scholarly journals http://habibiaislamicus.com/index.php/hirj/article/view/140

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-102
Author(s):  
Abdur Razzaq ◽  
◽  
Madnia Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Wide Scope ◽  
Commercial Development ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Digital Currency ◽  
Gold Silver ◽  
Modern Economic ◽  
The Times

Money has always been used for transactions in human societies. And it has been used in different ways in different times, such as gold, silver, dirhams and dinars. The concept of money has become very wide due to the wide scope of development of the times. In modern times, modern economic and commercial development has given rise to various forms of money. And in the modern economic system, the currency has taken the form of a tool of trade. The biggest problem is interest and the system of interest. This article discusses the reality of currency and the historical and legal aspects of digital currency.

scholarly journals Ewolucja polskiego systemu wykroczeń — przez autorytaryzm do demokracji. Część 2

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 263-287
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Łucarz ◽  
Anna Muszyńska
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Wide Scope ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Times ◽  
Historical References

The authors of this study present the transformations of the Polish system of petty off ences law by discussing the normative shape and searching for optimal legislative solutions. The refl ections are based on historical references, by studying changes in this area of law, marked by many legal and practical issues. The historical approach facilitates on analysis of tendency which occurred in the process of developing the law of petty off ences, systemic influences on the organizational structures created within it, and the material and procedural shape. Historical threads include the basic conditions for the development of liability for petty offences, taking into account the assumptions of the inter-war period, through the times of authoritarianism to the present day. During the last century, the system of petty offences was considered as an area which searches for legal solutions to counteract administrative lawlessness or criminal lawlessness with less social noxiousness of the act that is subject to political requirements in various degree and controlled by the government. The wide scope of the presented issue entails necessity to separate two parts. First — including the period up to the 1970s, that is until the establishment of the Code of Petty Offenses 1971, and the second — to modern times, in which this Code is still in force.

A STUDY OF THE ATTITUDE OF COLLEGE STUDENTS OF PUNJAB TOWARDS YOGA

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anurag Asija
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Literary Form ◽  
The Body ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Physical Body ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Mind

In modern life, people generally try to accomplish too much in too little time, consequently they accumulate a lot of stress in their lives. In that time, yoga plays an important role to alleviate the stress and rejuvenate the body. In the times, yoga was a form of Bhakti. Rishi Patanjali, rightly called the father of yoga, who around 200 b.c. gave us the present literary form of yoga doctrine in his famous treaties Yoga Sutra. In modern times, the value of yoga is being increasingly recognized for general and it’s preventive and curative effects. Yoga does not conceive man having a physical body but on the contrary, it emphasizes the greater values of the mind which characterizes his personality, Thus, yoga leads to ultimate physical health and happiness together with the achieve of mental and patience.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subramanian Rangan
Keyword(s):  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Market Power ◽  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
Adam Smith ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Paradigm ◽  
Modern Economic ◽  
Great Output

Our quest for prosperity has produced great output (i.e. performance) but not always great outcomes (i.e. progress). Despite mounting regulation when it comes to fairness, well-being, and the scope of our humanity, the modern economic system still leaves much to be desired. If practice is to evolve substantively and systematically, then we must help evolve an economic paradigm where mutuality is more systematically complemented by morality. The bases of this morality must rest, beyond the sympathetic sentiments envisaged by Adam Smith, on an expanded and intentional moral reasoning. Moral philosophy has a natural role in informing and influencing such a turn in our thinking, especially when education is the preferred vehicle of transformation. Indeed, rather than just regulate market power we must also better educate market power.

The Smugglers' Trade: A Neglected Aspect of English Commercial Development

1952 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 131-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Ramsay
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Technical Skill ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Commercial Development ◽  
Illicit Trade ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Victorian Age

Some share—fluctuating and uncertain, but assuredly significant—of English foreign trade in modern times is to be credited to smugglers, who were ever busy in evading customs regulations and prohibitions. Mere administrative watchfulness and thoroughness could never do more than damp their activities; it was only the triumph of free trade in the early Victorian age that deprived them of their livelihood, and until then they were able to match by increase of cunning and of organization the ever more elaborate network of the customs system—its spies, its coastguards and its cutters as well as its routine officials at the ports. The smuggler flourished right down to the end of the period of protection, despite sporadic seizures by the revenue officers. In the first half of the nineteenth century, French wines, brandies and luxury textiles were being punctually shipped across the Channel in the teeth of prohibitions. In the other direction, we know, for instance, of the existence in the same period of so remarkable á phenomenon as the muslin manufacture of Tarare, near Lyons, which relied for its raw material upon the assured supply of English yarn owled abroad. But it was probably the eighteenth century, when customs regulations were at their most burdensome and complicated, that marked the classic epoch of illicit trade, the period in which the technical skill of both breakers and defenders of the law might earn the highest rewards.

scholarly journals Book Review "Friedrich Engels: Pemikiran dan Kritik" (Friedrich Engels: Thought and Criticism)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arlina Dwi Oktafiah ◽  
Moses Glorino Rumambo Pandin
Keyword(s):  
Karl Marx ◽  
Historical Materialism ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Main Question ◽  
National Unity ◽  
Friedrich Engels ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Times ◽  
Scientific Fields

Not infrequently people only know Friedrich Engels as the scribe of Karl Marx. His only job was to collect, retype Marx's papers and give them to publishers. Some books describe him as an amateur writer, limited in his abilities and unable to adapt to Marx's thinking. That is why the editor of this book, Dede Mulyanto, compiled the anthology "Behind Marx: The Characters and Thoughts of Friedrich Engels" published by Marjin Kiri a few months ago.In general, the book introduces Engels' life and thought, and explores his relationship to Marx in a way that does not simply place him within or under Marx. In this book, we will realize that Engels was not only a loyal friend but also provided the impetus and avenue for Marx to write and publish his work. Not only was he the saddest person at the time of Marx's death, but he also didn't even have time to finish the Das Kapital masterpiece. In addition, we also see Engels' persistence in compiling Marx's research notes and compiling them to produce a series of publications, including Das Kapital and Das Kapital.We also gain a deeper understanding of Engels, as explained in the brief description by Sylvia Tiwon in the introduction to the book, as a theorist who developed the theory of historical materialism into scientific fields outside of economics and struggled with the latest scientific discoveries of his time.This book exists to restore Engels' figures and thoughts and to place them accordingly. It is a challenge to reintroduce the image and ideas of Engels to Indonesian readers today, not only in formal legal aspects, such as prohibiting the spread of Marxist ideas through TAP MPR/Ketetapan Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat (Resolution People's Consultative Assembly) No. 25 of 1966 but also in the theoretical aspects of Marxism itself. As we know MPR/Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat (People's Consultative Assembly) decree 25 of 1966 is a product of the highest law of the times and has acted as an integrating mechanism and effective conflict resolution to address the nation's breakdown after the G30S / PKI 1965, which devastated national unity. With the MPRS decree, the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) was dissolved and declared a prohibited organization throughout the territory of the Republic of Indonesia and a ban was imposed on any activities to spread or develop the understanding or teachings of Communism/Marxism-Leninism. When studying the thinking of this German man, the main question that often arises is: Why does Engels need to be studied? Why didn't Engels study Marx's thinking right away? The ideological leanings of neo-Marxist scientists further exacerbated this situation. They hoped that by identifying Engels as the culprit of the extreme and rigid interpretation, Marx's theory was freed from the bad thoughts of Soviet determination.

Drawing the Technologies of Improving the Methods of Crisis Management Based on a Complex Approach

2019 ◽  
pp. 222-240
Author(s):  
Nelu Mocanu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Crisis Management ◽  
Economic Model ◽  
Organizational Analysis ◽  
Complex Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
Economic Politics ◽  
Modern Economic ◽  
The Stability

The purpose of any modern economic politics is to ensure the stability and economic growth. In order to achieve this goal, each economic agent models (builds) an individual economic strategy. The building of the actual economic model is influenced by many factors – political, geographical, national, and cultural. Today, by the notion of crisis, we understand an aggravation of the discrepancies of the social-economic system that threaten its stability. Specialist that deal with problems of crisis management claim that measures must be taken when the financial results of the enterprise become unsatisfactory, when symptoms of an unfavorable situation of the activity of enterprise appear. This chapter presents the economic-organizational analysis of the strategies applied in the anti-crisis management.

scholarly journals Building a modern economic system: basic framework, key issues, and theoretical innovation

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-84
Author(s):  
Zhibiao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Industrial System ◽  
Real Economy ◽  
Market Mechanisms ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Chinese Characteristics ◽  
Theoretical Innovation ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Modern Economic

Purpose The construction of a modern economic system is a symbolic and strategic choice for large developing economies on the path toward high-quality economic development. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach The overall framework aims to adhere to “One Policy and One Mainline” to build an innovation-driven, synergistic industrial system and a “with three-qualities” economic system (with efficient market mechanisms, energetic micro-agents and appropriate macroeconomic regulation). Findings The strengthening of the real economy and construction of a modern industrial system constitute the material basis for supporting this system and framework. As major decision making and theoretical innovation in empirical practice, building a modern economic system can also contribute substantially toward developing the applied economic theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Originality/value Building a modern economic system in China necessitates, without exception, the construction of various subsystems encompassing industrial, market, distribution, regional development, green development, open and economic institutional aspects.

Development of a commercial price schedule for producers and processors of lambs

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
DL Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Commercial Development ◽  
Time And Motion ◽  
Motion Study ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fat Score ◽  
The Times ◽  
Mean Time

Equations were developed to predict the weight of trimmed retail (bone-in) cuts, trim, fat and bone from 321 lamb carcasses, ranging in carcass weight from 4.8 to 26.8 kg and in fat depth at the GR site (12th rib) from 1 to 31 mm. For commercial application, the equations were developed using a multiple regression program with the predictors carcass weight and GR. All equations explained a large amount of the variation in component weights (r2 = 0.76-0.99). A time and motion study using 172 carcasses showed that the times required to butcher carcasses of low fat (score 1 and 2) were similar. Likewise the mean time taken to butcher score 3 carcasses was similar to that of score 1 carcasses. However, it took significantly longer (P<0.05) to butcher score 3 carcasses than score 2 carcasses, and score 4 and 5 carcasses than score 3 carcasses. In addition, the mean times taken to butcher score 4 and 5 carcasses were significantly different (P< 0.05). By using multiple regression analysis it was shown that carcass weight, fatscore, their interaction and the butcher all significantly affected the butchering time. The findings of this work are discussed as they apply to the commercial development of price schedules and show that, when based on yield, lean heavy carcasses are more profitable for processing.

The real body of therapeutic communities in society of lockdown

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 81-85
Author(s):  
Simone Bruschetta
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Therapeutic Communities ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Critical Thought ◽  
Italian Experience ◽  
Modern Economic ◽  
Points Of View

Purpose It is argued that COVID-19 epidemic has critically affected, from many points of view, the hyper-modern economic system, dominant in the globalized capitalist societies. This paper aims to describe the point of view of therapeutic communities, basing my reflections on the Italian experience. Design/methodology/approach The author would like to share a critical thought on three issues that this pandemic crisis has made manifest in Italian society: the return of the removed bodies, the feeling of excess represented by therapeutic communities and the emergence of the need for a common thought. Findings Body become again an object of studies and with it also the group, as grouping of the bodies. Also the community become a now old-object of studies, as grouping of bodies and groups in a human environment. The objectives of this study are presented as the substance of the democratic vision of society, which therapeutic communities have a responsibility to promote scientifically and ethically. Originality/value Therapeutic community is presented as transformative and evolutionary for individuals and groups that compose it, as equally conflictual and destructive, both internally and externally. The author thinks this is the substance of the democratic vision of society, which therapeutic communities have a responsibility to promote scientifically and ethically.

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