LAS DEFINICIONES DE LOS ORDENAMIENTOS DESCENTRALIZADOS EN LOS ESTATUTOS DE LAS REGIONES ITALIANAS Y DE LAS COMUNIDADES AUTÓNOMAS

Author(s):  
LUCIO PEGORARO

Este estudio aborda el tema de las califi caciones que los estatutos de las Regiones italianas y de las Comunidades autónomas dan a sus respectivos ordenamientos. La materia se encuadra en el contexto (de teoría general, de semántica jurídica y de Derecho comparado) que se refi ere al titular de las califi caciones: la pregunta de establecer que cosa es un ente incumbe tanto a la doctrina como al legislador. En el tema de la descentralización, la naturaleza federal, descentralizada, unitaria, etc. del Estado normalmente es declarada por la Constitución, pero no siempre la doctrina se muestra de acuerdo con los adjetivos utilizados. A menudo, las fórmulas utilizadas por las Constituciones son usadas también por los entes periféricos (Estados miembros, Regiones, Cantones, Comunidades autónomas, etc.), pero no siempre en absoluta concordancia. A veces, por razones políticas, en la periferia se acentúan algunas características (el carácter de nación, de comunidad histórica, etc.) En el casoo de Italia y de España, en general, las defi niciones y las fórmulas constitucionales circulan de arriba a abajo y horizontalmente, con procesos imitativos difusos, y por lo demás, los entes periféricos renuncian a califi car los entes con adjetivos no usados por las respectivas Constituciones (por ejemplo, soberano), a pesar de la fuerza cultural que una calificación podría tener en sede política y jurídica/interpretativa. Azterlan honetan, Italiako eskualdeek eta autonomia-erkidegoetako estatutuek bakoitzak bere ordenamenduei ematen dien kalifi kazioak landuko ditugu. Kalifi kazioen titularrari buruzko testuinguruan kokatu behar da lana, hots, teoria orokorra, semantika juridikoa eta zuzenbide alderatua: entea zer den jakiteko galdera doktrina berari dagokio, legelariari bezainbeste. Estatuaren deszentralizazioa, edo izaera federala, deszentralizatua, unitarioa eta abar dela-eta, hori guztia normalean konstituzioak izendatzen du, baina doktrina ez da beti bat etortzen erabilitako adjektiboekin. Askotan, konstituzioek erabiltzen dituzten formula horiek berak erabiltzen dituzte ente periferikoek ere (estatu kideek, eskualdeek, kantoiek, autonomia-erkidegoek...), baina ez erabateko konkordantziaz beti. Batzuetan, arrazoi politikoak direla-eta, zenbait bereizgarri askoz gehiago nabarmentzen dira periferian (nazio izaera, komunitate historiko izatea, etab.). Italiaren eta Espainiaren kasuan, orokorrean, defi nizio eta formula konstituzionalak goitik behera eta horizontalean mugitzen dira, imitaziozko prozesu lausokoekin; gainerakoan, ente periferikoek uko egiten diote bakoitzaren konstituzioan ageri ez diren adjektiboei, enteak kalifi katzeko orduan (adibidez, subirano adjektiboari), nahiz kalifi kazio horrek indar kultural handia izan politikan eta epaitegietan nahiz interpretatzeko orduan. This study deals with the topic of the denomination given to their respective legal orders by Statutes from the Italian Regions and the Spanish Autonomous Communities. The subject is framed within the context (of general theory, legal semantics and comparative law) which refers to whom gives the denomination: the question about establishing what an entity is both scholar¿s and legislators¿s bussiness. In the fi eld of descentralization, the State¿s federal, decentralized or united nature is usually proclaimed by the Constitution, but scholars do not always agree with those adjectives. The expressions often used by the Constitutions are also used by periferic entities (Member states, Regions, Cantons, Autonomous Communities, etc.) although with not absolute concordance. Sometimes, some features are stressed in the periphery (the characteristic of nation, historical community, etc.) because of political reasons. As for the Italian and Spanish examples, in general, defi nitions and constitutional expressions work vertical and horizontally, with difuse imitative procedures, and apart from that peripherical entities relinquish to use adjetives not used by their own respective Constitutions (for instance, sovereign) despite the cultural impetus an adjective might hold from a political and legal/interpretative point of view.

Author(s):  
Francisca Villalba Pérez

<p align="justify">Con el fin de garantizar la aplicación de la Directiva 89/665/CEE modificada por la Directiva 2007/66/CE, la Ley 34/2010, introduce en el ámbito estatal la creación de un órgano administrativo independiente de carácter especializado para resolver el recurso especial en materia de contratación, las cuestiones de nulidad y las reclamaciones en los procedimientos de adjudicación en los sectores del agua, energía, transportes y servicios postales. En el ámbito de las Comunidades Autónomas, el artículo 41.3 del TRLCSP encomienda la creación de dicho órgano a la respectiva normativa autonómica. En cumplimiento de la normativa comunitaria y estatal aludida, el Consejo de Gobierno de la Junta de Andalucía crea el Tribunal Administrativo de Recursos Contractuales de la Junta de Andalucía a través del Decreto 332/2011, de 2 de noviembre, objeto de este trabajo.</p> <p align="justify"><b>In order to ensure the implementation of Directive 89/665/EEC amended by Directive 2007/66/EC, the Law 34/2010, introduced at the state level to create an independent administrative body of a specialized nature to solve the resource particular procurement, the issues of invalidity and complaints procedures for the award in the water, energy, transport and postal services. In the area of the Autonomous Communities, Article 41.3 of TRLCSP entrusted the creation of that body to the relevant regional rules. In compliance with EU regulations and state aforementioned, the Governing Council of the Andalusian creates the Administrative Tribunal of Contract Resources of the Andalusian by Decree 332/2011 of 2 November, the subject of this work.</p>


Author(s):  
Saioa ARTIACH CAMACHO

LABURPENA: Landa-errentamenduaren kontratua arautzen du estatuko 49/2003 Legeak, 26/2005 Legearen bidez aldatuak, baina ez da aplikagarria Zuzenbide zibil berezi bat daukaten autonomia-erkidegoetan. Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoan orain arte ez da kontratu mota horri buruzko araurik hartu, baina Galizian eta Katalunian legegilea bere eskumenez baliatu eta xedapenak hartu ditu, kontuan hartuz zer nolakoak diren lurraldea, bertako ondasunak, eta errenta-emaileen eta errenta-hartzaileen beharrak. Halaber, aipagarria da beste autonomia-erkidego batzuetako arautegia, non landa-errentamenduarekin harreman estua duten nekazaritza-kontratuak agertzen diren. RESUMEN: El contrato de arrendamiento rustico queda regulado, a nivel estatal, por la Ley 49/2003, modificada mediante la Ley 26/2005, si bien la misma no resulta aplicable en aquellas comunidades autonomas que disponen de un Derecho civil propio escrito en la materia. A diferencia de lo que ocurre en el Pais Vasco, donde, hasta la fecha, no se ha adoptado norma alguna relativa a este tipo contractual, en Galicia y Cataluna el legislador ha ejercido la competencia que ostenta en la materia y ha adoptado disposiciones que tienen muy presentes las caracteristicas de su territorio, de los bienes sitos en el mismo y de las necesidades de sus arrendadores y arrendatarios. Asimismo, resulta destacable la normativa existente en otras comunidades autonomas, en la que se regulan distintos contratos agrarios que guardan una estrecha relacion con el arrendamiento rustico. ABSTRACT: The contract of land tenancy is regulated at the state level by Act 49/2003 amended by Act 26/2005 even though it is not applicable to those autonomous communities with their own written civil law on the subject. Unlike in the Basque Country, where no regulation has been adopted regarding this type of contract so far, in Galicia and Cataluna the legislators have exercised their competence on the subject and have adopted provisions that have the characteristics of their territories, goods placed therein and the needs of tenants and lessors very present. Likewise, it is remarkable the existing normative in other autonomous communities where different agrarian contracts with a close connection with land tenancy are regulated.


2016 ◽  
pp. 43-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Vinokurov

The paper appraises current progress in establishing the Customs Union and the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). Although the progress has slowed down after the initial rapid advancement, the Union is better viewed not as an exception from the general rules of regional economic integration but rather as one of the functioning customs unions with its successes and stumbling blocs. The paper reviews the state of Eurasian institutions, the establishment of the single market of goods and services, the situation with mutual trade and investment flows among the member states, the ongoing work on the liquidation/unification of non-tariff barriers, the problems of the efficient coordination of macroeconomic policies, progress towards establishing an EAEU network of free trade areas with partners around the world, the state of the common labor market, and the dynamics of public opinion on Eurasian integration in the five member states.


Author(s):  
Ю. М. Оборотов

В современной методологии юриспруденции происходит переход от изучения состо­яний ее объекта, которыми выступают право и государство, к постижению этого объек­та в его изменениях и превращениях. Две подсистемы методологии юриспруденции, подсистема обращенная к состоянию права и государства; и подсистема обращенная к изменениям права и государства, — получают свое отображение в концептуальной форме, методологических подходах, методах, специфических понятиях. Показательны перемены в содержании методологии юриспруденции, где определяю­щее значение имеют методологические подходы, определяющие стратегию исследова­тельских поисков во взаимосвязи юриспруденции с правом и государством. Среди наи­более характерных подходов антропологический, аксиологический, цивилизационный, синергетический и герменевтический — определяют плюралистичность современной методологии и свидетельствуют о становлении новой парадигмы методологии юриспру­денции.   In modern methodology of jurisprudence there is a transition from the study the states of its object to its comprehension in changes and transformations. Hence the two subsystems of methodology of jurisprudence: subsystem facing the states of the law and the state as well as their components and aspects; and subsystem facing the changes of the law and the state in general and their constituents. These subsystems of methodology of jurisprudence receive its reflection in conceptual form, methodological approaches, methods, specific concepts. Methodology of jurisprudence should not be restricted to the methodology of legal theory. In this regard, it is an important methodological question about subject of jurisprudence. It is proposed to consider the subject of jurisprudence as complex, covering both the law and the state in their specificity, interaction and integrity. Indicative changes in the content methodology of jurisprudence are the usage of decisive importance methodological approaches that govern research strategy searches in conjunction with the law and the state. Among the most characteristic of modern development approaches: anthropological, axiological, civilization, synergistic and hermeneutic. Modern methodology of jurisprudence is pluralistic in nature alleging various approaches to the law and the state. Marked approaches allow the formation of a new paradigm methodology of jurisprudence.


2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniella De Paula Chiesa ◽  
Mário Antônio Sanches ◽  
Daiane Priscila Simão-Silva

O estudo do Planejamento familiar, no contexto da bioética, abre-se para diversas perspectivas, entre elas a valorização dos seus diferentes atores. Situado neste contexto o artigo tem como objetivo identificar o perfil de gênero na produção científica sobre Planejamento Familiar no Brasil, entre 2000 e 2014, assim como a área de formação e especialização dos autores. Foram utilizadas metodologias que permitiram mapear o estado da arte do tema estudado, a partir de uma revisão da literatura. O resultado da pesquisa identifica que a produção científica sobre Planejamento Familiar no Brasil se compõe de perfil destacadamente feminino (71,76%). Dos 73 artigos analisados, 42 (57,53%) o foco do tema está direcionado à mulher assim como evidencia-se a área de ciências da saúde com maior concentração das publicações do tema.  Este aspecto da pesquisa abre para uma realidade complexa onde se buscam criticamente as razões para a pesquisa em Planejamento Familiar ter ênfase na mulher e ser um tema de relevância nas ciências da saúde.Palavras-chave: Produção científica, Planejamento Familiar, Gênero.  ABSTRACT: The study of Family Planning, in the context of bioethics, opens to diverse perspectives, among them the appreciation of their different agents. Situated in this context the article aims to identify the profile of gender in scientific literature on Family Planning in Brazil, between 2000 and 2014, as well as the area of training and specialization of the authors. Methodologies were used which allowed to map the State of the art of the subject studied, from a review of the literature. The results found identify that the scientific production on Family Planning in Brazil is formed with a outstandingly female profile (71,76%). Of the 73 articles examined, 42 (57.53%) the focus of the topic is directed to women as well as showing the health sciences area with highest concentration of publications. This aspect of the research opens to a complex reality where we seek critically the reasons for Research in Family Planning have emphasis on woman and be a topic of relevance in health sciences.Keywords: Scientific Production, Family Planning, Gender.


2016 ◽  
pp. 90-108
Author(s):  
Marta Witkowska

The aim of the article is to present possible scenarios on maintaining democracy in the EU, while assuming different hypothetical directions in which it could develop as a federation, empire and Europe à la carte. Selected mechanisms, norms and values of the EU system that are crucial for the functioning of democracy in the European Union are the subject of this research. The abovementioned objective of scenario development is achieved through distinguishing the notions of policy, politics and polity in the research. In the analysis of the state of democracy in the European Union both the process (politics) and the normative approach (policy) have been adopted. The characterised norms, structures, values and democratic procedures in force in the EU will become a reference point for the projected scenarios. The projection refers to a situation when the existing polity transforms into a federation, empire or Europe à la carte. The article is to serve as a projection and is a part of a wider discussion on the future of the basis on which the European Union is build.


1994 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-70
Author(s):  
Florence Eid

IntroductionThis paper is a report on the state of research in two areas of Islamicstudies: Islam and economics and Islam and governance. I researched andwrote it as part of my internship at the Ford Foundation during the summerof 1992. On Discourse. The study of Islam in the United States has moved far beyondthe traditional historical and philological methods. This is perhapsbest explained by the development of analytically rigorous social sciencemethods that have contributed to a better balance between the humanisticconcerns of the more traditional approaches and efforts at systematizingthe study of Islam and classifying it across boundaries of communities,religions, even epochs. This is said to have s t a d with the developmentof irenic attitudes towards Islam, which changed the direction of westemorientalist writings from indifference (at best) and often open hostility toand contempt of Islamic values (however they were understood) to phenomenologicalworks by scholars who saw the study of Islam as somethingto be taken seriously and for its own sake, which is best exemplifiedby Clifford Geertz's Islam Observed.The work of Edward Said contested this evolution, and the publicationof his Orientalism has been described as "a stick of dynamite"' that,despite its impact in mobilizing a reevaluation of the field, was unwarrantedin its pessimism. In any case, the field has continued to evolve,with the most powerful force moving it being the subject itself. Thephenomenological/orientalist approach, if we can point to one today, ...


2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 71-73
Author(s):  
M. U. USUPOV ◽  

The article is devoted to the state of the economy of the subject of the agricultural sector – the Toktogul region of Kyrgyzstan, as well as the formation of a land division, which is impossible without an influx of investments and ensuring the availability of monetary resources for agricultural producers. In our time, innovation is becoming the main means of increasing the benefits of economic entities by better meeting market demand and reducing production losses compared to competitors. Despite repeated attempts by the country to create a system of lending to agricultural companies, only a small percentage of them use credit resources. Various state aid schemes support a competitive environment in the money markets and guarantee relatively equal access to them for financial institutions and agricultural enterprises.


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
K.N. Golikov ◽  

The subject of this article is the problems of the nature, essence and purpose of prosecutorial activity. The purpose of the article is to study and justify the role of the human rights function in prosecutorial activities in the concept of a modern legal state. At the heart of prosecutorial activity is the implementation of the main function of the Prosecutor’s office – its rights and freedoms, their protection. This means that any type (branch) of Prosecutor's supervision is permeated with human rights content in relation to a citizen, society, or the state. This is confirmed by the fact that the Federal law “On the Prosecutor's office of the Russian Federation” establishes an independent type of Prosecutor's supervision-supervision over the observance of human and civil rights and freedoms. It is argued that the legislation enshrines the human rights activities of the Prosecutor's office as its most important function. It is proposed to add this to the Law “On the Prosecutor's office of the Russian Federation”.


Author(s):  
Pilar López de Santa María

Freedom is the focus of the first of the writings included in The Two Fundamental Problems of Ethics. The attention that Schopenhauer devotes to the subject does not stop here, however, since freedom appears recurrently in different parts of his system. It is linked to his theory of knowledge, metaphysics, aesthetics, and the denial of the will. This chapter follows that track and examines the presence in different contexts of Schopenhauerian thought of a freedom that is so undeniable as unexplainable. In this way will be shown Schopenhauer’s transition from the freedom of the voluntas to the freedom of noluntas [non-willing] and the state of great liberation that occurs because the will frees itself from itself. It is a transition that begins and ends at the same point: mystery


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