scholarly journals Adaptación cristiana de las defensas de la Alcazaba de Almería durante el siglo XVI

X ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Garzón Osuna
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Military Installations ◽  
Military Installation ◽  
Rapid Construction ◽  
The Face ◽  
The City ◽  
The Doors

Christian adaptation of the defences of the Alcazaba of Almeria during the sixteenth centuryAfter the capitulation of the nasrid city of Almería (1489), the new Castilian administration was able to verify the state of ruin of its defences due to the earthquake of 1487, ordering the rapid construction of a castle on the highest point of the battered hispano-muslim Alcazaba. Between 1490 and 1502 the castle was built, incorporating in its design the most effective systems of the time to repel an attack with gunpowder. The typological references of this military installation correspond to the School of Valladolid; with a long tradition in the construction of castles. In parallel with the completion of these works, the Catholic Monarchs ordered in 1501 to armor the defence of the coasts of the Kingdom of Granada, articulating and extending the medieval system of watchtowers scattered along the coast, to counteract the fragility of the annexed territories, the mestizaje of its people, and the proximity of Africa. Thus concluded the works in the Castle, the works were centred in the repair of the walls of the city, action that will extend to the fences of the Alcazaba (1526). Towards 1547, attacks by turkish and berber pirates followed one another on the Almeria coast in the face of the defencelessness of the population. These incursions led to concern about the proper conservation of military installations. As a consequence of this, the old Alcazaba was adapted to the distant war offered by the use of gunpowder. The first interventions were designed by Luis de Machuca, architect of the Palace of Carlos V in the Alhambra. This accommodation included the construction of the bastions of the Campana (1550) and the repair of the doors of Justice and the Guard (1565), completing the program due to the proximity of the War with the Moriscos, with the construction of the bastions of the San Matías and Espolón (1568).

scholarly journals Creating Legal Facts: Indigenous People versus State Plantation Companies in Medan, Indonesia

PCD Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Wina Khairina ◽  
Christian Lund
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Local Community ◽  
The State ◽  
Gang Violence ◽  
Land Access ◽  
The Face ◽  
The City ◽  
Law Making

This paper examines how a local community has tried to legalise its possession of land in the outskirts of the city of Medan, Indonesia. In the absence of accessible legal pathways and in the face of state and gang violence, the community has resorted to an imaginative mimicry of legal land access procedures. This paper argues that law-making does not exclusively originate from the state, but also from society, and as such the community has effectively created legal facts. Data were collected through interviews and long-term contact with the community.

Resilience of Nurses in the Face of Disaster

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 601-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie B. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Full Range ◽  
The State ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
City Hospital ◽  
Resilience Scale ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
The Face ◽  
High Level ◽  
The City

AbstractObjectiveOn April 27, 2011, the state of Alabama encountered a horrific day of tornados that left a trail of damage throughout the state. The city of Tuscaloosa was devastated by an EF-4 that resulted in many victims and casualties. Druid City Hospital in Tuscaloosa had a massive inflow of victims with both mild and major injuries. When disasters such as this occur, nurses must respond with efficiency and effectiveness to help as many victims as possible. However, little is known about the psychological effects of disasters on nurses and how these impact nurses both personally and professionally. Because resilience can directly impact how a nurse responds to a situation, this article aimed to examine the resilience levels of nurses working during the disaster.MethodsThis study was part of a larger study examining the needs of nurses both before and after disasters. Ten nurses were interviewed and completed a 10-item survey on resilience, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). The full range of scores on this scale is from 0 to 40, with higher scores reflecting greater resilience.ResultsIn this survey of 10 nurses, the scores ranged from 33 to 40, with a mean score of 36.7.ConclusionsThe nurses who were interviewed and completed the survey possessed a high level of resilience. More research should be done on the causes of increased resilience in nurses after disasters. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;9:601–604)

scholarly journals TIPOLOGI INSTALASI MILITER JEPANG DI KOTA PALEMBANG, SUMATERA SELATAN

Siddhayatra ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Muhammad Riyad Nes
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Military Installations ◽  
Irregular Shapes ◽  
Special Analysis ◽  
Military Installation ◽  
Spatial Approach ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Military ◽  
The City

The military installation is a defense building that is specifically established,strengthened and closed, serves to protect an area or army from enemy attacks. The purpose of this paper is to find out the shape and function of military installations in the city of Palembang. This research method consists of the stages of data collection and special analysis using a spatial approach. The results of this study indicate that military installations in the city of Palembang have several forms, namely irregular shapes, U, rectangular, rectangular and circular / circular shapes. The function of the military installation is to maintain the oil mining area in the city of Palembang and as a base of defense and a place to spy on the enemy.

Changes of State

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annabel S. Brett
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
The State ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Complex Dynamic ◽  
Modern Natural ◽  
Political Boundaries ◽  
The Face ◽  
The City ◽  
Porous Boundaries

This is a book about the theory of the city or commonwealth, what would come to be called the state, in early modern natural law discourse. It takes a fresh approach by looking at this political entity from the perspective of its boundaries and those who crossed them. The book begins with a classic debate from the Spanish sixteenth century over the political treatment of mendicants, showing how cosmopolitan ideals of porous boundaries could simultaneously justify the freedoms of itinerant beggars and the activities of European colonists in the Indies. It goes on to examine the boundaries of the state in multiple senses, including the fundamental barrier between human beings and animals and the limits of the state in the face of the natural lives of its subjects, as well as territorial frontiers. The book reveals how early modern political space was constructed from a complex dynamic of inclusion and exclusion. Throughout, the book shows that early modern debates about political boundaries displayed unheralded creativity and virtuosity but were nevertheless vulnerable to innumerable paradoxes, contradictions, and loose ends. The book resonates with modern debates about globalization and the transformation of the nation-state.

scholarly journals Study and monitoring of the stability of a rock mass at the Dar-El-Oued tunnel, wilaya of Jijel – Algeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
pp. 02069
Author(s):  
Chahra Yellas ◽  
Riad Benzaid ◽  
Mustapha Tekkouk
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
The State ◽  
Underground Structures ◽  
Surface Displacements ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Stability ◽  
National Road ◽  
The City ◽  
Good Agreement

The construction of a civil engineering work requires many preliminary studies as well as various calculation methods to give an assessment or a forecast of the state of the rock in place and the behavior of the structure in its real environment and under various conditions (construction phase, service and operating phase). The present work concerns the access zone of the Dar-El-Oued tunnel, located on the national road n°43 about 40 km West of the city of Jijel (northeastern Algeria). The geotechnical study of this tunnel was carried out following the classification methods relating to underground structures. Through the results of this study we have determined the influence of land pressures on the mechanical behavior of the ground, which allowed us to measure the state of stress in the rock and to make a comparison between the results of the measurements of convergence and that of numerical modeling. On the other hand, the influence of the velocity of vibration induced by explosive shots has been discussed in order to check the stability of the face as the digging progresses. From the results obtained, it can be said that the surface displacements of the soil are relatively small compared to those determined by the numerical model at the level of the vault and the slab. Note the good agreement between the results provided by our numerical model and those obtained in-situ.

Ras al Khaimah: further archaeological discoveries

Antiquity ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 50 (200) ◽  
pp. 216-222
Author(s):  
Beatrice De Cardi
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
The State ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City

Ras a1 Khaimah is the most northerly of the seven states comprising the United Arab Emirates and its Ruler, H. H. Sheikh Saqr bin Mohammad al-Qasimi, is keenly interested in the history of the state and its people. Survey carried out there jointly with Dr D. B. Doe in 1968 had focused attention on the site of JuIfar which lies just north of the present town of Ras a1 Khaimah (de Cardi, 1971, 230-2). Julfar was in existence in Abbasid times and its importance as an entrep6t during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries-the Portuguese Period-is reflected by the quantity and variety of imported wares to be found among the ruins of the city. Most of the sites discovered during the survey dated from that period but a group of cairns near Ghalilah and some long gabled graves in the Shimal area to the north-east of the date-groves behind Ras a1 Khaimah (map, FIG. I) clearly represented a more distant past.

Russian Youth in Moscow in the System of Interethnic Relations

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 88-105
Author(s):  
Lyubov V. Ostapenko ◽  
Roman A. Starchenko ◽  
Irina A. Subbotina
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Russian Population ◽  
Interethnic Relations ◽  
The Face ◽  
Interethnic Interaction ◽  
Interethnic Marriages ◽  
The City

Young people’s participation in optimizing interethnic relations is becoming particularly important in the face of growing interethnic tension, a rise of distrust and suspicion between countries and nations. Based on the analysis of data from the survey carried out among Muscovites aged 16-29, the article is aimed at showing the scale and nature of interethnic interaction between the Russian population of the capital and representatives of other ethnic groups in Moscow, attitude towards such contacts in different spheres of life (including interethnic marriages), young people’s evaluation of the interethnic situation in the city and opinion on the reasons for its instability.

Em transe-to

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-55
Author(s):  
Natalia Christofoletti Barrenha
Keyword(s):  
The Face ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The City

This text seeks to explore the Argentine films Castro (Alejo Moguillansky, 2009) and El asaltante (Pablo Fendrik, 2007) from within the displacement of their characters through the city. This transit configures the organising element of the plots, determining the direction and rhythm of events. The escape motto will structure the film analyses, which are also twinned by the sensory apprehension that comes from the spaces they travel through. The notion of escape, as explored by Esteban Dipaola in Argentine cinema of the 1990s, continues to throb in mid-to-late 2000s production, and in these films represents the means by which the protagonists deploy critical attitudes—sometimes radical and explosive, sometimes silent—in the face of fixed notions, suggesting some scepticism about the “stability” and “order” that they (dis)encounter in normality. RESUMEN Este texto busca explorar los largometrajes argentinos Castro (Alejo Moguillansky, 2009) y El asaltante (Pablo Fendrik, 2007) a partir del desplazamiento de sus personajes por la ciudad. El transitar se configura como elemento organizador de las tramas, determinando la dirección y el ritmo de los acontecimientos. El tema de la fuga irá estructurando los análisis de las películas, las cuales también están relacionadas por la aprehensión sensorial que hacen de los espacios que recorren. La noción de fuga, tal y como fue explorada por Esteban Dipaola en el cine argentino de los años 90, continúa vigente en la producción de mediados/fines de la primera década del siglo XXI, y en estas películas es el recurso por medio del cual los protagonistas despliegan actitudes críticas – a veces radicales y explosivas, y a veces silenciosas – frente a nociones convencionales, lo cual hace pensar que existe un cierto escepticismo con relación a la “estabilidad” y al “orden” que ellos (des)encuentran en la normalidad. RESUMO Este texto busca explorar os longas-metragens argentinos Castro (Alejo Moguillansky, 2009) e El asaltante (Pablo Fendrik, 2007) a partir do deslocamento de seus personagens pela cidade. O transitar configura-se como elemento organizador das tramas, determinando a direção e o ritmo dos acontecimentos. O mote da fuga estruturará as análises dos filmes, os quais também se irmanam pela apreensão sensorial que fazem dos espaços que percorrem. A noção de fuga, conforme explorada por Esteban Dipaola no cinema argentino da década de 1990, continua a pulsar na produção de meados/fins dos anos 2000, e é, nestes filmes, o recurso através do qual os protagonistas desdobram atitudes críticas – às vezes radicais e explosivas, às vezes silenciosas – diante de noções fixas, sugerindo certo ceticismo em relação à “estabilidade” e à “ordem” que eles (des)encontram na normalidade.

Yu.F. Samarin’s Model of the National State: Between Archaic and Modern

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 149-155
Author(s):  
Alexey B. Panchenko
Keyword(s):  
Rural Community ◽  
Fundamental Difference ◽  
The State ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
National State ◽  
Basic Model ◽  
The Face ◽  
Identical Position ◽  
Ethnocultural Community ◽  
Communicative Space

Yu. F. Samarin’s works are traditionally viewed through the prism of his affiliation with Slavophilism. His view of the state is opposed to the idea of the complex empire based on unequal interaction of the central power with the elite of national districts. At the same time it was important for Samarin to see the nation not as an ethnocultural community, but as classless community of equal citizens, who were in identical position in the face of the emperor. Samarin’s attitude to religion and nationality had pragmatic character and were understood as means for the creation of the uniform communicative space inside the state. This position for the most part conformed with the framework of the national state basic model, however there still existed one fundamental difference. Samarin considered not an individual, but the rural community that owned the land, to be the basic unit of the national state. As the result the model of national state was viewed as the synthesis of modernistic (classlessness, pragmatism, equality) and archaic (communality) features.

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