scholarly journals SEMEN ANALYSIS OF INFERTILE NIGERIAN MALES IN SOKOTO STATE NORTH WESTERN NIGERIA.

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuf TS ◽  
Panti AA ◽  
Ekele BA ◽  
Nwobodo EI
Keyword(s):  
Male Infertility ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Previous History ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
P Value ◽  
Unprotected Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Male infertility can occur when sperms are limited innumber or function. Infertility is a socially destabilizing and stigmatizing condition for couples but in our society many erroneously believe it is a problem from the female alone. Objectives: To evaluate the semen of infertilemale partners of couplesattending gynaecological clinic of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH), Sokoto. Methodology: This was a prospective study conducted at the gynaecological clinic of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto between 1stJanuary 2011 and 30th June 2011. For the purpose of this study all male partners of women who complained of inability to conceive after a period of a year or more of unprotected sexual intercourse were recruited into the study. Data was extracted and analyzed using SPSS (version 11). A P–value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: There were 125 cases of male infertility recruited during the period. Majority of the male patients (51.2%) were aged 40 years and above. Considerable percentage of the patients (46.4%) presented with duration of Infertility of 5 years and above. The identified risk factors were a previous history of Urethral discharge (37.6%) and previous treatment of sexually transmitted infections (29.6%). Hypospermia (33%) and Asthenospermia (42.4%) were the commonest disorders of semen Parameters seen. Low sperm count was seen in (36.8%) of studysubjects, Azoospermia was observed in 8% while 16% of them had disorder of sperm morphology. Conclusion: The study shows that infertility is associated with relatively high rate of abnormal sperm volume, motility and count. In addition, genital tract infections are major associated factors. Therefore, efforts to address STIs through primary, secondary and tertiary preventive measures may make significant contributions to reducing the prevalence of male infertility in Sokoto State.

scholarly journals ROLE OF SONOGRAPHY IMAGING IN MALE INFERTILITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Rajnikant Narsinhbhai Chauhan ◽  
Dr. Dileep Kumar Jha
Keyword(s):  
Male Infertility ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Transrectal Ultrasound ◽  
P Value ◽  
Obstructive Azoospermia ◽  
Unprotected Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Left Lateral Decubitus Position

Introduction: Infertility is known as major problem as life crisis for many couples. Investigation of male infertility is assuming greater importance with male factors implicated as it caused half of the infertile couples. Infertility is defined as infertility is a disease of reproductive system defined by failure to achieve the clinical pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. It is also define as failure of couple to conceive after 12 months of regular intercourse without the use of contraception in women <35 years; and regular intercourse after 6 months without the use of contraception in women ≥ years. A recent report on the status of infertility in India, states that nearly 50% of infertility is related to the reproductive anomalies or disorders in the male. Male infertility include as pretesticular, testicular and post testicular causes. Common causes may be due to deficiencies in the semen and semen quality is used as a surrogate measure of male fecundity. Testicular causes are mainly cryptorchidism, varicocele exposure to gonadotoxins and post testicular causes which included disorders and obstruction of ejaculation and erectile dysfunction. There are many studies which found that sperm count of less than 10 million per milliliter is also suboptimal for fertility; however there is no cut off value of sperm count that is diagnostic of infertility. The common investigations done in evaluating fertility is Ultrasound examinations of scrotum and semen analysis. Ultrasound is a very useful modality for assessing the testicular size which is also related to condition like epididymo-orchitis, varicocele and undescended testis. Aim: The main aim of this study is to deteremine the used of ultra sonography in the evaluation of male infertility and to compared with clinical and surgical findings. Material and Methods: All the patients were referred to the Department of Radiology for transrectal and scrotal ultrasonography with high frequency transducer having a frequency of 7.5 MHz and Color Doppler wherever indicated. In this study all male patients with infertility and abnormal semen analysis and with the case of infertility with coincident scrotal findings on clinical examination were included. Transrectal ultrasound was done by positioned in left lateral decubitus position. On each side testis and epididymis was identified as completely as possible and compared for symmetry, size, texture and vascularity. Result: In this study patients with abnormality were found in highest number on clinical palpation and ultrasound was varicocele. In 18 cases Varicocele was detected on clinical examination and 24 cases in ultrasound. In 9 cases Hydrocele was detected in clinical examination and Ultrasound. In 5 cases epididymal cysts were detected in clinical findings and 6 cases were found in Ultrasound Findings whereas 2 cases of epididymitis  was found in ultrasound and only 1 case in clinical examination. Therefore the total number of abnormalities was found by ultrasound which was significantly greater as compared to physical examination. The p-value was 0.001 which shows statistically significant. Conclusion: Transrectal ultrasound enables high resolution imaging of prostate, seminal vesicles and distal vas deferens and is implicated in diagnosing the cause of obstructive azoospermia. Therefore Imaging plays an important complementary role to clinical examination and laboratory analyses for the detection of precise anatomy and level of abnormality.  Hence transrectal and scrotal ultrasound provides valuable information in the diagnostic evaluation of infertile men and pathological conditions can be detected on ultrasound compared to clinical palpation. Keywords: Infertility, Sonography, Transrectal, Testicular

scholarly journals Interventional study to find out effect of human chorionic gonadotropin and antioxidants on idiopathic male infertility

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 496
Author(s):  
Namrata V. Padvi ◽  
Pooja P. Singh ◽  
Kishore M. Nadkarni ◽  
Prabhakar M. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Male Infertility ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Medical Management ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
P Value ◽  
Idiopathic Male Infertility ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Male contributes about 50% for cases with combined male and female infertility. When the cause is not known, it is term as idiopathic infertility. It affects 25% of men. Many advances have been made in reproductive medicine which provides great opportunities, couples which were considered untreatable now have got chance to have their own babies. Various ART procedures like ICSI have been proven as an efficient therapy in severe male factor infertility. However, the cost per cycle and complications such as multiple gestations cannot be ignored. Medical management of infertility can be specific or empirical depending on etiology. Specific medical management is use when certain etiology is identified. However, in absence of specific etiology use of empirical medical treatment can be attempted in order to improve treatment results. In this study our aim is to evaluate the effect of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and antioxidants on semen parameters in men with idiopathic male infertility.Methods: Thirty men with abnormal semen parameters were included in study. Patients were treated with injection hCG-2000 IU three times a week for three months along with the antioxidants. After 3 months of treatment repeat semen analysis were performed and results were compared with pre-treated seminal parameters.Results: Results showed significant increase in sperm count (p value ≤ 0.001), total motility (p value=<0.001), and progressive forward motility (p value = <0.001), while no significant difference is seen in rest of the parameters.Conclusions: Use of hCG and antioxidants in idiopathic male infertility can significantly improve seminal parameters in idiopathic male infertility.

scholarly journals Efficacy of scroto-inguinal microsurgical varicocelectomy in treating male infertility

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Thanh Phan ◽  
Thanh Xuan Nguyen ◽  
Du Vinh Nguyen ◽  
Hoai Anh Vu ◽  
Duc Anh Le ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Male Infertility ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Late Complications ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Testicular Atrophy ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Acceptable Method ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Reproductive Events ◽  
Minor Infection

AbstractBackgroundVaricocele presents as the most frequent cause of infertility in men. Most reports showed that varicocelectomy has a significant impact on male fertility and reproductive outcome. This study aims to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of scrotal–inguinal microsurgical varicocelectomy in treating male infertility.MethodsWe prospectively studied preoperatively and postoperatively (at 3 and 6 months) 86 consecutive patients diagnosed with varicocele, abnormal semen parameters, and infertility, undergoing scrotal–inguinal microsurgical varicocelectomy. Semen test was performed before surgery and at 3 months and 6 months after surgery. The reproductive events were short-term followed up.ResultsThe median age of the patient was 32.9 ± 5.1 (20–43). Two cases (2.7%) had a minor infection of the scrotum incision, who were well treated by appropriate antibiotics. After operation, total sperm count and the percentage of motile sperms at 3 months and 6 months were significantly higher than those pre-varicocelectomy, respectively. In total, 26.7% (23/86) of all couples achieved a spontaneous pregnancy. Late complications such as testicular atrophy, hydroceles, and recurrent varicocele have not occurred.ConclusionsScrotal–inguinal microsurgical varicocelectomy is an acceptable method in treating male infertility due to high rate of reproductive outcomes and very low rate of complications.

scholarly journals Patterns of Admission Cardiotocography Decisions and Associated Perinatal Outcomes in a Southern Nigerian Teaching Hospital

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
J. O. Imaralu ◽  
F. I. Ani ◽  
A. O. Olaleye ◽  
J. O. Sotunsa ◽  
A. Akadri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Near Miss ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
P Value ◽  
Maternal Outcomes

Aims: To determine the patterns of obstetric decisions based on Cardiotocography (CTG) findings and the effect of these decisions on labour outcomes. Study Design: Retrospective observational audit. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Babcock University Teaching Hospital, Ilishan-Remo. Data were obtained from all intrapartum CTG tracings done from January 2016 to December 2018. Methodology: A consecutive sampling technique was used and the case files, delivery register and follow up records of all included CTG tracings were used to obtain maternal and perinatal data. Data were analyzed using the SPSS version 21.0. Numerical data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD). The Chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables while the independent T-test was used to compare means of groups studied. Binary logistic regression was used to assess the factors related to maternal and perinatal outcomes. The level of statistical significance was be set at p-value of <0.05. Results: There were 756 deliveries, but only 436 CTGs met the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of abnormal CTG was 130/436 (29.8%); 93/436(21.3%) were suspicious while 37/436 (8.5%) were pathological. On the basis of CTG; 300/436 (68.8%) of the parturients had intermittent fetal heart tone auscultation, 100/436 (22.9%) had continuous Electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) while labour was stopped in 36/436 (8.3%). The 5th minute APGAR score did not depend on the admission CTG finding (0.55), the decision to stop or continue labour (p=0.26) or the use of continuous EFM (P=0.66). Maternal near miss (MNM) was not a consequence of the decision to stop labour (P=0.98) or the use of continuous EFM (P=0.19). The mode of delivery outcome was however a consequence of decisions to continue or stop labour (P <0.001, AOR=0.202, 95%CI=0.153-0.265).  Pregnancy risk was a consistent determinant of maternal outcomes; occurrence of MNM (P <0.001, AOR=0.002, 95%CI=0.000-0.032) and mode of delivery (P <0.001, AOR=0.015, 95%CI=0.005-0.043). Conclusion: Decisions based on admission CTG was associated with a high rate of operative deliveries, without any significant effect on fetal or maternal outcomes. CTG in labour should be restricted to pregnancies adjudged as high risk based on obstetric factors and CTG should be used as an adjunctive triaging instrument.

The Protective Effect of Metformin against Oxandrolone-Induced Infertility in Male Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulqader Fadhil Abed ◽  
Yazun Bashir Jarrar ◽  
Hamzeh J Al-Ameer ◽  
Wajdy Al-Awaida ◽  
Su-Jun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Male Infertility ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
P Value ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Rt Pcr

Background: Oxandrolone is a synthetic testosterone analogue that is widely used among bodybuilders and athletes. However, oxandrolone causes male infertility. Recently, it was found that metformin reduces the risk of infertility associated with diabetes mellitus. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of metformin against oxandrolone-induced infertility in male rats. Methods: Rats continuously received one of four treatments (n=7) over 14 days: control DMSO administration, oxandrolone administration, metformin administration, or co-administration of oxandrolone and metformin. Doses were equivalent to those used for human treatment. Subsequently, testicular and blood samples were collected for morphological, biochemical, and histological examination. In addition, gene expression of the testosterone synthesizing enzyme CYP11A1 was analyzed in the testes using RT-PCR. Results: Oxandrolone administration induced male infertility by significantly reducing relative weights of testes by 48%, sperm count by 82%, and serum testosterone levels by 96% (ANOVA, P value < 0.05). In addition, histological examination determined that oxandrolone caused spermatogenic arrest which was associated with 2-fold downregulation of testicular CYP11A1 gene expression. However, co-administration of metformin with oxandrolone significantly ameliorated toxicological alterations induced by oxandrolone exposure (ANOVA, P value < 0.05). Conclusion: Metformin administration protected against oxandrolone-induced infertility in male rats. Further clinical studies are needed to confirm the protective effect of metformin against oxandrolone-induced infertility among athletes.

scholarly journals Is there a place for nutritional supplements in the treatment of idiopathic male infertility?

2014 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Arcaniolo ◽  
Vincenzo Favilla ◽  
Daniele Tiscione ◽  
Francesca Pisano ◽  
Giorgio Bozzini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Male Infertility ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Nutritional Supplements ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Male Factor ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Idiopathic Male Infertility ◽  
Infertile Men ◽  
Wide Variability

Objective: Infertility affects 15% of couples in fertile age. Male factor is a cause of infertility in almost half of cases, mainly due to oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT). The purpose of this study is to review the effects of nutritional supplements as medical treatment for idiopathic male infertility. Material and methods: A Pub Med and Medline review of the published studies utilizing nutritional supplements for the treatment of male infertility has been performed. Results: Clinical trials on Vitamin E, Vitamin A, Vitamin C. Arginine, Carnitine, N-Acetyl-Carnitine, Glutathione, Coenzyme Q10, Selenium and Zinc were reviewed. Although there is a wide variability in selected population, dose regimen and final outcomes, nutritional supplements both alone and in combination seems to be able to improve semen parameters (sperm count, sperm motility and morphology) and pregnancy rate in infertile men. Conclusions: There are rising evidences from published randomized trials and systematic review suggesting that nutritional supplementation may improve semen parameters and the likelihood of pregnancy in men affected by OAT. This improvement, however, is not consistent and there is a wide variation in the treatment regimens used. Well designed and adequately powered RCTs are needed to better clarify the role of nutritional supplements as treatment for male infertility.

scholarly journals Urinary Tract Infection Due to Non-fermentative Gram-Negative Bacilli in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal

NUTA Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Santosh Kumar Yadav ◽  
Uday Kant Jha ◽  
Jeevan Bahadur Sherchan
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
The Body ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Burkholderia Cepacia Complex ◽  
Acinetobacter Species ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Tract Infections

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the second most common type of bacterial infection of the body affecting humans throughout their lifetime. They are a frequent cause of nosocomial in fection in many hospitals. Therefore, this study was designed to isolate and identify the non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli (NFGNB) causing UTI in hospitalized patients and determine their antibiotic susceptibility profile. This study was carried in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Nepal among hospitalized patients. The urine sample was cultured and the antibiotic susceptibility profile of isolated NFGNB was determined by standard microbiological procedures. Among the total of 49 NFGNB isolates, Acinetobacter species (n=21, 42.9%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=21, 42.9%) were the major isolates and the remaining was Burkholderia cepacia complex (n=7, 14.3%). These isolates were found resistant to commonly used antibiotics. From the present study, it is clear that NFGNB are an important bacterial pathogen capable of producing UTI in hospitalized patients.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Demographic Correlates of Seropositive HIV and HBsAg Cases among Women Booking for Antenatal Care at the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
P. A. Awoyesuku ◽  
D. A. Macpepple ◽  
B. O. Altraide ◽  
D. H. John
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
P Value ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
State University ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Rivers State

Background: Infection with hepatitis B (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are global public health problems. These infections during pregnancy increase the risk of maternal morbidity and mortality, and also pose a risk to the fetus due to mother to child transmission. Objective: To determine the prevalence of seropositive HIV and HBsAg cases amongst pregnant women at the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH). Methodology: A retrospective review of hospital and laboratory records of all pregnant women booked at RSUTH in two years, from May 2017 to April 2019, was carried out. Data on patients’ age, parity and educational level and reactivity of HIV and HBsAg test at booking were retrieved using structured proforma and analyzed using Epi Info Version 7. Test for significance using Chi-square was set at a significant level of P<0.05. Results: 3560 patients had HIV and HBsAg screening out of which 148 (4.2%) and 9 (0.3%) respectively were positive. The comorbidity rate in this study was 0.06%. The mean age was 31.5±4.7 years and the mean gestational age at booking was 22.1±6.8 weeks. There was no significant relationship between their age (χ2 = 2.690, p-value=0.442) and parity (χ2 = 3.759, p-value = 0.145) with HIV seropositivity, but these were significant for HBsAg (χ2 = 13.691, p-value = 0.003) (χ2 = 13.121, p-value=0.001).  Educational status was significant for HIV (χ2 = 16.188, p-value=0.000) but not for HBsAg (χ2 = 0.229, p-value=0.892). Conclusion: The seroprevalence rate of HIV and HBsAg in this study were low. HIV seroprevalence was significantly affected by lower education, while HBsAg seroprevalence was significantly affected by younger maternal age and nulliparity. Continued screening of pregnant women for these infections remains valuable and further community-based studies to identify risk factors are recommended.

A Study of Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Idiopathic Male Infertility & Its Management by Antioxidant Therapy in Uttar Pradesh (U.P.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (32) ◽  
pp. 3023-3027
Author(s):  
Namrata Shrivastava ◽  
Vaibhav Shrivastava ◽  
Manish Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Male Infertility ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Antioxidant Therapy ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Variable Degree ◽  
Oxygen Species

BACKGROUND Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after at 1 year of regular unprotected intercourse. Male contributes to almost half of infertility cases and in almost 30 % of cases, no definite aetiology is identified, and hence, male infertility is labelled idiopathic in these cases. Oxidative energy production mechanisms are almost always accompanied by reactive oxygen species (ROS), generation whose too much concentrations can lead to extensive protein damage and cytoskeletal modifications and inhibit cellular mechanisms. A number of laboratory techniques have been developed to evaluate oxidative stress by measuring ROS level in the semen. In recent times antioxidant supplements have been proposed as useful agents to increase the scavenging capacity of seminal plasma, controversy still surrounds their actual clinical utility. METHODS 34 male patients were included in this study. Reactive oxygen species detection was done by Flowcytometry using dichloroflurosecindiacetate (DCFH-DA). RESULTS The ROS in the patient group was found to be significantly higher 29.821 (5.6300 than the control group 22.162 (1.6331 having p value < 0.001). The ROS (29.821 ± 5.6300) was found to be significantly reduced after 3 months of antioxidant therapy which got reduced to 19.893 ± 4.2299 respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that infertile men have significantly higher level of ROS (as measured by flowcytometry) & lower sperm count (oligospermia), decreased progressive & total motility and increased immotile sperms as compared to healthy fertile men. This study further proves that antioxidant therapy based on a combination of carnitine, zinc, coq10, lycopene and vitamin C & E for 3 months is associated with a decrease of ROS as measured by flowcytometry & a variable degree of improvement in above mentioned semen parameters. KEYWORDS Reactive Oxygen Species, Male Infertility

scholarly journals Reproductive tract infections among women attending gynaecology outpatient department

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
MS Bohara ◽  
AB Joshi ◽  
B Lekhak ◽  
G Gurung
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Lower Abdominal Pain ◽  
Married Women ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Vaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Reproductive Tract Infections ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Tract Infections

BACKGROUND: Women often suffer silently with reproductive tract infections (RTIs) and sexually active young women are particularly susceptible to sexually transmitted Infections (STIs). The study aimed to know the prevalence of reproductive tract infections among married women attending Gynecological Outpatients Department of Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH), Kathmandu, Nepal. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A hospital based crosssectional design was used to investigate RTIs among women attending outpatients department of Gynae and Obstetrics, TUTH from July to November, 2006. A total of 208 samples from 104 women were examined microscopically and culture using standard microbial technique to investigate etiological agents of RTIs. Study samples were selected and examined on the basis of either having discharge or complaints of lower abdominal pain. RESULTS: A total of 208 samples collected from 104 patients were examined and 26% samples were positive for different causative agents of RTIs. Thirty percent of women reported having symptoms related to RTIs and was common in young married women. Nineteen percent had STIs. Thirteen percent had trichomonasis and 7% had gonorrhoea identified in Gram stained smears and cultures. Many women had endogenous RTIs. Bacterial vaginosis was diagnosed in 15% and vaginal candidiasis in 25% of women. CONCLUSIONS: Young married women have a high prevalence of RTIs. Education and outreach programs are needed to reduce embarrassment and lack of knowledge related to RTIs. The low socio?economic status of women appears to have influence on high rate of infections. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijim.v1i1.6940Int J Infect Microbiol 2012;1(1):29-33

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