scholarly journals Rural areas of the EU and the influence of globalization on the youth unemployment issue

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 689-696
Author(s):  
Tamar Pkhakadze
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
The State ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Economic Developments ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
The Eu

To speak about the framework of youth unemployment, there is a strong correlation between the economic performance of the state, the general unemployment rate, and the youth unemployment rate. Most important for the states to improve statistics are to work on economic performance and create better possibilities for the young population of society. The growing economic environment will have a positive effect on the unemployment rate in the short run, but it still tends to be the most important issue of states. Besides, policies might concentrate on developing the areas that will bring into the scale a high potential of employment growth. As an example, we can bring the area of tourism, social services, environmental management, etc. which will be more attractive to young people and will have more potential to get employed. It is obvious, that to develop in the framework of unemployment and especially to concentrate on the youth generation of society, the country needs a full package of economic developments. Youth unemployment is directly linked to the general and broader development stages of the state. Another issue that we have not tackled so far is the unemployment of youth in rural areas.

scholarly journals Sytuacja na rynku pracy na obszarach wiejskich państw Unii Europejskiej

2017 ◽  
Vol 17(32) (2) ◽  
pp. 176-185
Author(s):  
Luiza Ossowska ◽  
Dorota Janiszewska
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Active Population ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Group 15

The main objective of this article is to discuss the diversity of European Union countries based on selected indicators of labour market in rural areas. Presented data come from 2015 (in comparison with 2013). The analysis was conducted using the cluster analysis. The following diagnostic features were used for the analysis: employment persons as a share of total 20-64 y. o. population, unemployment rate for the age group 15-74 in total active population, youth unemployment rate for the age group 15-24 in total active population and labour productivity. As a result of the cluster analysis examined regions were divided into five groups.

scholarly journals MANAGEMENT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF TERRITORIES IN CONDITIONS OF DECENTRALIZATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
Anatolii Viremeichyk ◽  
Olha Ruban
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Community Participation ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Central Government ◽  
The State ◽  
Balanced Development ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Distribution Of Power ◽  
The Eu

Introduction. Most developing countries are still struggling for the efficient use of their resources. To overcome the physical and administrative development restrictions, it is necessary to transfer the powers of the central government to local authorities. The distribution of power from improves the management of resources and community participation, which is considered key to sustainable development. For Ukraine, the development of territories is one of the key issues of public administration, especially in conditions of decentralization. This is especially true of rural areas in view of the need to solve their socio-economic problems. Proponents of decentralization argue that the decentralized government is a source of improvement of community participation in the development of rural areas. Goal – to study the state of development of rural areas in Ukraine, the EU, to identify peculiarities and generalize the directions of diversification in order to increase the efficiency of not only agricultural production, but also the social profile of rural territory. Method (methodology). The research methodology is formed on the basis of evaluation of statistical data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine (2017-2019) regarding the state of development of rural areas in Ukraine. Within the study, problems are identified as low efficiency of state support, and decline in rural areas. In the process of scientific search applied comparative, structural research methods. The results. It is noted that the main attention in public administration should be given to rural territories. It is determined that their development depends precisely from the effective functioning of agrarian enterprises, in particular the farms of the population, in particular farmers, that is, areas of agrarian management as a whole. An analysis of the state of development of rural areas is carried out. Particular attention is paid to the features of rural territories, the normative settlement of decentralization in Ukraine and the main tasks of diversification, which are expedient to implement. It was revealed that Ukraine, seeking to be part of the EU should provide balanced development, in particular rural areas. Supernational support within the EU's efficiency of agriculture is analyzed. Despite the issues with the implementation, it is concluded that decentralization will change the existing policy of rural development in Ukraine as a result of changing the role of united territorial communities and the formation of such a development strategy, which will combine decentralization and economical and social development.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
Maya Lambovska ◽  
Boguslava Sardinha ◽  
Jaroslav Belas, Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
European Union ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Young People ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
The Eu

Youth unemployment is a problem in each member country of the European Union (EU). The EU seeks to alleviate this problem by implementing various programs to support young people in finding and keeping a job, thus contributing to economic growth. In 2020, the world was hit by the COVID-19 pandemic. The countries have introduced many strict measures to prevent its spread, but they have caused a significant increase in unemployment, including among young people, and thus harmed economic growth. In this paper, we analyze the unemployment of people under the age of twenty-five in the EU. We also point out how unemployment rates have increased in individual countries. This problem concerns not only countries where the youth unemployment rate had been high already, such as Greece, Spain, and Italy, but also countries with previously lower rates, for example, the Czech Republic, Netherland, Poland, and Slovenia. In the latter group of countries, the youth unemployment rate has doubled in some cases due to anti-pandemic measures. We found that the most affected countries in this regard are the aforementioned Czech Republic, where the unemployment rate at the end of 2020 rose to 2.19 times above the level at the end of 2019, and Estonia, where year-over-year youth unemployment rose by a factor of 2.5. However, unfavorable developments occurred also in Lithuania, Latvia, and Ireland. According to our results, in 2020, youth unemployment increased the least in Hungary, Italy, and Belgium. In general, however, as the situation is now much more urgent, measures to alleviate this problem need to be put in place in each country to help young people find employment and, thus, stimulate economic growth.

considerable advantages, too, for the spread of producer co-operatives. In addition, while bypassing the obstacle posed by economic fragmentation, such investments would nevertheless be attacking it, thus raising the degree of economic integration. No doubt, these investments would require industrial inputs at a higher level than before and the financing of this might imply that the planners have to give up some of the surplus extracted from the agricultural sector for use by it within its boundaries. In our opinion, this approach provides the basis for achieving high growth targets in the medium term without compromising on the distributional front at the class, sector, or regional levels. Two qualifications need to be registered. First, this does not imply that the DTYP target of y = 7.5 per cent per annum becomes feasible in this strategy. Even in Case A, the argument was only partly that it was probably not achievable; rather, that achieving it with n = 3.5 per cent would almost certainly lead to a vicious inflationary spiral, thereby worsening income distribution. In Case B, the burden of financing would be shared in an egalitarian manner through the rationing system but its average level would not be any different. What is being argued is that, first, for any given n, y* (C) > y* (A, B), and second, the rate of growth of n would be substantially greater over time in Case C than in Case A or B. Thus, Case C could be viewed as laying the basis for an eventual second phase of an industrialisation drive of the type now being proposed, in our view, prematurely. Second, it is probable that under Case C, rural foodgrain consumption would rise in the short run. In this strategy, too, state farms would play a crucial part in the transitional phase and beyond. It is necessary therefore to assist them in achieving efficiency quickly, and to overcome the problems of haphazard location and early growth. A period of consolidation might be necessary prior to any further expansion on any large scale. Finally, we need to turn our focus to the problems of urban poverty and unemployment which are not directly handled in any of the three cases. A separate policy component is therefore called for. A two-pronged approach is necessary. The first of these is to ensure that all low-income earners are covered by the urban rationing system. In the present context, this would require extending the coverage to the smaller urban centres and even in the larger ones to that lowest strata which might not be registered in any urban kebele. Thus, the AMC needs to grow greatly and quickly. It is in this context that the current and future role of the state farm sector has to be seen. Even within the framework of Case C, it will be some time before the area of stable grain yields is extended to a point where the urban populations are not held to ransom by the weather all too frequently; in the meantime, the state farms provide an insurance cover which is indispensible. (A corresponding function would be performed in the food-insecure rural areas by the grain banks suggested earlier.) Further, the kebele shops need to move more into the inferior cereals, in particular, sorghum, maize and black teff. Improving the storage facilities of the AMC and state farms could achieve the welcome result of lowering cost by anything up to 15-20 per cent on some crops. All such gains registered should reflect themselves in lower prices for the inferior, rather than for the superior, cereals as appears to have been the case in the recent past.

2013 ◽  
pp. 183-184
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
The State ◽  
State Farm ◽  
Insurance Cover ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Present Context ◽  
Short Run

Human security and state rebuilding in post-conflict Nepal: Peace at the cost of justice?

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauri Siitonen
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Human Security ◽  
The State ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
State Administration ◽  
The Cost ◽  
External Actors ◽  
The Eu

There is a possible conflict between two current policy guidelines in post-conflict countries, human security, and state rebuilding. This article analyzes how weak statehood and low human security are mutually interlinked in complex ways in the case of post-conflict Nepal. The analysis is based on economic, political, and social data, recent reports by international organizations and NGOs, as well as on statements by major politicians and political parties. A dilemma can be identified in post-conflict Nepal: in order to remedy weak statehood and decrease the level of crime, the presence of the state in the rural areas needs to be enhanced. Yet people feel mistrust toward the police and state administration, which keep many people marginalized. Therefore external actors, particularly the EU, should strengthen their support for democratization of the state while at the same time keeping an eye on the peace process.Spanish Existe un posible conflicto entre dos orientaciones de las políticas actuales en los países post-conflicto: la seguridad humana y la reconstrucción del Estado. Este artículo analiza cómo la debilidad estatal y la seguridad humana están mutuamente relacionadas entre sí de manera compleja en el caso del post-conflicto en Nepal. El análisis se basa en los datos económicos, políticos y sociales, en los últimos informes de las organizaciones internacionales y no-gubernamentales, así como en las declaraciones de los más importantes políticos y partidos políticos. Es posible identificar un dilema en el Nepal post-conflicto: con el fin de fortalecer al Estado débil y disminuir el nivel de la criminalidad, es preciso mejorar la presencia del Estado en las zonas rurales. Sin embargo, la gente siente desconfianza hacia la policía y la administración estatal, que mantienen a un gran número de personas en la marginalidad. Por lo tanto los actores externos, especialmente la UE, deben fortalecer su apoyo a la democratización del Estado a la vez que deben estar atentos al proceso de paz.French Il existe une possibilité de conflit entre les deux actuelles lignes directrices en matière de politiques dans les pays en sortie de guerre, à savoir entre la sécurité humaine et la reconstruction de l'État. Cet article analyse comment un état défaillant et une faible sécurité humaine sont reliés mutuellement de façon complexe dans le contexte d'après-guerre au Népal. L'analyse est basée sur des données économiques, politiques et sociales, des rapports récents d'organisations internationales et d'ONG, ainsi que sur les discours des plus importants politiciens et partis politiques. Un dilemme apparaît dans le cas du Népal : afin de renforcer le pouvoir de l'État et de diminuer les taux de criminalité, la présence de l'État doit être accrue dans les milieux ruraux. Or, la population montre une certaine méfiance envers la police et l'administration publique, instances considérées comme responsables de la marginalisation d'une grande partie de la société. C'est pourquoi des acteurs externes, telle l'Union Européenne, devraient renforcer leur aide à la démocratisation de l'État et surveiller en même temps le processus de paix.

scholarly journals Performance of Agricultural Enterprises With Specialization Livestock Production After Year 2013 in the Context of CAP Development Scenarios

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1251-1256
Author(s):  
Marcela Basovníková
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Agricultural Subsidies ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Development Scenarios ◽  
Point Of Interest ◽  
Food Quality And Safety ◽  
The Eu

Joining the EU, among others meant that Czech Republic has gained opportunity to draw financial funds of the EU. In the context of profitability and overall economic performance of agricultural enterprises, the most serious threat is currently reduction or even elimination of agricultural subsidies as came out from discussions about future development of the EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) already in 2011. In 2011, the CAP was a point of interest especially because of approaching the end of programme period of 2007–2013. During the last decade, the CAP has been reformed substantially while these reforms and changes reflect requirements of society connected to environment, to food quality and safety, and to developing needs of the EU´s economy. Based on these discussions across all the EU countries, three principal scenarios have been formulated in order to solve the main political objectives of future CAP. In each scenario, different stress is put on single objectives of the CAP. These three scenarios are the adjustment scenario, the integration scenario and the re-focus scenario. Changes of CAP, which were covered by single scenarios have been focused on market interventions, direct payment and on policy of rural areas development.

Ensuring youth employment through the activities of small communities in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Gurgula ◽  
Yu. Ledovska
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Young People ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Youth Employment ◽  
Youth Policy ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
Education Participation

Problem setting. The article examines the possibilities of providing employment for young people through the activities of public communities. An environment that will allow young people to develop themselves in the communities where they were born, live and plan to stay.Recent research and publications analysis. Youth employment is very closely linked to the general employment situation. However, it has its own dimensions and problems that require specific measures. Domestic scholars, for instance, Yu. Palahniuk, O. Shtym, G. Koval, Y. Makogon paid considerable attention to the European experience of youth employment policy, and G. Koval, M. Karpulenko, Y. Hetmanenko studied the state youth policy in general. Highlighting previously unsettled parts of the general problem. The article analyzes the typical challenges of youth employment: unemployment, going abroad; an insufficient level of qualification and opportunities to involve young people through the cooperation of educational institutions and opportunities to involve young people in cooperation of educational institutions; non-formal education; participation in local community self-government. As a result of the research, it is proposed to develop an effective state youth policy in ensuring youth employment in small communities through the development of youth entrepreneurship; activation of youth and involvement in community activities, inclusion of youth in councils and committees. Therefore, the object of study is youth employment through the activities of young communities in Ukraine. Paper main body. In Ukraine, youth unemployment is associated primarily with underdevelopment and economic growth, trends in the international economy’s globalization. It is migration processes that strongly influence the situation on the world labor market because, during the growth of cross-border movements, more and more young people leave their homes in the hope of finding work, which leads to migration from rural areas to cities or other countries. This will have an impact on labor markets in their countries as well as abroad. The International Labor Organization estimates that about 85,3 million young women and men were unemployed worldwide in 2020, or 44 per cent of the world’s unemployed. Many more young people try to earn a living in the informal economy and often end up as unemployed, unskilled young people. To replace older ones, they hire even younger children for lower pay, thus greatly reducing the chances of providing education for both. It is estimated that 59 million young people between the ages of 15 and 17 are employed in unsafe jobs.Unemployment is one of the problems of young people in small communities of Ukraine, as 73% of young people do not see opportunities for even temporary employment due to lack of supply in the market, and 27% due to housekeeping.Traditionally, the lower unemployment rate in rural areas is due to participation in housekeeping. However, this positive fact about the lower unemployment rate among rural youth is reduced by a longer unemployment period. According to the research, the experience of youth unemployment is more devastating for them than for their parents because parents have fewer economic means to support their children. Accordingly, the development of youth in the community is impossible without creating employment conditions.An important factor is to acquaint young people with the trends and directions of development of the whole territorial community and even better involve them in the planning process, allowing them to assess the threats and challenges to the development of small communities. Accordingly, contributing to education and informing about medium-term prospects and available vacancies are practical things that can already make youth unemployment low.The article describes the main provisions of the youth program “DOBRE”, which operates in Ukraine. This program offers its own 4-level system of youth involvement: “Hear youth”, “Develop youth”, “Strengthen youth”, “Support youth”. Addressing the lack of support and activity of young people in small communities is done by creating the opportunities they need for young people, namely creating enough jobs, developing opportunities, decent pay, and creating a sense that young people are included in community life. Also, the priorities are adhered to and supported by the community.Conclusions of the research and prospects for further studies. To solve the problem of youth employment, it is necessary to form state guarantees aimed at stimulating self-employment and entrepreneurial activity of young people; improving the legal framework in the context of preferential taxation of enterprises that hire young workers; active control and monitoring of labor market and educational services indicators to timely adjust and take the necessary measures, as well as to implement a preventive policy of youth employment. An important area of problem-solving is forming a mechanism for effective interaction between government, business and education, which determines the coordination of efforts and joint activities aimed at improving the situation on the labor market and providing young people with jobs. The state’s policy in the field of youth employment needs to be improved, taking into account the current state of the labor market, new trends in social and labor relations through the introduction of best foreign experience and its adaptation to domestic realities.

scholarly journals INEQUALITY, GROWTH, AND OVERTAKING

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 625-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
YOSHIAKI SUGIMOTO
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Qualitative Change ◽  
Growth Path ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Opposing Effects ◽  
Positive Effect

This research develops a theory about the role of within-country income inequality in the emergence of overtaking in economic performance among countries. The theory captures two opposing effects of inequality on factor accumulation and suggests that the qualitative change in their combined effect is a prime cause of overtaking. Because of the initial dominance of the positive effect of inequality, a less egalitarian economy follows a higher growth path in the short run, with a lower growth path in the long run. It also is shown that divergence or convergence may arise instead of overtaking, depending on the initial levels of development and inequality.

scholarly journals National report 2009-2019 - Rural NEET in Slovakia

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Employment Rate ◽  
National Report ◽  
Youth Population ◽  
Age Category

This report describes the situation of rural Youths Neither in Employment, nor in Education or Training (NEET) aged between 15-34 years old, over the last decade (2009-2019) in Slo-vakia. To achieve this goal, the report utilised indicators of youth population, youth employ-ment and unemployment, education and NEETs distribution and amount of ESLET in Slovakia according to different level of urbanisation (cities, towns and suburbs and towns). There are more male than females living in Slovakia. However, there are more females living in rural areas. Youth unemployment has been rising every year since 2009, peaking in 2012/2013, and after this peak it has decreased gradually leading to the lowest unemployment rate in a decade for the age category 15-39 in 2018-2019. Since the year 2010 the employment rate has been gradually increasing in all degrees of urbanisation. In last decade (2009-2019), the population aged 15-24 years old in Slovakia has become more educated. The highest increa-se was in last decade at level ISCED 5-8 in rural areas. ESLET has gradually increased in Slo-vakia nationwide. Between the years 2009-2019, there were an increased number of ESLET females in rural areas. The share of NEETs has slightly decreased in last decade in Slovakia.

scholarly journals The Impact of Youth Unemployment Due To Work Experience Required by Business Houses, Lusaka Zambia

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-117
Author(s):  
Ananda Kumar Aroumougame
Keyword(s):  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Local Flexibility ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

Research papers looking deep into the causes of youth unemployment focus not only on the causes but solutions of the unemployment rate in Lusaka Zambia. The government of Zambia recognizes these challenges and has pledged to increase employment in general, and employment for youth in particular. So far, however, his initiative has not made the needed difference. Often in business life young people are not given the opportunity or opportunity to express their abilities in relation to the skills they have acquired while in college. This study uses quantitavie method. Result The Government of the Republic of Zambia has in many cases talked about reducing the unemployment rate but the question is what has been done about it? More local flexibility in the design and implementation of policies to address youth unemployment could solve this problem. Participation in work operations results in gains in employment as income in the post-program period and decreases in welfare and unemployment receipts and payments. This positive effect persists at a relatively stable level for up to four years after youth leave the program.

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