scholarly journals HUMAN BEING IN NORM AND PATHOLOGY: TOWARDS THE QUESTION OF EXPERTISE IN MEDICINE

2021 ◽  
pp. 121-132
Author(s):  
Natalia Siniukova
Keyword(s):  
Medical Science ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Medical Expertise ◽  
Cultural Approach ◽  
Ethical Expertise ◽  
Scientific Principles ◽  
The Subject ◽  
New Form ◽  
New Situation

Abstract. The article discusses a problem of a change in habitual paradigms of human being understanding in medicine within the progress of medical science and practice. The prevalence of natural scientific principles in medical expertise is becoming ineffective; medicine is losing its subject – a human being in norm and pathology. The awareness of the consequences of an object-oriented attitude contributed to the development of new notions about the subject of medicine, fixed in a socio-cultural and, later, person-oriented approaches in scientific understanding of human being in norm and pathology, as well as the development of practices aimed at protecting humans from interference. As a result, a new form of expertise is emerging in medicine – ethical expertise, aimed at protecting a human being. However, in the process of ethical expertise evolution, as the author shows, a shift has taken place towards bureaucratic management, oriented to proceduralism and efficiency. Moreover, ethical expertise continues to use socio-cultural approach as its methodological basis, which is not sufficient within the new situation of blurring boundary between norm and pathology. A human being himself as an object of expertise is disappearing.

Need of Human Rights as a Better Way of Life

Think India ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 72-83
Author(s):  
Tushar Kadian
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Basic Needs ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Labour Unions ◽  
The People ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Made In

Actually, basic needs postulates securing of the elementary conditions of existence to every human being. Despite of the practical and theoretical importance of the subject the greatest irony is non- availability of any universal preliminary definition of the concept of basic needs. Moreover, this becomes the reason for unpredictability of various political programmes aiming at providing basic needs to the people. The shift is necessary for development of this or any other conception. No labour reforms could be made in history till labours were treated as objects. Its only after they were started being treating as subjects, labour unions were allowed to represent themselves in strategy formulations that labour reforms could become a reality. The present research paper highlights the basic needs of Human Rights in life.

Individualisation as a social-cultural process and morality

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 11-33
Author(s):  
Janusz Mariański
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Moral Relativism ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Cultural Process ◽  
Self Development ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Moral Choices ◽  
Individual Human

In this article, the issue of structural individualisation, which is one of the results of social modernisation, is adopted as the subject-matter. In the processes of individualisation, it is, first and foremost, the importance of an individual human being and matters relevant to their life, including the obligation to make constant choices in all the aspects of life, that is placed emphasis upon. In the aspect of values, the process of individualisation means transfer from values seen as responsibilities (related to duties) to values connected with self-fulfilment (self-development). The consequence of individualisation is the significant changes in the realm of morality: departing from traditional moral values and standards, permissivism and moral relativism, the destruction of normativity, and the secularisation of morality. On the other hand, it creates the opportunity to determine one's own moral choices and shapean autonomous moral personality.

‘Frequent Sipping’: Bottled Water, the Will to Health and the Subject of Hydration

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 72-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kane Race
Keyword(s):  
Bottled Water ◽  
The Self ◽  
Healthy Lifestyles ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Exercise Science ◽  
Scientific Experiment ◽  
Scientific Principles ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Biological Citizenship

This article examines how the formation of markets in bottled water has relied on assembling a particular subject: the subject of hydration. The discourse of hydration is a conspicuous feature of efforts to market bottled water, allowing companies to appeal to scientifically framed principles and ideas of health in order to position the product as an essential component in self-health and healthy lifestyles. Alongside related principles, such as the ‘8 × 8 rule’, hydration has done much to establish new practices of water drinking and consumption in which the consumer appears to be always at risk of dehydration and must engage in practices of ‘frequent sipping’. This article traces the emergence of the concept of hydration from its origins in exercise science and explores its circulation, contemporary uses and purchase. I argue that the appeal to biomedical languages and concepts found in the discourse of hydration connects with much broader ways of conceiving and acting upon the self that have become prevalent in contemporary society – what Rose and Novas call ‘biological citizenship’ – indicating how the ensemble of hydration participates in wider-ranging transformations in forms of rule. The story of hydration reveals how biomedical techniques of the self can be made to double up as ‘market devices’ by offering specific procedures for assessing the self and calculating the body’s needs. In order to grasp these developments, I position the health sciences, and health and fitness in particular, as a potent site of popular culture in which bodies learn to be affected by the procedures of scientific experiment. A critical grasp of this context is best enabled, I argue, by situating the producers and consumers of scientific principles and commercial products as embodied and looking at their interconnection in processes of emergence. Through these means, we can begin to develop a fully materialized account of the question: how have we become so thirsty?

Insanity following Surgical Operations

1889 ◽  
Vol 35 (149) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Dent
Keyword(s):  
Medical Science ◽  
Surgical Operation ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Surgical Measures ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Surgical Operations

So far as my researches extend little attention has been paid to the subject of this paper. Yet I think it would be rash to assume that what is unrecorded is necessarily rare, even in days when so much more is put into print than any of us can either read or mark, much less digest, and when the number of writers seems in danger of exceeding the number of readers. Insanity, in some degree, as a sequela of surgical operation, though certainly rare, is, I believe, less uncommon than usually supposed, and it is chiefly in the hope of eliciting additional information from others that I venture to record my own small experience. On two subjects medical science has still an infinite deal to learn: first, the influence of disease on the mind; secondly, the influence of mind on disease. In attempting to contribute a little to the first-mentioned subject, I can really deal only with a subdivision of it, viz., the effects that may be produced on the mind by surgical measures undertaken for the relief of disease.

scholarly journals Editor's Welcome

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miles Groth ◽  
Diederik F. Janssen
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Global Culture ◽  
Scholarly Journals ◽  
The Subject

With far too many scholarly journals out there now, why launch yet another? Hurried readers may never recognize what THYMOS is about unless they get past the first word to what follows: Journal of Boyhood Studies. That may happen in quite a few cases at first, but we are convinced that once underway, THYMOS will take its place among the best interdisciplinary journals in English. Boys, we believe, have something to teach us about the body, sexuality, spirituality and the imagination and, for that reason, without wishing to be excessive, we want to emphasize our conviction that the subject matter of THYMOS—boys and boyhood—is central to everyone’s self-understanding as a human being in what will very soon be a thoroughgoing global culture.

scholarly journals Znaczenie empirii jako podstawy wyjaśniania, prognozowania i praktyki w naukach społecznych

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-49
Author(s):  
Sebastian Kozłowski
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Scientific Paradigm ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Contemporary Research ◽  
Scientific Dispute ◽  
The Subject

The considerations presented in the article are to be an impulse to reflect on the foundations on which modern scientific discoveries are based. The aim of the analysis is to present a number of doubts as to the accuracy and perfection of contemporary research results in social sciences, in particular in the discipline of political science. In social reality there are still many limitations both on the part of the human being as the subject examining reality and the imperfections of the tools he uses. The article discusses attitudes towards scientific dispute consisting in the clash of the scientific paradigm based on empiricism and positivism with postmodern interpretivism within the hermeneutic paradigm will soon end.

scholarly journals Asking for Narratives to be Recognized: The Moral of Histories

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Pierosara
Keyword(s):  
Paul Ricoeur ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Collective Narratives ◽  
Paul Ricœur ◽  
The Subject

This paper demonstrates an implicit connection between narrativity and recognition in the work of Paul Ricœur. This view is developed in three steps. First, it shows that the subject who calls for recognition demands that his or her own narrative be recognized. In order to be recognized, a story must be measured with history, particularly that of the victims. Second, from this perspective, the role of collective narratives is fundamental, because they represent the possibility to connect the intrinsic teleology of every human being to the collective attribution of significance. Finally, with the help of a little known essay by Ricœur, the metaphorical power of narrativity to configure meaning will be compared to the power of architecture to construct and to organize space. Both these fields give stories visibility and an ability to be recognized. 

Study on the Phenomenon of College Students' Network had a Crush on and the Educational Guidance

2014 ◽  
Vol 556-562 ◽  
pp. 6441-6444
Author(s):  
Jin Hai Zhang ◽  
Hua Jing Zhang ◽  
Song Song Zhao ◽  
Zhen Xun Cui
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Ideological And Political Education ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
School Life ◽  
New Era ◽  
Moral Quality ◽  
Educational Guidance ◽  
The Subject ◽  
New Situation

With the popularity and development of application of network in colleges and universities, students enjoy the convenience of learning and school life network at the same time, it could also be that excessive and irregular use and create network obsession or addiction led directly to an increase in psychological problems among college students, lack of ideals and beliefs, moral quality of landslide, thus affecting the students ' healthy and smooth growth. How to educating and guiding college students, the prevention and resolution of network with negative consequences for physical and mental development of college students, into a new era, the new situation of ideological and political education of college students under the subject of intense interest.

Kwestia wolnego wyboru i zdeterminowania decyzji w wybranych koncepcjach nauk społecznych

1970 ◽  
Vol 23 (301) ◽  
pp. 35-52
Author(s):  
Wiktor Szewczak
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Rational Choice ◽  
Symbolic Interactionism ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Marxist Approach ◽  
The Subject

The subject of the article concerns the determinations of choices made by a person and their sources. Upon analysing the concepts that have appeared in social sciences to date, three model approaches were distinguished: (1) voluntarism, which assumed a lack of determination and pure volition of the source of the decision; (2) internal determinism, which searches for the source of the decision in factors within the human being itself, but not controlled by it; (3) fatalism, seeing the decisions made by persons as products of the environment in which they function. Next, the article presents the manner of approaching this issue as displayed by the most typical, in this respect, concepts in modern social sciences: sociological symbolic interactionism, sociologism with the idea of homo sociologicus, psychological behaviourism and psychoanalysis, sociobiology with evolutionary inclinations, the theory of rational choice and the Marxist approach.

THE WORK OF THE ZEMSTVO SELF-GOVERNMENT ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF HEALTH CARE IN THE ТAURIDE PROVINCE IN THE FIRST DECADE OF ZEMSTVO ACTIVITY (1866-1875)

2021 ◽  
pp. 74-81
Author(s):  
Kirill G. Morgunov
Keyword(s):  
Medical Science ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Economic Issues ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
The Third ◽  
Regional Features ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Empire

During the period of liberal reforms of Emperor Alexander II in Russia in 1864, the zemstvo reform began, which was a continuation of the peasant reform of 1861. Zemstvo institutions were introduced in the country, in the Tauride province they appear two years later - in 1866, zemstvo institutions were in charge of local social and economic issues. One of the important issues that fell on the shoulders of the zemstvos was the issue of the development of medicine. Taking care of the people's health was not one of the mandatory zemstvo duties, but the growth of infectious diseases and the high mortality rate largely prompted the zemstvo authorities to promote the development of medical affairs. The work of the zemstvo bodies was especially difficult at the very beginning of the formation of zemstvo medicine, when the zemstvos had to raise to a new level everything that they had inherited in 1866. The first decade of zemstvo activity for the development of medical science is the subject of this study. The article deals with the regional features of the districts of the Tauride province and their importance in the development of public health in the region. The relevance and novelty of the study is added by the reflection of the influence of the social composition of the county zemstvo vowels on the modernization of the social sphere of the province. In conclusion, information is provided on the results achieved by local self-government bodies by the end of the third zemstvo triennial in relation to 1866. The results of the research provide information on the state of medical affairs of the Tauride province in 1875 in relation to the rest of the zemstvo provinces of the Russian Empire.

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