scholarly journals THE VERBAL SIGNIFIERS IN ARABIC LANGUAGE-A STUDY IN THE IDEATIONAL COMPONENT AND THE INTERPERSONAL COMPONENT-

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (07) ◽  
pp. 17-34
Author(s):  
Khadidja SAFI
Keyword(s):  
Arabic Language ◽  
The State ◽  
Language Learner ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Grammatical Function ◽  
Linguistic Communication ◽  
French And English ◽  
Current Context ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Classical Arabic

Our familiarity with our teaching of Arabic grammar detect the state of phobia that infect the majority of students when they are studied the Arabic grammar (El-nahoo), but, when I analyzed this phenomenon as a teacher and - before - studying this science, I noticed that the beginner Arabic language learner may focus on the grammatical or morphological base independently of its linguistic and current context; as if His classical Arabic is other than the language used with its many names. From a dialect, to a daily language, etc, and it is in fact only one aspect of its development, and the strange thing is that the name of the language (Arabic) indicates "' Clarity' that may not be achieved with the same accuracy in other languages, and it is a miracle of rhetoric. The expression of the souls and their phenomena in this language may be in words with real connotations, and it is predominant in the language to achieve communication, and the meanings may arrive in a metaphorical form; some words deviate from the origin of their connotations using the linguistic and current contexts, and therefore it is clear that our understanding of language is not based on single words. Rather, by referring to the sentence or text in many times to determine the grammatical function of these words, and that is what has been suggested in this research to trace the actual functions based on the intellectual and reciprocal components, which are among the foundations of linguistic communication in all languages, including the Arabic language that is the subject of study. On the descriptive comparative approach in defining these functions, in order to be able to compare them with their interviews in French and English; To set the term and its origins first, and secondly to facilitate the translation of these verbs between the three languages.

scholarly journals ظاهرة الاعتلال الصرفية في الفعل العربي وتعليمها لغير الناطقين بالعربية (المستوى المتوسط) / The Teaching of the Arabic weak verb to the intermediate level non-native Arabic student

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Imtithal Eltaib Abdurrahman
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Instructional Methods ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Language Learner ◽  
Intermediate Level ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Unit Unit ◽  
Objective Study ◽  
Arabic Students

ملخص البحث: تناول البحث ظاهرة الاعتلال الصرفية في الفعل العربي وكيفية تعليمها لغير الناطقين بالعربية، وترجع أهمية البحث إلى أنه دراسة علمية موضوعية تناولنا فيه الفعل المعتل وكيفية تيسير وتسهيل تعليمه للناطقين بغير العربية، ويهدف البحث إلى تحديد المشاكل والصعوبات التي تواجه متعلم العربية سواء كان ناطقاً بها أم بغيرها حين تعلمه لظاهرة الاعتلال في الفعل العربي. توصلت الدراسة إلى أنه من أنجع الوسائل في أن تدريس قواعد العربية أن يكون عن طريق الوحدات الدراسية؛ وذلك لما في هذه الطريقة من فوائد جمة في طريقة العرض، وتحقيق الأهداف وتشخيص القدرات العقلية للدارسين، وأن تقدم الأفعال المعتلة للدارسين بجرعات مناسبة، وأن تستخدم الوسائل التعليمية التي تساعد على سرعة الاستيعاب، وعلى معلم اللغة ألا يكلف نفسه كثيراً؛ فبعض المناطق تتيسر فيها الوسائل الحديثة فيمكن استخدامها، وبعض المناطق لا يتيسر فيها إلا القليل من الوسائل؛ لكن يمكن أن تستخدم لتيسير الفهم  تحقيق الاستيعاب. الكلمات المفتاحية: المثال - الناقص - الأجوف- التدريبات - القواعد.   Abstract: This research explores the means to teach Arabic weak verb to non-native Arabic students. The significance of the study lies in the fact that it is an objective study which dealt with the means to simplify the teaching of the weak Verb to non-native Arabic students. The research aims to identify the problems and difficulties facing the Arabic language learner –whether native or non-native- in learning this type of verb. The study discovers that the best way of teaching this verb is through lesson units due to its effective presentation form in achieving the outcomes. This would enable an eventual teaching of the verb to suit with the students’ level using effective instructional methods. This method however had different effects with relation to the categories of such a verb though it had made the understanding on the subject in a simpler fashion to achieve better understanding among the students.   Key Words: Example – al-n qis – al-ajwaf – exercises – grammar.   Abstrak: Kajian ini meniliti cara-cara untuk mengajar kata kerja mu’tal bahasa Arab kepada pelajar bukan penutur Arab. Kajian seumpama ini adalah penting untuk memudahkan pengajaran jenis kata perbuatan ini yang biasanya dianggap susah oleh pelajar bukan penutur Arab. Permasalahan untuk memahami kata kerja jenis ini yang dihadapi oleh para pelajar akan cuba dikupas dan diperincikan. Kajian ini mendapati cara terbaik mengajar kata kerja perbuatan tersebut ialah melalui unit-unit pelajaran memandangkankepada kesan pembentangannya dalam mencapai hasil pembelajaran. Ini akan membolehkan pengajaran berkala kata perbuatan tersebut untuk disesuaikan dengan tahap pelajar dengan menggunakan teknik pengajaran yang berkesan. Teknik-teknik pengajaran tersebut walaubagaimanapun didapati mempunyai kesan yang berbeza-beza mengikut kategori-kategori kata perbutan tersebut walaupun secara umumnya ia dapat memudahkan pemahaman pelajar.   Kata kunci: Contoh – al-naqis – al-ajwaf – latihan-latihan – tatabahasa.

The Guides Verbs in the Arabic Language: Are Its Terms Originals or Borrowed?

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-118
Author(s):  
Safi Khadidja
Keyword(s):  
Arabic Language ◽  
Linguistic Development ◽  
French And English ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Modern Arabic

Grammarists differed about the definition of the verb in the Arabic language, but they were in great agreement in dividing it from different sides. From these sides, we find the division of verbs according to the function of directing, which is the subject of this study. The view of the ancient grammarians to the function was affected by the grammatical direction followed (factor theory, semantics). It was noted in some of what they termed a clear dimension of the function of guidance, and with reference to the global grammar that created entrances between languages, even if the characteristics of languages differed among them, borrowing as a mechanism of linguistic development of the Arabic language has allowed, based on this way, to borrow many terms from Other languages were -sometimes- more compatible than that we find in the Arabic language used, for this reason, the researcher tried to study the guides verbs in the Arabic language; After enumerating them and clarifying their terms in the Arabic language, then comparing them with what is used in the French and English languages; It was found that some of the guides Arabic verbs were labeled with a term that is a sign of this function, and some of them were affected by the factor theory in grammar, so their terms did not express the function of directing, and after compare them with modern Arabic studies  ,and also, in English and French, we were able to find an appropriate term to achieve the concept of directing. Therefore, the researcher suggested updating or changing these terms by creating appropriate terms that take advantage of the English and French languages, as well as modern Arabic conventions..

Theories of foreign policy: an historical overview

1986 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Smith
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
International Society ◽  
The State ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Foreign Policy Analysis ◽  
Central Actor ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Obvious Source

Although it is natural to consider the development of the comparative approach known as Foreign Policy Analysis (FPA) as the most obvious source of theories of foreign policy behaviour, it is important to remember that all perspectives on the subject of international relations contain statements about foreign policy. Historically this has been the case because virtually all approaches to the study of international relations took the state to be the central actor. Thus, approaches as diverse as those concentrating on political economy, international society and Marxism have all included a notion of what the state is and how its foreign policy results, regardless of the way in which policy might be defined. Theories of foreign policy are therefore intrinsic to theories of international relations, even for those who deny the centrality of the state as an actor in international society.

Biblical Elements in Koran 89, 6-8 and Its Exegeses: A New Interpretation of “Iram of the Pillars”

Arabica ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 651-700
Author(s):  
Paul Neuenkirchen
Keyword(s):  
Arabic Literature ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
Classical Arabic ◽  
Critical Overview

Abstract The meaning of the expression “Iram of the pillars” which is found in Kor 89, 7 has been the subject of many debates among ancient Muslim exegetes. The ambiguous signification of this passage has led to a large number of different interpretations and has (seemingly) led to many myths, whether in classical Arabic literature (religious and profane alike) or in modern Western writings. The aim of this paper is to give a critical overview and analysis of the various exegeses for this Koranic verse, to study the developments and history of the ‘Iram myth’ and finally, in light of these elements as well as through a Biblical/Midrashic comparative approach, to suggest our own theory of what was certainly the primitive and forgotten meaning of “Iram of the pillars”.

Jurjī Zaydān (1861-1914)

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Sawaie
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Common People ◽  
American University ◽  
American University Of Beirut ◽  
French And English ◽  
College Now ◽  
Syrian Protestant College ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Classical Arabic

Summary This article explores Jurjī Zaydān’s contribution to questions that the Arabic language was confronted with at the turn of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. These questions pertained to the capability of Arabic as a medium of communication, its appropriateness to express new ideas, and its suitability for use in education and for naming technological items borrowed from the West. As can be imagined, the pre-occupation of the Nahḍah Arab intellectuals with linguistic matters was immense. Nonetheless Zaydān’s contribution to these debates consists of constant writings in his magazine al-Hilāl (1892–1913), and two books that specifically dealt with linguistic matters. Zaydān’s linguistic views were relevant to the on-going debate in many intellectual circles at that time. He had no doubts about the suitability of ‘simplified’ Classical Arabic in education as the case was proven at the Syrian Protestant College (now the American University of Beirut) in the 1860s. In order to fill the then existing vacuum, Zaydān took it as his responsibility to write (text)books in Arabic for use in Egyptian schools. The suitability of Arabic in education and the capability of the language to adapt itself to new situations was placed in a historical perspective by Zaydān. He argued that much as Arabic had adapted to new orders in the past, i.e., the rise of Islam (7th century), the translation period (9th-10th centuries), so can the language adapt itself to Western ‘imports’ at his time. Again, as if to prove his point and in order to bridge the gap between al-fuṣḥā and al-cÀmmiyyah, the language of the common people, Zaydān adopted a simple style in diction and syntax in his writings. Zaydān, unlike many of his contemporary Arab scholars, followed in the footsteps of many Western scholars, both predating and contemporary to him, by equipping himself with knowledge of many languages, Eastern and Western, and by applying some of these scholars’ methodologies of investigation. In order for Arabic to accommodate new technologies and ideas, the language must be subject to changes, in Zaydān’s view, as it was subject to changes at the rise of Islam in the 7th century and during the 9th and 10th centuries when many translations into Arabic were made. Zaydān rejected calls for the use of dialects in writing, thus arguing that al-fuṣḥā, i.e., the Classical Arabic language, was a unifying bond among Arabic-speaking lands. Zaydān’s actual treatment of language matters are innovative for his time. Arabic, in his view, was subject to change and evolution, not static. He examined the language by placing it in a wider perspective, i.e., in its context in the Semitic family, and in its relations to other non-Semitic languages that Arabic had come in contact with at its varying stages of growth such as Persian and Turkish in the earlier centuries, and French and English in the 19th century. Zaydān’s use of comparative methodology is innovative compared to the ways of studying Arabic at his time. However, Zaydān’s views on language origin and development can be characterized by the criteria of our times as superficial.

Alignment

2016 ◽  
pp. 33-50
Author(s):  
Pier Giuseppe Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Enactive Approach ◽  
The World ◽  
Strategic Role ◽  
Education Today ◽  
Current Context ◽  
The Subject

The subject of alignment is not new to the world of education. Today however, it has come to mean different things and to have a heuristic value in education according to research in different areas, not least for neuroscience, and to attention to skills and to the alternation framework.This paper, after looking at the classic references that already attributed an important role to alignment in education processes, looks at the strategic role of alignment in the current context, outlining the shared construction processes and focusing on some of the ways in which this is put into effect.Alignment is part of a participatory, enactive approach that gives a central role to the interaction between teaching and learning, avoiding the limits of behaviourism, which has a greater bias towards teaching, and cognitivism/constructivism, which focus their attention on learning and in any case, on that which separates a teacher preparing the environment and a student working in it.

ИЗМЕНЕНИЕ ПАРАДИГМЫ МЕТОДОЛОГИИ ЮРИСПРУДЕНЦИИ

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 32-40
Author(s):  
Ю. М. Оборотов
Keyword(s):  
Legal Theory ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
The State ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Methodological Question ◽  
Modern Development ◽  
Decisive Importance ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The Law

В современной методологии юриспруденции происходит переход от изучения состо­яний ее объекта, которыми выступают право и государство, к постижению этого объек­та в его изменениях и превращениях. Две подсистемы методологии юриспруденции, подсистема обращенная к состоянию права и государства; и подсистема обращенная к изменениям права и государства, — получают свое отображение в концептуальной форме, методологических подходах, методах, специфических понятиях. Показательны перемены в содержании методологии юриспруденции, где определяю­щее значение имеют методологические подходы, определяющие стратегию исследова­тельских поисков во взаимосвязи юриспруденции с правом и государством. Среди наи­более характерных подходов антропологический, аксиологический, цивилизационный, синергетический и герменевтический — определяют плюралистичность современной методологии и свидетельствуют о становлении новой парадигмы методологии юриспру­денции.   In modern methodology of jurisprudence there is a transition from the study the states of its object to its comprehension in changes and transformations. Hence the two subsystems of methodology of jurisprudence: subsystem facing the states of the law and the state as well as their components and aspects; and subsystem facing the changes of the law and the state in general and their constituents. These subsystems of methodology of jurisprudence receive its reflection in conceptual form, methodological approaches, methods, specific concepts. Methodology of jurisprudence should not be restricted to the methodology of legal theory. In this regard, it is an important methodological question about subject of jurisprudence. It is proposed to consider the subject of jurisprudence as complex, covering both the law and the state in their specificity, interaction and integrity. Indicative changes in the content methodology of jurisprudence are the usage of decisive importance methodological approaches that govern research strategy searches in conjunction with the law and the state. Among the most characteristic of modern development approaches: anthropological, axiological, civilization, synergistic and hermeneutic. Modern methodology of jurisprudence is pluralistic in nature alleging various approaches to the law and the state. Marked approaches allow the formation of a new paradigm methodology of jurisprudence.

PLANEJAMENTO FAMILIAR COMO ASSUNTO DE MULHER!? PERFIL DE GÊNERO NA PRODUÇÃO CIENTÍFICA NO BRASIL

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniella De Paula Chiesa ◽  
Mário Antônio Sanches ◽  
Daiane Priscila Simão-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Scientific Production ◽  
The State ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
The Subject

O estudo do Planejamento familiar, no contexto da bioética, abre-se para diversas perspectivas, entre elas a valorização dos seus diferentes atores. Situado neste contexto o artigo tem como objetivo identificar o perfil de gênero na produção científica sobre Planejamento Familiar no Brasil, entre 2000 e 2014, assim como a área de formação e especialização dos autores. Foram utilizadas metodologias que permitiram mapear o estado da arte do tema estudado, a partir de uma revisão da literatura. O resultado da pesquisa identifica que a produção científica sobre Planejamento Familiar no Brasil se compõe de perfil destacadamente feminino (71,76%). Dos 73 artigos analisados, 42 (57,53%) o foco do tema está direcionado à mulher assim como evidencia-se a área de ciências da saúde com maior concentração das publicações do tema.  Este aspecto da pesquisa abre para uma realidade complexa onde se buscam criticamente as razões para a pesquisa em Planejamento Familiar ter ênfase na mulher e ser um tema de relevância nas ciências da saúde.Palavras-chave: Produção científica, Planejamento Familiar, Gênero.  ABSTRACT: The study of Family Planning, in the context of bioethics, opens to diverse perspectives, among them the appreciation of their different agents. Situated in this context the article aims to identify the profile of gender in scientific literature on Family Planning in Brazil, between 2000 and 2014, as well as the area of training and specialization of the authors. Methodologies were used which allowed to map the State of the art of the subject studied, from a review of the literature. The results found identify that the scientific production on Family Planning in Brazil is formed with a outstandingly female profile (71,76%). Of the 73 articles examined, 42 (57.53%) the focus of the topic is directed to women as well as showing the health sciences area with highest concentration of publications. This aspect of the research opens to a complex reality where we seek critically the reasons for Research in Family Planning have emphasis on woman and be a topic of relevance in health sciences.Keywords: Scientific Production, Family Planning, Gender.

Amâlî (Imla) As Arabic Writing Technique

Metahumaniora ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Dicky Rachmat Pauji
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Wide Scope ◽  
Writing Style ◽  
Learning Space ◽  
Islamic School ◽  
Related Literature ◽  
Language And Literature ◽  
The Subject

Amâlî (Imla) is a methodology used in studying Arabic language and literature that has a very wide scope. Amâlî (Imla) itself can be translated as: to dictate, to add, to fill in and etc. Amâlî (Imla) may also be interpreted further by the following narration: A teacher (ustadz) comes to a place like a mosque, an Islamic school or any learning space in general. In the process of teaching and learning, all that are spoken by the teacher is written down by the students on pieces of paper they had prepared earlier then be compiled into a book which will be preserved. This paper presents a brief summary of Amâlî (Imla) as a methodology which is discussed in many Amâlî (Imla) related literature works written from the beginning of 7th century until the 14th century. The subject Amâlî (Imla) is written in exceedingly diverse manner, unique to each of numerous known authors. This paper also discusses about various meaning of the word Amâlî (Imla) that has been interpreted differently among authors. In addition, the method of separating chapters and other minor distinct writing style that each of various groups of Amâlî (Imla) authors had developed was presented in this work. And lastly, this paper discusses the fact that Amâlî (Imla) related textbook authors were not only originated from the Middle East, but also from regions such as Iran (Huzistan) and Andalusia

The state of democracy in the European Union in scenarios: federation, empire and Europe à la carte

2016 ◽  
pp. 90-108
Author(s):  
Marta Witkowska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Reference Point ◽  
The State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Scenario Development ◽  
Normative Approach ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Eu ◽  
A La Carte

The aim of the article is to present possible scenarios on maintaining democracy in the EU, while assuming different hypothetical directions in which it could develop as a federation, empire and Europe à la carte. Selected mechanisms, norms and values of the EU system that are crucial for the functioning of democracy in the European Union are the subject of this research. The abovementioned objective of scenario development is achieved through distinguishing the notions of policy, politics and polity in the research. In the analysis of the state of democracy in the European Union both the process (politics) and the normative approach (policy) have been adopted. The characterised norms, structures, values and democratic procedures in force in the EU will become a reference point for the projected scenarios. The projection refers to a situation when the existing polity transforms into a federation, empire or Europe à la carte. The article is to serve as a projection and is a part of a wider discussion on the future of the basis on which the European Union is build.

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