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these isolates were genetically diverse. Conclusions These findings suggest a possible resistance to fluoroquinolone is of high interest for better management of patients and control of antimicrobial resistance in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in pre-pubertal children with psoriasis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Caroppo ◽  
Alfonso Galderisi ◽  
Laura Ventura ◽  
Anna Belloni Fortina
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Single Center ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostatic Model

AbstractPsoriasis in adults is associated with an increased risk of metabolic disease. Various cardiometabolic comorbidities have been reported in childhood psoriasis, but only a few studies have analyzed the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. We performed a single-center prospective study investigating the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in children with psoriasis. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was evaluated in 60 pre-pubertal children with psoriasis (age: 3–10 years), accordingly to recently established criteria for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome in children. Insulin resistance was considered altered when the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR) for insulin resistance was ≥ 90th sex- and age-specific percentile and HOMA 2-IR was > 1.8. Eighteen (30%) children with psoriasis were found to have metabolic syndrome. Sixteen (27%) children were found to have insulin resistance.Conclusion: Our data underline the importance of assessing metabolic syndrome not only in adults and adolescents but also in young children with psoriasis. What is Known:• Psoriasis in adults is strongly associated with metabolic disease and insulin resistance.• Very limited data are available on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in pre-pubertal children with psoriasis. What is New:• This study reports that in pre-pubertal children with psoriasis, there is a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance.• In children with psoriasis metabolic syndrome risk factors should be assessed.

scholarly journals Ultrasonographic Evaluation of the Shoulders and Its Associations with Shoulder Pain, Age, and Swim Training in Masters Swimmers

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Yuta Suzuki ◽  
Noriaki Maeda ◽  
Junpei Sasadai ◽  
Kazuki Kaneda ◽  
Taizan Shirakawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rotator Cuff ◽  
Shoulder Pain ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Partial Tear ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Long Head ◽  
Competitive Swimmers ◽  
Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy

Background and objectives: The long head of the biceps (LHB) and rotator cuff tendinopathy is the major cause of shoulder pain in competitive swimmers. The risk of tendinopathy increases with aging; however, the structural changes of LHB and rotator cuff in populations of masters swimmers have not been well examined. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of ultrasonographic abnormalities of the shoulders in masters swimmers, and the association of pain, age, and swim training with structural changes in this population. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 subjects participated in this study, with 20 masters swimmers with shoulder pain, 20 asymptomatic masters swimmers, and 20 sex- and age-matched controls. All swimmers completed a self-reported questionnaire for shoulder pain, their history of competition, and training volume. Each subject underwent ultrasonographic examination of both shoulders for pathologic findings in the LHB tendon, rotator cuff (supraspinatus (SSP) and subscapularis (SSC)) tendons, and subacromial bursa (SAB) of both shoulders and had thickness measured. Results: The prevalence of tendinosis (LHB, 48.8%; SSP, 17.5%; SSC, 15.9%), partial tear (SSP, 35.0%), and calcification (SSC, 10.0%) were higher in swimmers than in controls. LHB and SSP tendinosis were associated with shoulder pain. Older age and later start of competition were associated with an increased risk of LHB tendinosis and SSC calcification. Earlier initiation of swimming and longer history of competition were associated with an increased risk of SSP and SSC tendinosis. The thicker SSP tendon significantly increased the risk of tendinosis and partial tear. Conclusions: A high prevalence of structural changes in the rotator cuff and biceps tendons in masters swimmers reflects the effect of shoulder symptoms, aging, and swim training.

Prevalence of comorbidities and evaluation of their screening in spondyloarthritis: results of the international cross-sectional ASAS-COMOSPA study

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 1016-1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Moltó ◽  
Adrien Etcheto ◽  
Désirée van der Heijde ◽  
Robert Landewé ◽  
Filip van den Bosch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gastroduodenal Ulcer ◽  
International Study ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Unknown Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Cholesterol Measurement

BackgroundIncreased risk of some comorbidities has been reported in spondyloarthritis (SpA). Recommendations for detection/management of some of these comorbidities have been proposed, and it is known that a gap exists between these and their implementation in practice.ObjectiveTo evaluate (1) the prevalence of comorbidities and risk factors in different countries worldwide, (2) the gap between available recommendations and daily practice for management of these comorbidities and (3) the prevalence of previously unknown risk factors detected as a result of the present initiative.MethodsCross-sectional international study with 22 participating countries (from four continents), including 3984 patients with SpA according to the rheumatologist.Statistical analysisThe prevalence of comorbidities (cardiovascular, infection, cancer, osteoporosis and gastrointestinal) and risk factors; percentage of patients optimally monitored for comorbidities according to available recommendations and percentage of patients for whom a risk factor was detected due to this study.ResultsThe most frequent comorbidities were osteoporosis (13%) and gastroduodenal ulcer (11%). The most frequent risk factors were hypertension (34%), smoking (29%) and hypercholesterolaemia (27%). Substantial intercountry variability was observed for screening of comorbidities (eg, for LDL cholesterol measurement: from 8% (Taiwan) to 98% (Germany)). Systematic evaluation (eg, blood pressure (BP), cholesterol) during this study unveiled previously unknown risk factors (eg, elevated BP (14%)), emphasising the suboptimal monitoring of comorbidities.ConclusionsA high prevalence of comorbidities in SpA has been shown. Rigorous application of systematic evaluation of comorbidities may permit earlier detection, which may ultimately result in an improved outcome of patients with SpA.

scholarly journals Generalized joint hypermobility, scoliosis, patellofemoral pain, and physical abilities in young dancers

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nili Steinberg ◽  
Shay Tenenbaum ◽  
Aviva Zeev ◽  
Michal Pantanowitz ◽  
Gordon Waddington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Postural Balance ◽  
Patellofemoral Pain ◽  
Joint Hypermobility ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Young Girls ◽  
Generalized Joint Hypermobility ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Physical Abilities

Abstract Background Many young girls with generalized joint hypermobility (GJH) choose to participate in dance because their bodies are suited for this activity. Scoliosis tends to occur often in thin girls, who also are more likely to choose dance. Both anomalies (GJH and scoliosis) may be related to reduced abilities such as diminished strength and insufficient postural balance, with increased risk for musculoskeletal conditions. The main objectives of the present study were to determine the prevalence of dancers with GJH, the prevalence of dancers with scoliosis, and the prevalence of dancers with these two anomalies; and, to determine differences in physical abilities and the presence of patellofemoral pain (PFP) between young female dancers with and without such anomalies. Methods One hundred thirty-two female dancers, aged 12–14 years, were assessed for anthropometric parameters, GJH, scoliosis, knee muscle strength, postural balance, proprioception ability, and PFP. Results GJH was identified in 54 dancers (40.9%) and scoliosis in 38 dancers (28.8%). Significant differences were found in the proportion of dancers with no anomalies (74 dancers, 56.1%) and dancers with both anomalies (34 dancers, 25.8%) (p < .001). Dancers with both anomalies had reduced dynamic postural balance in the anterior direction (p = .023), reduced proprioception ability (p < .001), and weaker knee extensors (p = .036) and flexors (p = .040) compared with dancers with no anomalies. Among dancers with both anomalies, 73.5% suffered bilateral PFP, 17.6% suffered unilateral PFP, and 8.8% had no PFP (p < .001). Conclusions A high prevalence of young girls participating in dance classes had GJH, as the increased joint flexibility probably provides them with some esthetic advantages. The high prevalence of scoliosis found in these young dancers might be attributed to their relatively low body mass, their delayed maturation, and the selection process of dancers. Dancers with both GJH and scoliosis had decreased muscle strength, reduced postural balance, reduced proprioception, with higher risk of PFP. The main clinical implications are the need to reduce the risk of PFP among dancers by developing appropriate strength and stabilizing exercises combined with proprioceptive and postural balance training, to improve the correct alignment of the hyperextended and hypermobile joints, and to improve their supporting muscle strength.

scholarly journals Association between Inflammatory Conditions and Alzheimer’s Disease Age of Onset in Down Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 3116
Author(s):  
Florence Lai ◽  
Nathaniel Mercaldo ◽  
Cassandra M. Wang ◽  
Giovi G. Hersch ◽  
Herminia Diana Rosas
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Autoimmune Conditions ◽  
B12 Deficiency ◽  
The Relationship

Adults with Down syndrome (DS) have an exceptionally high prevalence of Alzheimer disease (AD), with an earlier age of onset compared with the neurotypical population. In addition to beta amyloid, immunological processes involved in neuroinflammation and in peripheral inflammatory/autoimmune conditions are thought to play important roles in the pathophysiology of AD. Individuals with DS also have a high prevalence of autoimmune/inflammatory conditions which may contribute to an increased risk of early AD onset, but this has not been studied. Given the wide range in the age of AD onset in those with DS, we sought to evaluate the relationship between the presence of inflammatory conditions and the age of AD onset. We performed a retrospective study on 339 adults with DS, 125 who were cognitively stable (CS) and 214 with a diagnosis of AD. Data were available for six autoimmune conditions (alopecia, celiac disease, hypothyroidism, psoriasis, diabetes and vitamin B12 deficiency) and for one inflammatory condition, gout. Gout was associated with a significant delay in the age of AD onset by more than 2.5 years. Our data suggests that inflammatory conditions may play a role in the age of AD onset in DS. Further studies are warranted.

Vroegtijdige opsporing van voorstadia van een anaal carcinoom bij hiv-seropositieve patiënten

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. GÖKCE ◽  
J. GELDOF ◽  
P. ROELANDT ◽  
J. VAN DORPE ◽  
S. CALLENS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anal Cancer ◽  
Digital Rectal Examination ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Hiv Seropositive

Early detection of precursor lesions of anal cancer in HIV-seropositive patients Although anal cancer is rare in the overall population, its incidence is increasing in the last decades. Especially HIV-seropositive patients have an increased risk of developing anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), mainly because of the high prevalence of high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) among these patients. High-grade AIN is a precursor lesion for anal SCC associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Despite the lack of direct evidence demonstrating that AIN identification reduces the risk of anal cancer, experts think that screening and treatment of high-risk patients will prevent the disease. This article aims to review the current literature about AIN and discusses the screening options, including digital rectal examination, anal cytology and high-resolution anoscopy.

Abstract 79: Troponin T, NT-proBNP, and Incidence of Stroke: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study

Stroke ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron R Folsom ◽  
Vijay Nambi ◽  
Elizabeth J Bell ◽  
Oludamilola W Oluleye ◽  
Rebecca F Gottesman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
General Population ◽  
Troponin T ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Cardioembolic Stroke ◽  
Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Atherosclerosis Risk ◽  
Aric Study

Increased levels of plasma troponins and natriuretic peptides in the general population are associated with increased future risk of cardiovascular disease, but only limited information exists on these biomarkers and stroke occurrence. In a prospective epidemiological study, the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study, we tested the hypothesis that high-sensitivity troponin T (TnT) and N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) are associated positively with incidence of stroke. We measured plasma high-sensitivity TnT and NT-proBNP in 10,902 men or women initially free of stroke and followed them for a mean of 11.3 years for stroke occurrence (n=507). Analyses were performed using proportional hazards modeling. Both biomarkers were associated positively with total stroke, nonlacunar ischemic, and especially, cardioembolic stroke, but not with lacunar or hemorrhagic stroke. After adjustment for other stroke risk factors, the hazard ratio (95% CI) per one SD greater increment of natural log-transformed TnT was 1.23 (1.13, 1.35) for total stroke, 1.27 (1.15, 1.40) for total ischemic stroke, and 1.36 (1.14, 1.62) for cardioembolic stroke. Likewise, the hazard ratio per one SD greater natural log-transformed NT-proBNP, was 1.37 (1.26, 1.49) for total stroke, 1.39 (1.27, 1.53) for total ischemic stroke, and 1.95 (1.67, 2.28) for cardioembolic stroke. The hazard ratios for jointly high values of TnT (≥0.013 ug/L) and NT-proBNP (≥155.2 pg/mL), versus neither biomarker high, were 2.70 (1.92, 3.79) for total stroke and 6.26 (3.40, 11.5) for cardioembolic stroke, and somewhat stronger for NT-proBNP than TnT. Strikingly, approximately 58% of cardioembolic strokes occurred in the highest quintile of pre-stroke NT-proBNP (versus 3% occurring in the lowest quintile), and 32% of cardioembolic strokes occurred in participants who had both NT-proBNP in the highest quintile and were known by ARIC to have atrial fibrillation sometime before their cardioembolic stroke occurrence. In conclusion, in the general population, elevated plasma TnT and NT-proBNP concentrations are associated with increased risk of cardioembolic and other nonlacunar ischemic strokes.

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