Screening Kelarutan Komponen SNEDDS Ekstrak Minyak Biji Mahoni (Swietenia mahagoni (Linn.))

AbstractMahogany seed oil extract has pharmacological activities antimicrobial, antihypertensive, and anti-inflammatory. This potential can be developed into pharmaceutical dosage forms that are more practical to use. SNEDDS preparation is a dosage form that allows lipophilic active substances to be delivered to the target side of the drug. SNEDDS has oil, surfactant and co- surfactant components. In this study, the solubility of these components will be screened with mahogany seed oil extract. After finding the solubility of each component, the SNEDDS formula for mahogany seed oil extract was made. The oils used were oleic acid, VCO and IPM, cremophor surfactants RH40 and Tween 80, and co-surfactants PEG 400 and propylene glycol. The results of the solubility test were the largest components of SNEDDS, namely the components of oleic acid oil (98.4+0.00), cremophor RH40 (100.0+0.00), and PEG 400 (100.6+0.51). The SNEDDS formula for mahogany seed oil extract was made with a combination of oleic acid: cremophor RH40: PEG 400 1:8:1 with 200 L of extract. The characteristics of SNEDDS obtained are transmittance value of 98.83+0.06%, pH 5.8 + 0.24, and emulsification time of 34.33 + 6.66 seconds with grade A where SNEDDS quickly forms nanoemulsions in 1 minute, has a good appearance. clear.Keywords: Mahagonay, Solubility, SNEDDS, AbstrakEkstrak minyak biji mahoni memiliki aktifitas farmakologi yaitu antimikroba, antihipertensi, dan antiinflamasi. Potensi tersebut dapat dikembangkan ke dalam bentuk sediaan farmasi yang lebih praktis digunakan. Sediaan SNEDDS merupakan bentuk sediaan yang memungkinkan zat aktif yang bersifat lipofil untuk dihantarkan ke sisi target obat. SNEDDS memiliki komponen minyak, surfaktan dan ko surfaktan. Pada penelitian ini akan dilakukan screening kelarutan komponen tersebut dengan ekstrak minyak biji mahoni. Setelah ditemukan kelarutan masing- masing komponen kemudian dilakukan pembuatan formula SNEDDS ekstrak minyak biji mahoni. Minyak yang digunakan yaitu asam oleat, VCO dan IPM, surfaktan cremophor RH40 dan Tween 80, dan ko surfaktan PEG 400 dan propilenglikol. Hasil uji kelarutan paling besar komponen SNEDDS yaitu komponen minyak asam oleat (98.4+0.00), cremophor RH40 (100.0+0.00), dan PEG 400 (100.6+0.51). Formula SNEDDS ekstrak minyak biji mahoni dibuat dengan kombinasi asam oleat : cremophor RH40 : PEG 400 1:8:1 dengan ekstrak sebanyak 200 µL. Karakteristik SNEDDS yanng diperoleh nilai transmitan 98,83+0,06 %, pH 5,8 + 0,24, dan waktu emulsifikasi 34,33 + 6,66 detik dengan grade A dimana SNEDDS cepat membentuk nanoemulsi dalam 1 menit, memiliki penampilan yang jernih.Kata kunci: Kelarutan, Mahoni, SNEDDS,

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Solubility Studies and Validation of Lovastatin using High Performance Liquid Chromatography Method

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology ◽

10.52711/0974-360x.2021.01087 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 6285-6288

Author(s):

Nurhabibah Nurhabibah ◽

A.K. Nugroho ◽

Ronny Martien ◽

Endang Lukitaningsih

Keyword(s):

High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽

Liquid Chromatography ◽

Oleic Acid ◽

High Performance ◽

Tween 80 ◽

Tween 20 ◽

Chromatography Method ◽

Peg 400 ◽

Solubility Studies ◽

Liquid Chromatography Method

This study aimed to determine the solubility of lovastatin (LV) in different oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant using the high-performance liquid chromatography method. LV was solubility studies in different vehicle. The different vehicle used almond oil, sunflower oil, oleic acid, olive oil, soybean oil, and corn oil, isoprophyl myristate, myoglyol, tween 80, tween 20, and cremophor R.H. 40, propylene glycol, and PEG 400. Each of them was added lovastatin until saturated. The mixtures were mixing, sonicating, putting in the water bath and standing for 24 hours, then centrifugated. Each of the aliquot 2 µL diluted with acetonitrile and determination of concentration lovastatin using HPLC, with detector ultraviolet at 237 nm. Before determinate LV validated, and curve calibration at range 2-16 µg/mL was made. This study using the HPLC method with detector UV 237 nm, Agilent C 18 (4.6 x 150 mm 5 µ) column, and acetonitrile: water (70:30 v/v) as mobile phase. Calibration curve of lovastatin at the range 2-16 µg/mL with linear regression 0.999. Accuracy and precision showed that. Lovastatin has high soluble in oleic acid, tween 80, and PEG 400.

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Stability studies of mefenamic acid Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEEDS) preparation with oleic acid as the oil phase

Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi ◽

10.20885/jif.vol16.iss2.art5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 130-143

Author(s):

Yandi Syukri ◽

Septiani Eka Cahyani ◽

Bambang Hernawan Nugroho

Keyword(s):

Oleic Acid ◽

Mefenamic Acid ◽

Tween 80 ◽

Stability Studies ◽

Storage Test ◽

Peg 400 ◽

Accelerated Storage ◽

The Stability ◽

Accelerated Storage Test

Background: Mefenamic acid is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with low solubility in water. Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (SNEDDS) play a role to improve the solubility and bioavailability of mefenamic acid. Objective: This study aimed to determine the stability of mefenamic acid in SNEDDS formulation through various stability studies. Methods: The stability studies conducted consisted of centrifugation test, heating-cooling cycle test, freezethaw cycle test, robustness to dilution, accelerated storage test, and determination of drug content. Results: The centrifugation test, heating-cooling cycle test, and freeze-thaw cycle test showed no phase separation in the samples. The robustness to dilution and accelerated storage test resulted in 2 formulas of mefenamic acid loaded SNEDDS having good stability with 10% oleic acid, 80% tween 80, 10% PEG 400 and 10% oleic acid, 70% tween 80, 20% PEG 400. The determination of drug content in both of these formulations showed 98.20 ± 0.04% and 90.98 ± 0.06%. Conclusion: The SNEDDS formulation of mefenamic acid in this study had good stability. Keywords: SNEDDS, mefenamic acid, stability study, oleic acid

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Anti-carcinogenic and cytotoxic effect of Carthamus oxycantha Safflower seed oil extract on Hela cell lines

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.31838/ijpr/2019.11.01.047 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Keyword(s):

Hela Cell ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Cytotoxic Effect ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Safflower Seed ◽

Safflower Seed Oil ◽

Hela Cell Lines ◽

Oil Extract

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Investigating Non-Therapeutic Pharmaceutical Substances for Improving In-Vitro Efficacy of Clindamycin Phosphate Against MRSA and Staphylococcus Epidermidis

Malaysian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.21315/mjps2020.18.2.5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 63-72

Author(s):

Mohd Aftab Alam ◽

Fahad I. Al-Jenoobi ◽

Khaled A. Alzahrani ◽

Mohammad H. Al-Agamy ◽

Abdullah M. Al-Mohizea

Keyword(s):

Fusidic Acid ◽

Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽

Sorbic Acid ◽

Tween 80 ◽

Lauryl Sulfate ◽

Individual Substance ◽

Dependent Effect ◽

Pharmaceutical Excipients ◽

Active Substances

The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of pharmaceutical excipients and other active substances on antimicrobial efficacy of standard antibiotic against resistant and susceptible microorganisms. Pharmaceutical excipients (sodium lauryl sulfate [SLS], Tween-80, citric acid, NaOH, NaCl) and active substances (fusidic acid, sorbic acid) were investigated to check in-vitro efficacy and their effect on the efficacy of standard antibiotic. Clindamycin was selected as standard antibiotic. Clindamycin was found to be ineffective against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Fusidic acid and SLS showed concentration dependent effect against MRSA. Other tested substances were also ineffective against MRSA, and also failed to improve the susceptibility of MRSA towards clindamycin. The clindamycin + fusidic acid (0.05 µg, 0.1 µg), and clindamycin + SLS (0.5 mg, 1 mg) showed concentration dependent effect on Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis). Clindamycin combinations with fusidic acid or SLS showed better inhibition of S. epidermidis, than individual substance. At lower concentration of clindamycin (2 µg), the sorbic acid (25 µg) improves its effectiveness. SLS (0.5 mg, 1 mg) and clindamycin (4 µg, 10 µg) showed almost equal zone of inhibition against S. epidermidis, respectively. Present findings showed that certain pharmaceutical excipients (e.g. SLS) are effective against resistant and susceptible microbes, and suggested that more excipients should be screened for their antimicrobial potential and their ability to improve the efficacy of standard antibiotics.

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An Overview of Excipients Classification and Their Use in Pharmaceuticals

Current Pharmaceutical Analysis ◽

10.2174/1573412916999200605163125 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Author(s):

Cansel Kose Ozkan ◽

Ozgur Esim ◽

Ayhan Savaser ◽

Yalcin Ozkan

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Drug Delivery Systems ◽

Dosage Form ◽

Dosage Forms ◽

Design Development ◽

Pharmaceutical Dosage Form ◽

Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms ◽

Product Identification ◽

Direct Administration ◽

Active Substances

: The content and the application of pharmaceutical dosage forms must meet several basic requirements to ensure and maintain efficiency, safety and quality. A large number of active substances have limited ability to direct administration. Excipients are generally used to overcome the limitation of direct administration of these active substances. However, the function, behavior and composition of the excipients need to be well known in the design, development and production of pharmaceutical dosage forms. In this review, excipients used to assist in any pharmaceutical dosage form production processes of drugs, to preserve, promote or increase stability, bioavailability and patient compliance, to assist in product identification / separation, or to enhance overall safety and effectiveness of the drug delivery system during storage or use are explained. Moreover, the use of these excipients in drug delivery systems are identified. Excipient toxicity, which is an issue discussed in the light of current studies, also discussed in this review.

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Antihyperglycemic activity of Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. leaf ethanol extract SNEDDS in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Open Chemistry ◽

10.1515/chem-2021-0200 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 184-188

Author(s):

Farida Hayati ◽

Lutfi Chabib ◽

Faiza Dea Sekarraras ◽

Wan Syarifah Faizah

Keyword(s):

Glucose Solution ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Centella Asiatica ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Tween 80 ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Antidiabetic Activity ◽

Peg 400 ◽

Good Preparation

Abstract This study aimed to identify the effectiveness of SNEDDS of Pegagan Leaf Ethanol Extract (PLE) to reduce fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels in zebrafish. Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. or pegagan is among the medicinal plants widely used to treat diabetes in Indonesia. Maceration was employed with 70% ethanol to obtain a viscous extract for the formulation of SNEDDS with Capryol 90, Tween 80, and PEG 400 (1:6:3). Antihyperglycemic testing was conducted on five groups, consisting of normal, positive control, negative control, P I treatment, and P II treatment. On Day 1, all except the normal group was induced with 300 mg alloxan and soaked in 2% glucose solution for 7 days. On day 8, the treatment consisted of 25 mg/2 L metformin for the positive control, 100 mg/2 L SNEDDS for P I, 200 mg/2 L SNEDDS for P II, and no treatment for the negative control. The SNEDDS characterization obtained 100.6 ± 3.12 nm particle size and −7.93 ± 0.66 mV zeta potential, indicating that the SNEDDS had fulfilled the requirements of good preparation. The antidiabetic activity test found a 69.90% decline in FBG levels in 100 mg/2 L SNEDDS and 72.20% in 200 mg/2 L SNEDDS.

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FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ATORVASTATIN CALCIUM NANOCRYSTALS CONTAINING P-GLYCOPROTEIN INHIBITORS FOR ENHANCING ORAL DELIVERY

International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.22159/ijcpr.2021v13i3.42087 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 19-23

Author(s):

SARAH LABIB ◽

MOHAMED NASR ◽

MOHAMED NASR

Keyword(s):

Polyethylene Glycol ◽

Oral Drug Delivery ◽

Tween 80 ◽

Degree Of Crystallinity ◽

Oral Drug ◽

Tween 20 ◽

Atorvastatin Calcium ◽

Peg 400 ◽

P Glycoprotein ◽

Saturated Solubility

Objective: The main objective of this study was to develop atorvastatin calcium (ATR) as an oral drug delivery system for a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate drug using different pharmaceutical excipients that inhibit P-glycoprotein and evaluate the influence of nanocrystals on the dissolution characteristics and bioavailability compared to the plain drug. Methods: A nanosuspension was prepared by Solvent-antisolvent precipitation method using a solvent containing stabilizer that act as a p-gp inhibitor dissolved in distilled water as polyethylene glycol 300, polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 300, PEG 400), tween 20 and tween 80 while the solvent selected for atorvastatin calcium was methanol. The concentrations were as follows: PEG 300 and 400 = 0.25% w/v, tween 20 and 80 = 0.75% v/v. Nanocrystals were extracted from the suspension and characterized. Results: Particle size of the drug was 1307±127.79 nm while the formulas prepared ranged from 223±17.67 to 887±58.12 nm. Pure ATR had a saturated solubility of 0.059±0.005 mg/ml and the prepared nanocrystals ranged from 0.32±0.021 to 0.88±0.019 mg/ml. The Percentage of drug released of plain atorvastatin calcium reached 41.49% while the formula ranged from 44.32 to 61.5%. Both XRD and SEM discussed the degree of crystallinity as follows: F1<F2<F4<F3<ATR. Conclusion: 0.3% of PEG 300 and PEG 400 were not enough to formulate proper nanocrystals while 0.75% tween 20 and tween 80 achieved acceptable formulas. F4 which is prepared with tween 80 exhibited the highest enhancement in saturated solubility, dissolution rate and subsequently expected to have improved oral bioavailability.

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ENHANCED ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY OF STREPTOMYCES GRISEOPLANUS L-ASPARGINASE VIA ITS INCORPORATION IN AN OIL-BASED NANOCARRIER

International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics ◽

10.22159/ijap.2020v12i5.38360 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 203-210

Author(s):

ABEER A. EL-HADI ◽

HANAN MOSTAFA AHMED ◽

RANIA A. ZAKI ◽

AMIRA MOHAMED MOHSEN

Keyword(s):

Thermal Stability ◽

Oleic Acid ◽

Enzymatic Activity ◽

Specific Activity ◽

Residual Activity ◽

Tween 80 ◽

Biochemical Properties ◽

Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽

Tween 20 ◽

Ph Range

Objective: L-asparaginase (L-asp) is a vital enzyme used as a therapeutic agent in combination with other drugs in the treatment of acute lymphoma, melanosarcoma and lymphocytic leukemia. Immobilization of enzymes through loading on nanoemulsion (NE) results in some advantages such as enhancing their stability and increasing their resistance to proteases. Aim of the present study is to formulate L-asp loaded nanoemulsion to enhance its efficiency and thermal stability. Methods: Nanoemulsion loaded with L-asp crude extract (specific activity 13.23U/mg protein) was prepared employing oleic acid as oil, tween 20/tween 80 as surfactants and propylene glycol (PG) as co-surfactant. L-asp loaded NE underwent several thermodynamic stability studies and the optimized formulae were further examined for their biochemical properties and thermal stability. Results The developed formulations were spherical in shape and their sizes were in the nanometric dimensions with negatively charged zeta potential values. Upon comparing the enzyme activity of L-asp loaded NE employing tween 20 (F1) or tween80 (F4) at different concentrations, the results revealed that F4 NE showed higher enzymatic activity [323 U/ml] compared to F1 NE [197 U/ml] at the same concentration. The nanosized immobilized L-asp was more stable in the pH range from 8 to 8.5 as compared to free L-asp. The immobilized enzyme preserved about 59.11% of its residual activity at 50 °C; while free L-asp preserved about 33.84%. Conclusion: In the view of these results, NE composed of oleic acid, tween 80 and PG represents a promising dosage form for enhancing the activity and stability of Streptomyces griseoplanus L-asp.

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