scholarly journals Polylactide and its Composites on Various Scales of Hardness

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Kehinde Aworinde ◽  
Eyere Emagbetere ◽  
Samson Oluropo Adeosun ◽  
Esther Titilayo Akinlabi
Keyword(s):  
Reference Material ◽  
Titanium Powder ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
Rockwell Hardness ◽  
Hardness Property ◽  
Titanium Powders ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Hardness Values

Polylactide (PLA) has become a widely applied material. Its hardness property has, however, not been a subject of intense study. This study attempts to examine the hardness values of Polylactide and its composites on ten hardness scales. Polylactide composites were developed using three reinforcements (i.e., chitosan, chitin, and titanium powders). The compositing method was the melt-blending technique. Vickers microindentation test was carried out on all the developed samples. The experimental values obtained were related to nine (9) other scales of hardness via an online reference interface. Results showed that the Brinell and Rockwell hardness scales agreed, to a large extent, with the experimental values from several studies. Hence, this work can serve as a reference material on the Brinell and Rockwell hardness values of the unreinforced and reinforced composites considered in this study. The developed materials were also represented on the Mohs scale of hardness with unreinforced PLA having the least value of hardness which corresponds to the value of gypsum on the Mohs scale while the PLA reinforced with 8.33 weight (wt.) % of titanium powder has the highest value of hardness corresponding to the value of a material in-between calcite and fluorite. The hardness values obtained on Shore scleroscope could not agree with the experimental values from various studies. Succinctly, the three particulate fillers increased the hardness properties of PLA. The results of this study would go a long way in helping industrialists and researchers in the correct applications of PLA and its composites.

scholarly journals Polylactide and its Composites on Various Scales of Hardness

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Kehinde Aworinde ◽  
Eyere Emagbetere ◽  
Samson Oluropo Adeosun ◽  
Esther Titilayo Akinlabi
Keyword(s):  
Reference Material ◽  
Titanium Powder ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
Rockwell Hardness ◽  
Hardness Property ◽  
Titanium Powders ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Hardness Values

Polylactide (PLA) has become a widely applied material. Its hardness property has, however, not been a subject of intense study. This study attempts to examine the hardness values of Polylactide and its composites on ten hardness scales. Polylactide composites were developed using three reinforcements (i.e., chitosan, chitin, and titanium powders). The compositing method was the melt-blending technique. Vickers microindentation test was carried out on all the developed samples. The experimental values obtained were related to nine (9) other scales of hardness via an online reference interface. Results showed that the Brinell and Rockwell hardness scales agreed, to a large extent, with the experimental values from several studies. Hence, this work can serve as a reference material on the Brinell and Rockwell hardness values of the unreinforced and reinforced composites considered in this study. The developed materials were also represented on the Mohs scale of hardness with unreinforced PLA having the least value of hardness which corresponds to the value of gypsum on the Mohs scale while the PLA reinforced with 8.33 weight (wt.) % of titanium powder has the highest value of hardness corresponding to the value of a material in-between calcite and fluorite. The hardness values obtained on Shore scleroscope could not agree with the experimental values from various studies. Succinctly, the three particulate fillers increased the hardness properties of PLA. The results of this study would go a long way in helping industrialists and researchers in the correct applications of PLA and its composites.

Selected mechanical properties of the reinforced layered composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Izabela Burawska-Kupniewska ◽  
Maciej borowski
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Reference Material ◽  
Density Profile ◽  
Natural Fibres ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Layered Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Linen Fabric ◽  
Core Materials

Selected mechanical properties of the reinforced layered composites. Publication concerns the production of fiber reinforced layered composites and its selected mechanical properties. The following reinforcement types of the layered composites were taken into consideration: linen fabric and fiberglass. Two types of core materials were tested: plywood and PUR foam. The assembled composites were tested for MOR, MOE and screw holding ability. Additionally density and density profile were determined. Fiberglass reinforced composites were used as a reference material for composites reinforced with natural fibres.

Modeling of Temperature-Dependent Hardness for Pure FCC and HCP Metals

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
pp. 2050022
Author(s):  
Niandong Xu ◽  
Weiguo Li ◽  
Jianzuo Ma ◽  
Yong Deng ◽  
Haibo Kou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Present Model ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Pure Metals ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Hardness Values

In this study, a theoretical model is developed to characterize the quantitative effect of temperature on the hardness of pure FCC and HCP metals. The model is verified by comparison with the available experimental results of Cu, Al, Zn, Mg, Be, Zr, Ni, Ir, Rh, and Ti at different temperatures. Compared with the widely quoted Westbrook model and Ito–Shishokin model which need piecewise fitting to describe experimental values, the present model merely needs two hardness values at different temperatures to predict the experimental results, reducing reliance on conducting lots of experiments. This work provides a convenient method to predict temperature-dependent hardness of pure metals, and it is worth noting that it can be applied to a wide temperature range from absolute zero to melting point.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Structural Changes in Conventional and Unconventional Machining and Mechanical Properties Evaluation of Polypropylene Based Self Reinforced Composites

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-118
Author(s):  
A Deepa ◽  
P Kuppan ◽  
Padmanabhan Krishnan
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Halogen Bonds ◽  
Awj Cutting ◽  
Hardness Values ◽  
Compaction Method ◽  
Unconventional Machining

AbstractThe present study addresses the mechanical behavior of polypropylene self-reinforced composites (SRC’s) considering polymeric structural changes after cutting. Self-reinforced polypropylene composite is fabricated using the HOT compaction method by maintaining the processing temperature at 164∘C. Conventional and unconventional cutting methods were used to cut the samples of standard dimensions. FTIR images revealed the formation of C=C, C-F, Halogen bonds after AWJ cutting initiated a decrease in the surface roughness value to 4.5μm (Ra). SEM analysis is performed to analyse structural integrity and damage of SRC’s. Structural changes formation after AWJ cutting leads to improve the ultimate tensile strength of the laminate by 20% compared to conventional cut samples. A similar trend is noticed for flexural properties and Shore –D hardness values for the SRC composite laminate correlated to polymeric changes with Conventional cutting due to the formation of C-N bond is observed after Laser cutting.

scholarly journals Machinability, Hardness and Impact Behavior of Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3S) ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
Suresha K V ◽  
Shivanand H K ◽  
Srinivas K ◽  
Vignesh M ◽  
Swaroop Swaroop
Keyword(s):  
Testing Machine ◽  
Impact Testing ◽  
Impact Behavior ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Rockwell Hardness ◽  
Hybrid Fiber ◽  
Aerospace Applications ◽  
Glass Carbon ◽  
Drill Tool ◽  
Hybrid Fabric

Hybrid fabrics are represented by their excellent mechanical and structural properties as compared to conventional metals, which results in their increased functions especially for structural, aerospace applications, automotive, defense as well as sporting industries. In this paper the hybrid fabric (Jute, glass, carbon, Kevlar) composites are prepared by hand layup method and then vacuum bagging is used to avoid voids. The hardness, impact and machinablity test are performed by Rockwell hardness testing machine, Impact testing machine and Drill tool dynamometer respectively. From the results it has been observed that different parameter affects the hardness, toughness and machining of composites

Study on Property of Ti-Based Nonevoparobal Getter

2010 ◽  
Vol 146-147 ◽  
pp. 212-216
Author(s):  
Teng Fei Li ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Xiu Ying Wei ◽  
Peng Yuan ◽  
Chang Hui Mao
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Titanium Powder ◽  
Sorption Properties ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Metallurgical Technology ◽  
Titanium Powders ◽  
Different Gases ◽  
Sorption Characteristics

The getters composed with Titanium and Zr-V-Fe were prepared by conventional powder metallurgical technology. The sorption properties and mechanical strength of the Ti-Zr-V-Fe getter prepared with three different average particle sizes of Titanium powder were investigated. The results showed that the smaller Titanium powders particle size can effectively improve the property of the nonevoparobal getter, but if particle size is too small, the sorption of the getter will decrease. The getter which was added with Titanium powder of 48μm has the best hydrogen sorption capability. With the decrease of the size of Titanium powder, mechanical strength will be improved remarkably. In the paper, the sorption characteristics for different gases were analyzed initially and the understanding for Zr-based getter is more extensive. The results show that the getters can adsorb activated gases, such as H2, N2 and CO. The pumping speed for H2 is best than that for N2 and CO.

Study Regarding the Compressive Properties of Glass Fiber Reinforced Composites

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 580-583
Author(s):  
Paulina Spanu ◽  
Catalin Gheorghe Amza ◽  
Bogdan Felician Abaza
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Compressive Property ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Compressive Properties ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Experimental Values

Compressive strength of the polymeric composites is an important data for design of composite structures and therefore a depth study of this mechanical property is imperative. The mechanical properties of the polymer composites vary in the very large ranges according to the characteristics of the constituents, to their proportions and many other factors. Compressive property and failure mechanism of polymer composite materials reinforced with glass fiber were investigated in this paper. The experimental data for the studied materials were included the compressive strength, strain, poisson�s ratio and modulus. Some of these experimental values could be affected by aberrant errors. This paper also presents an application that removes the experimental data affected by gross errors from the sample of numerical values. The elimination of experimental data affected by gross errors is based on Chauvenet criterion.

Effects of Processing Parameters on the Laser Deposited Co-285 + WC Coatings

2011 ◽  
Vol 464 ◽  
pp. 568-571
Author(s):  
Gui Fang Sun ◽  
Rui Zhou ◽  
Peng Li ◽  
Yong Kang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Wear Mechanism ◽  
Laser Power ◽  
Scanning Speed ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Rockwell Hardness ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Hardness Values ◽  
P Addition ◽  
Oxidation Wear ◽  
Addition Amount

Laser-aided direct metal deposition (LADMD) technique was used to fabricate Co-285+WC coatings on 1018 mild steels. The effects of the processing parameters (laser power P, addition amount of WC, scanning speed V) on the microhardness of the deposited coatings was analyzed. Results indicate that the microhardness of the matrix and the Rockwell hardness of the deposited coatings increases with the addition of WC and the P/V value. The addition amount of WC has the most important effect on the two hardness values, followed by the scanning speed and the laser power. Results of the optimized specimen in this study indicate that the deposited coating is composed of undissolved WC, dendrites, eutectics and the coral structures. The wear mechanism of the deposited coating is a mixture of abrasive, adhesive and oxidation wear.

Titanium Powder on Surface Conditioning of Osseointegrable Surgical Implants Topographics Aspects

2006 ◽  
Vol 530-531 ◽  
pp. 310-314
Author(s):  
Daniel Rodrigues ◽  
João Pedro Tosetti ◽  
Flávio Beneduce Neto ◽  
Lucio Salgado ◽  
Francisco Ambrozio Filho
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Chemical Etching ◽  
Titanium Powder ◽  
Surface Conditioning ◽  
Surgical Implants ◽  
Titanium Powders ◽  
Microscopy Techniques ◽  
Bio Compatibility ◽  
Two Alternatives ◽  
Scanning Electron

Osseointegrable surgical implants are usually made on titanium or titanium alloys. The osseointegration process is improved by surface conditioning of these implants, increasing surface area with no loosing of bio-compatibility, i.e., without contamination by non bio-compatible materials. The surface conditioning of these implants might be accomplished in different ways: blasting, chemical etching, deposition, etc. Two alternatives considering titanium powders are discussed in this work: blasting and plasma spraying deposition. Results are presented in terms of topography of osseointegrable surgical implants through scanning electron microscopy techniques.

Effect of Heat Treatment on Hardness and Microstructures of AISI 1045

2015 ◽  
Vol 1119 ◽  
pp. 575-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Akhyar ◽  
M. Sayuti
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Hardness Property ◽  
Aisi 1045 ◽  
Cooling Media ◽  
Hardness Values ◽  
Martensite Microstructure

The SAE/ AISI 1045, a type of medium carbon steel, is used most commonly in various structural and element of machines. Sometime, it failed during the in-service, which assumed to be caused by cracking in material as the effect of casting, manufacturing, or heat treatment processes. The current research was developed to find out the effect of hardening and of tempering processes toward hardness, microstructure and cracking. The objectives of the current research are to obtain the effect of cooling rates toward the hardness and cracking and to define a proper cooling media to get a martensite microstructure without cracking of heat resistant products. Results showed that the chemical composition from the spectrometry test confirmed that the specimens were classified as AISI 1045 or JIS S45C. The hardness values properties increased with increase of temperature, except at 1000 °C. The specimens having the hardness property more than that of ASME II standard were not useable due to its brittle.

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