scholarly journals How can Urban Planners Address Emerging Zoonoses? A Scoping Review of Recommended Interventions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vignesh Murugesan
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Review Process ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Emerging Zoonoses ◽  
Global North ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
North And South

Emerging zoonotic diseases (EZD) like Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), COVID-19, and Ebola have highlighted the need for incorporating emerging zoonoses considerations in urban planning practice. To mainstream EZD in urban planning, this scoping review collates recommendations from across disciplines to provide directions to city planners and policymakers. A search of published literature examining the relationship between EZD and urban planning or policymaking was conducted in February 2020 using PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. Thirty-six articles were identified by the review process and the research examining the relationship between urban planning and EZD was found to be limited but expanding. In identified articles, recommendations for planners were found to address various areas and aspects of planning like inter-disciplinary collaboration, social justice, built environment, climate change adaptation, urbanization, sanitation, green space and economic planning. The applicability of these recommendations to global north and south cities is also discussed.

The Political Economy of Punishment and the Penal State in Latin America

2021 ◽  
pp. 163-198
Author(s):  
Manuel Iturralde
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Crime Control ◽  
The Political ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
Penal State ◽  
Global North ◽  
Sociology Of Punishment ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
North And South

In both criminology and the sociology of punishment there has been a rebirth of the political economy of crime and punishment, where the relationship between these phenomena and levels of inequality within a given society is a key aspect, to assess the transformation and features of the crime control fields of contemporary societies and to relate them to different typologies. This chapter will discuss and problematize this perspective through the analysis of Latin American crime control fields. Considering the flaws of general typologies, usually coming from the global north, the chapter will stress the need for a more detailed comparative analysis of the penal state and the institutional structures, dynamics and dispositions present in every jurisdiction, in both the global north and south, that have a direct impact on penal policy and its outcomes.

scholarly journals The Effects of Cannabis Use on Cognitive Function in Healthy Aging: A Systematic Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Pocuca ◽  
T Jordan Walter ◽  
Arpi Minassian ◽  
Jared W Young ◽  
Mark A Geyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Older Populations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Chronic Doses

Abstract Background Older adults (≥50 years) represent the fastest-growing population of people who use cannabis, potentially due to the increasing promotion of cannabis as medicine by dispensaries and cannabis websites. Given healthy aging and cannabis use are both associated with cognitive decline, it is important to establish the effects of cannabis on cognition in healthy aging. Objective This systematic scoping review used preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines to critically examine the extent of literature on this topic and highlight areas for future research. Method A search of six databases (PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Family and Society Studies Worldwide, and CINAHL) for articles published by September 2019, yielded 1,014 unique results. Results Six articles reported findings for older populations (three human and three rodent studies), highlighting the paucity of research in this area. Human studies revealed largely null results, likely due to several methodological limitations. Better-controlled rodent studies indicate that the relationship between ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cognitive function in healthy aging depends on age and level of THC exposure. Extremely low doses of THC improved cognition in very old rodents. Somewhat higher chronic doses improved cognition in moderately aged rodents. No studies examined the effects of cannabidiol (CBD) or high-CBD cannabis on cognition. Conclusions This systematic scoping review provides crucial, timely direction for future research on this emerging issue. Future research that combines neuroimaging and cognitive assessment would serve to advance understanding of the effects of age and quantity of THC and CBD on cognition in healthy aging.

scholarly journals Beyond Oncology: Question Prompt Lists in Healthcare—A Scoping Review Protocol

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Matthias Lukasczik ◽  
Christian Gerlich ◽  
Hans Dieter Wolf ◽  
Heiner Vogel
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Review Process ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Prisma Statement ◽  
Review Protocol ◽  
Question Prompt

Question prompt lists (QPL) are an instrument to promote patient participation in medical encounters by providing a set of questions patients can use during consultations. QPL have predominantly been examined in oncology. Less is known about their use in other contexts. Therefore, we plan to conduct a scoping review to provide an overview of the fields of healthcare in which QPL have been developed and evaluated. MEDLINE/PUBMED, PSYCINFO, PSYNDEX, WEB OF SCIENCE, and CINAHL will be systematically searched. Primary studies from different healthcare contexts that address the following participants/target groups will be included: persons with an acute, chronic, or recurring health condition other than cancer; healthy persons in non-oncological primary preventive measures. There will be no restrictions in terms of study design, sample size, or outcomes. However, only published studies will be included. Studies that were published in English and German between 1990 and 2019 will be examined. Two independent reviewers will apply defined inclusion/exclusion criteria and determine study eligibility in the review process guided by the PRISMA statement.

scholarly journals Failure matters: Reassembling eco-urbanism in a globalizing China

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 1719-1742 ◽  
Author(s):  
I-Chun Catherine Chang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Public Housing ◽  
Urban Sustainability ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Dominant Focus ◽  
Planning Software ◽  
Global North ◽  
Policy Mobilities ◽  
North And South

This paper is an attempt to reassess the role of failure in policy mobilities. Empirically, this paper examines the various aftermaths of, and the continuing trans-local connections originating from, the prominent but un-materialized Sino-British Shanghai-Dongtan eco-city—with a particular consideration on its relation with a subsequently realized project—the Sino-Singapore Tianjin eco-city. The findings reveal that despite its apparent failure, Dongtan eco-city established a set of urban planning procedures adopted by many, including those who designed and delivered the Tianjin eco-city. Meanwhile, Dongtan’s failure to materialize motivated the Chinese government to pursue collaboration with the Singaporean government over the increased involvement of private Western partners. The intent to avoid association with Dongtan’s failure also fostered a new eco-urbanism model based on rebranding the planning practices of Singapore’s public housing. Parts of Dongtan eco-city have also lived on through the international circulation of a piece of planning software that was first developed for the failed project. This paper contributes to the policy mobilities literature by challenging its dominant focus on successful exemplars and exploring how a project fails in implementation yet parts of it remain mobile, influential and present in other developments. This paper also advances the understanding of contemporary urban sustainability by revealing how eco-urbanism models are co-produced in this globalizing era between the global North and South, as well as within the global South.

scholarly journals Internal colonisation: The intimate circulations of empire, race and liberal government

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 765-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe Turner
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
Black Studies ◽  
Knowledge Practices ◽  
Global North ◽  
Liberal Government ◽  
Colonial Histories ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
North And South

This article proposes that ‘internal colonisation’ provides a necessary lens through which to explore the relationship between violence and race in contemporary liberal government. Contributing to an increasing interest in race in International Relations, this article proposes that while racism remains a vital demarcation in liberal government between forms of worthy/unworthy life, this is continually shaped by colonial histories and ongoing projects of empire that manifest in the Global North and South in familiar, if not identical, ways. In unpacking the concept of internal colonisation and its intellectual history from Black Studies into colonial historiography and political geography, I highlight how (neo-)metropolitan states such as Britain were always active imperial terrain and subjected to forms of colonisation. This recognises how metropole and colonies were bounded together through colonisation and how knowledge and practices of rule were appropriated onto a heterogeneity of racialised and undesirable subjects both within colonies and Britain. Bringing the argument up to date, I show how internal colonisation remains diverse and dispersed under liberal empire — enhanced through the war on terror. To do this, I sketch out how forms of ‘armed social work’ central to counterinsurgency in Afghanistan and Iraq are also central to the management of sub-populations in Britain through the counterterrorism strategy Prevent. Treating (neo-)metropoles such as the UK as part of imperial terrain helps us recognise the way in which knowledge/practices of colonisation have worked across multiple populations and been invested in mundane sites of liberal government. This brings raced histories into closer encounters with the (re)making of a raced present.

scholarly journals Factors other than medical acuity that influence hospitalisation: a scoping review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e028949
Author(s):  
Mellena Giday ◽  
Meghaan Hawes ◽  
Ann Madhavan ◽  
Maralyssa Bann
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Review Process ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Medical Illness ◽  
Common Language ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Medical Issues ◽  
Review Protocol

IntroductionThere is evidence that patients are admitted to the hospital with low-acuity medical issues, though delineation of the underlying factors has not been comprehensively explored. This scoping review will provide an overview of the existing literature regarding factors outside of acute medical illness that influence hospitalisation of adults. The review will also seek to provide a review of common language and definitions used in the research on this phenomenon.Methods and analysisThe scoping review framework, outlined by Arksey and O’Malley and expanded on by Levacet al, will be used as the basis for this study. A systematic search of seven databases (PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Web of Science, Sociological Abstracts and Social Science Abstracts) will be conducted to identify existing literature followed by a standardised two-phase, two-reviewer process to select relevant papers for inclusion. Relevant studies will investigate adult non-psychiatric hospital admission plus at least one additional factor unrelated to medical acuity. Details of the work will be extracted, including the terminology used and perspectives included. An assessment of methodological quality will be performed using a tool designed for mixed-methods systematic review.Ethics and disseminationThe scoping review protocol delineates a transparent and rigorous review process, the results of which will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication and presentation at relevant local or national meetings. The study does not require ethics approval as the data will be accumulated through the review of published, peer-reviewed literature and grey literature.

To the Richest Go the Spoils? Immigration, Development, and the North-South Divide, 1970–2005

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-292
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Sanderson
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Global South ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The North ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Global North ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
North And South

This paper empirically assesses, for the first time, the relationship between immigration and national economic development in both the global North and the global South. A series of panel models demonstrate that immigration exacerbates North-South inequalities through differential effects on average per capita incomes in the global North and global South. Immigration has positive effects on average incomes in both the North and the South, but the effect is larger in the global North. Thus the relationship between immigration and development evinces a Matthew Effect at the world level: by contributing to differential levels of economic development in the North and South, immigration widens international inequalities in the long term, resulting in the accumulation of advantage in the North. The implications of the results are discussed in the context theory and policy on the migration-development nexus.

From Risk to Waste: Global Food Waste Regimes

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 27-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsuzsa Gille
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
A Value ◽  
Waste Production ◽  
Global Connections ◽  
Global North ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
North And South ◽  
Global Food ◽  
Structural Determinant

This article utilizes the concept of waste regimes in order to understand the global connections involved in generating food waste. This concept treats waste as a social relationship and assumes that in any economy there is a waste circulation in addition to a value circulation, and that the two are interdependent. For this reason, the author critiques metaphors, such as value chains or supply chains, that have dominated the scholarship on food and agriculture. Creatively utilizing secondary empirical data on the Global North and South from that scholarship, the findings indicate that the unequal organization of uncertainty is a key structural determinant of food waste production in both. The relationship between risk and waste stretches across not only geographical but also scalar boundaries, revealing that solutions to the ‘food waste problem’ limited to technological innovation and a few sites or even countries will prove insufficient and will likely exacerbate existing inequalities.

scholarly journals Economic reliability of the organisation in the context of groups of interests of the business environment

Upravlenie ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-79
Author(s):  
D. A. Borisyuk ◽  
O. E. Astafyeva
Keyword(s):  
Interest Groups ◽  
Review Process ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Potential Partner ◽  
Expert Assessments ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

An important aspect of the interaction of the subjects of legal relations is the process of making a management decision on the possibility of partnership. This makes it necessary to assess the economic reliability of a participant in the relationship, both a potential partner and within the framework of the interaction that took place. The purpose of the article is to show a variety of approaches when analysing the organisation economic reliability. The approach proposed to assessing the organisation reliability from the point of view of the goals of different interest groups of the organisation business environment has been illustrated. The object of the study is the concept of the organisation economic reliability. The subject of the study is the differences between the goals (markers) of different interest groups in assessing the organisation economic reliability. The methodological and theoretical basis of the research is general and private scientific approaches to studying the essence of the definition and methods of assessing the organisation economic reliability. The article is based on the system approach methodology. During the study the methods of comparative analysis, the method of expert assessments, normative and logical methods were used. In addition, CyberLeninka, eLibrary.Ru, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were used as academic citation database. To ensure the accuracy of the literature review process, all publications were studied independently by the authors. The article reveals the dependence of the assessment and the form of presentation of the results of the assessment of the organisation economic reliability on the group of users in whose interests it is carried out.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Cannabis Use and Cognition in People with Bipolar Disorder: A Systematic Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Jordan Walter ◽  
Nina Pocuca ◽  
Jared W. Young ◽  
Mark A. Geyer ◽  
Arpi Minassian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Experimental Trials ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTBipolar disorder (BD) and cannabis use are highly comorbid and are each associated with cognitive impairment. It is therefore important to understand the relationship between cannabis use and cognition in people with BD, as cannabis use in BD may be associated with greater cognitive impairment. We performed a scoping review to determine how much and what is currently known in this field. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and PsycINFO for studies on the relationship between cannabis and cognition in people with BD or relevant animal models. Six observational human studies met inclusion criteria. Two studies found cannabis use in BD was associated with better performance in some cognitive domains, while three studies found no association. One study found cannabis use in BD was associated with worse overall cognition. Overall, most identified studies suggest cannabis use is not associated with significant cognitive impairment in BD; however, the scope of knowledge in this field is limited, and more systematic studies are clearly required. Future studies should focus on longitudinal and experimental trials, as well as well-controlled observational studies with rigorous quantification of the onset, frequency, quantity, duration, and type of cannabis use.

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