Tooth Width and Arch Dimensions in Normal and Malocclusion Samples: An Odontometric Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayder Abdullah Hashim ◽  
Sarah AL-Ghamdi
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Current Investigation ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Tooth Width ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Artificial Teeth ◽  
Digital Caliper ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Shape And Size

Abstract The purpose of this study was to establish tooth width and arch dimensions in normal and malocclusion samples and to compare tooth width and arch dimensions between males and females in normal and malocclusion samples. A total of 120 pairs of orthodontic study casts were included in the study. An electronic digital caliper was used for the measurements. Descriptive statistics and the t-test were used for the statistical analysis of the data. Tooth width and arch dimensions were established in normal and malocclusion in the present study. Significant differences were found in tooth width between normal and malocclusion samples. However, no significant difference was observed in arch dimensions. Furthermore, there was statistical significant difference in tooth width between males and females where the males showed higher mean values. The same was true when arch dimensions were compared. The results of the current investigation are of great value to the anthropologist as well as to the orthodontist in understanding dimensional arch criteria and orthodontic arch wire selection. Furthermore, it helps the prosthodontist in the selection of the correct shape and size of stock impression trays and of suitable molds of artificial teeth for fixed and removable prostheses. Citation Hashim HA, Al-Ghamdi SAF. Tooth Width and Arch Dimensions in Normal and Malocclusion Samples: An Odontometric Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2005 May;(6)2:036-051.

scholarly journals A novel method of photogrammetry measurements of study models in orthodontics

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Marijana Arapovic-Savic ◽  
Mihajlo Savic ◽  
Mirjana Umicevic-Davidovic ◽  
Adriana Arbutina ◽  
Nenad Nedeljkovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
3D Models ◽  
3D Scanner ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Digital Representations ◽  
Perspective Distortion ◽  
Tooth Width ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Camera Position

Introduction/Objective. Rapid developments in information technologies lead to the wider use of digital representations of dental study models in orthodontics. Most popular way of digitizing the models is to use a 3D scanner and then perform measurements on 3D models, which requires additional and expensive hardware and software resources. In this paper we present an alternative approach based on the use of photogrammetry in the newly developed OrthoPhoto4D software that calculates and corrects perspective distortion errors. Methods. We measured individual tooth width for 24 teeth, 12 two-teeth segments as well as inter-molar and inter-canine distances on 50 models. Measurements are performed in OrthoPhoto4D software that uses four photographs of each model for measurements, uses QR codes for automation, calculates the camera position and corrects perspective distortion-caused errors in measurements. Obtained measurements are compared to ones obtained from models generated by structured light 3D scanner. Results. Statistical analysis strongly indicates that there is no significant difference between the two methods. The recorded differences also have no clinical impact as they have mean values of 0.2 mm for individual tooth widths, approximately 0.2 mm for two teeth segments, and under 0.3 mm for both intercanine and inter-molar distances. All recorded differences fall within the expected measurement error. Conclusion. We concluded that the described photogrammetry measurements performed in OrthoPhoto4D can be used in diagnosis and therapy planning.

scholarly journals Are there sex differences in the body size of the Eurasian red squirrel in Slovakia?

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Čanády ◽  
Ladislav Mošanský ◽  
Peter Krišovský
Keyword(s):  
Function Analysis ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
The Body ◽  
Red Squirrel ◽  
Sexual Interaction ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Foot Length ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hind Foot ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract Sexual dimorphism of the Eurasian red squirrel on five somatic variables (head-and-body length, tail length, hind foot length, ear length and body weight) was evaluated on 55 squirrels. The overlap of values of the measured traits among sexes was high, but in all traits (with exception of the tail length) males seem to exhibit slightly higher mean values than females. However, these differences were non-significant, with the exception of a small significant difference in the tail length and tail-to-head-and-body ratio. Similarly, the results of discriminant function analysis show no differences between the sexes. Positive correlation analyses, together with PCA values, confirmed that tail length and hind foot length are traits that play a significant role in overall variability. We suggest that this relationship could explain their mutual importance in locomotion, where the feet are essential for movement in the trees. By contrast, the tail maintains balance on thin branches, or during jumps from one crown to another. Longer tails also demonstrate differential selection on males and females for a locomotor trait. Similarly, we discuss whether variations in tail length were connected to female reproductive success. Our results suggest that the non-significant results regarding SSD provide the benefit of the same size for both sexes in the protection of territory as well as inter- and intra-sexual interaction.

scholarly journals A novel method using 3D CBCT to assess anterior malar prominence among native Bangalore population- A descriptive study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-228
Author(s):  
Sanda Aamani ◽  
Hemanth M ◽  
Sharmada B K ◽  
Karthik J Kabbur ◽  
Goutham Kalladka
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Study ◽  
T Test ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Face ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Paired T Test

There is a lack of accurate three-dimensional studies to locate malar prominence for specified population, this study aims to locate the malar prominence using stable landmarks using CBCT. To derive a novel method to accurately locate the malar prominence and to assess and compare the malar prominence between males and females among Bangalore population using 3D CBCT study. All CBCT scans of study subjects belong to Bangalore population were collected from the pre-existing data available in Radiology imaging Solutions (CBCT centre), Bangalore during the period of September 10th to October 10th 2020. This is a descriptive study. A total of 42 subjects including 21 Males and 21 females were assessed using full skull CBCT scans which were converted to DICOM format and reconstructed into 3D images using NEMOCEPH 3D software. Landmarks used to locate the malar prominence were Fzs, Z, Zm and Ans. The intersection of these landmarks is considered to be as constructed maxillozygion(My). For the accuracy of the constructed Maxillozygion point (My), the distance between the actual Maxillozygion (Mzy) and constructed Maxillozygion (My) is measured and calculated between left and right halves of males and females. Three Orthogonal planes constructed were Midsagittal, Axial and Coronal Planes and the linear measurements with reference to all three reference planes in both the groups are measured. Student paired t- Test, Independent Student t Test, Mann Whitney Test. The mean distance from Mzy and my between right and left half of the face was compared using student paired t- Test. There is no significant difference (p=0.35).The mean values of the constructed anatomical landmark (maxillozygion) coordinated to three orthogonal planes between right and left sides of the face is compared using student paired T test and for both the genders (males and females) was compared using Independent Student t Test, and it is significantly higher in males as compared to females and it is statistically significant at (p=0.01). The location of malar prominence using CBCT by a novel method for Bangalore population is found which can be helpful in diagnosis and treatment planning for malar augmentation, camouflage treatment in subjects with midface deficiencies.

scholarly journals Representation of Males and Females in Myanmar Culture through a Selection of Myanmar Literary Works in English

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Tin Moe Yi
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Gender Analysis ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Methods ◽  
Selection Of

<p class="1Body">In Myanmar, although men and women have equal rights under the customary law, conservative cultural belief prevents to enjoy these rights between men and women. Therefore men are still superior and women are subordinate in Myanmar society. To reach a better understanding of whether equality exists between men and women in Myanmar society, a particular type of literary work which is reflection of Myanmar culture can be explored. Therefore, Myanmar short stories, written originally in English by Myanmar author Daw Khin Myo Chit and the selection of Myanmar short stories written originally in Myanmar by various kinds of Myanmar authors but translated into English by Myanmar writer Ma Thanegi, are chosen to be investigated. The aim of the present study is to investigate the way in which males and females are represented in Myanmar short stories which reflect Myanmar culture. Gender analysis by Khurshid, Gillani, and Hashmi (2010) is conducted to analyze the data. The quantitative and qualitative methods were used to analyze short stories. It is found that the data found in Daw Khin Myo Chit’s short stories and Ma Thanegi’s translated works were the same. The results showed that there is no significant difference between males and females except occupational roles. It can also be observed that in analyzing Myanmar short stories, although women play the important roles as equal as men in most cases, women are still inferior rather than men according to Myanmar culture and Myanmar tradition.</p>

Intermaxillary tooth size discrepancies among different malocclusion classes: a comparative study

2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman Alkofide ◽  
Hayder Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Size Analysis ◽  
Tooth Size ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Normal Occlusion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Important Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Anterior Ratio ◽  
Overall Ratio

The purpose of this study is to determine whether a difference exists in intermaxillary tooth size among different malocclusion groups in Saudi patients. The study consisted of 240 pretreatment orthodontic casts (Sixty cases in each malocclusion class, in addition to normal occlusion). The results of the study shows no significant difference in the incidence of tooth size discrepancies for the overall ratio and anterior ratio between the different malocclusion groups, except for the anterior ratio in class III malocclusion. Further, no statistical significant difference was observed between males and females. When the mean values of the present study were compared to that of Bolton's, a significant difference was found in all the malocclusion classes.We can conclude from this study that Bolton tooth size analysis is an important diagnostic tool, and should be taken into consideration before initiation of orthodontic treatment.

scholarly journals Association of Subpubic Angle Measurement with Age and Gender in a Group of Adult Sudanese Patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Awad ◽  
Rabab Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Angle Measurement ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Picture Archiving And Communication

Background: The measurement of the subpubic angle (SPA) has been used for determining gender with a high degree of accuracy in various ethnic groups. This measurement can also be helpful in forensic and physical anthropology. The aim of this study was to compare the SPA in different adult age groups (males and females) and to use the SPA to estimate the demarking point (DP) for the determination of gender. Methods: This study included 158 subjects – 59 male and 99 female. The SPA was measured electronically using antero-posterior pelvis X-rays. Measurements were taken retrospectively using the Picture Archiving and Communication System.  SPA measurements were compared between the male and female participants  in different adult age groups. To determine the gender, the DP was calculated from the means of SPA in male and female participants.   Results: A comparison of the means of SPA between males and females showed that females (134.94 ± 15.33º)  had wider SPA than males (105.88 ± 10.33) with a significant difference (P = 0.012). While a DP > 126.5 is most likely indicative of a female pelvis, a DP < 104.3 is indicative of a male pelvis. The accuracy levels based on the measured DP of participants in this study were 45.8% and 69.7% for males and females, respectively. Besides, with regards to age, the mean values for different age groups in males and females were statistically insignificant (P-values were 0.21 and 0.75, respectively).   Conclusions: According to the obtained results, the variations in the measurements of the SPA from pelvic X-rays can be used to determine gender. The calculated SPA range and DP were found to predict female gender with higher accuracy. Age was not associated with any notable differences in SPA measurements. Keywords: subpubic angle, pelvis, Sudanese, sex differences 

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Financing Methods Based of ROA, ROE, Debt ratio, EPS and DPS in Automotive and Petrochemical Industry’ Companies Listed in Tehran Stock Market

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (SE) ◽  
pp. 449-456
Author(s):  
Amin Farmahini Farahani ◽  
Roya Darabi
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Petrochemical Industry ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Debt Ratio ◽  
Significant Statistical Difference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Profitability Ratios ◽  
Selection Of

There is a doubt about benefit about eternal financing or financing through debt for maximizing the benefits. The purpose of the present study is to study profitability ratios in the selection of the method of providing financial resources through increasing capital and debt. The society under research is shareholding companies in Tehran from the year 1387 to the year 1392. According to the criteria for entering the society, in general, 67 companies were selected. Out of these 67 companies, 35 companies were selected out of the investment method and 32 were selected out of the debt method. The data are analyzed through descriptive statistics, non-parametric tests and SPSS 21 in the meaningful level of%05.  This study will show that there is not a significant statistical difference between providing financial resources through the debt method or the investment method in the four variables of ROE, DPS, EPS, and Debt Ratio. However, in the variable of ROA, there is a significant difference between the two methods: (p=0.015). That is to say, the profitability ratio is higher in the companies that provide their financial resources through shares compared to the companies that provide their financial resources through debt.

scholarly journals The Reliability of a Functional Agility Test for Water Polo

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Tucher ◽  
Flávio Antonio de Souza Castro ◽  
Nuno Domingos Garrido ◽  
Antonio José Rocha Martins da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Careful Selection ◽  
Reliability Measures ◽  
Water Polo ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractFew functional agility tests for water polo take into consideration its specific characteristics. The preliminary objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability of an agility test for water polo players. Fifteen players (16.3 ± 1.8 years old) with a minimum of two years of competitive experience were evaluated. A Functional Test for Agility Performance (FTAP) was designed to represent the context of this sport. Several trials were performed to familiarize the athlete with the movement. Two experienced coaches measured three repetitions of the FTAP. Descriptive statistics, repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), 95% limit of agreement (LOA), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and standard error of measurements (SEM) were used for data analysis. It was considered that certain criteria of reliability measures were met. There was no significant difference between the repetitions, which may be explained by an effect of the evaluator, the ability of the players or fatigue (p > 0.05). The ICC average from evaluators was high (0.88). The SEM varied between 0.13 s and 0.49 s. The CV average considering each individual was near 6-7%. These values depended on the condition of measurement. As the FTAP contains some characteristics that create a degree of unpredictability, the same athlete may reach different performance results, increasing variability. An adjustment in the sample, familiarization and careful selection of subjects help to improve this situation and enhance the reliability of the indicators.

Selection of Skill or Chance Determined Reinforcement as a Function of Locus of Control

1983 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Lyman
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Female College ◽  
Extra Credit ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Selection Of

51 male and 45 female college students were given Rotter's I-E questionnaire and then allowed to volunteer to earn extra credit by attempting either a task for which supposedly skill determined outcome or one for which outcome supposedly was governed by chance. There was a significant correlation between I-E score and number of choices of skilled task. There was a non-significant difference between males' and females' I-E scores. An initially significant difference between males' and females' number of skill choices disappeared when the effect of differences in I-E scores was removed through analysis of covariance. Non-volunteers scored significantly more external than volunteers.

scholarly journals Comparison and testing the reliability of two non-radiographic techniques of mixed dentition space analysis in Nepalese population

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 410-415
Author(s):  
Rajeev Kumar Mishra ◽  
Vashant Devagiri
Keyword(s):  
Regression Equation ◽  
T Test ◽  
Mixed Dentition ◽  
Tooth Size ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Digital Caliper ◽  
Mixed Dentition Analysis

Background & Objectives: Mesio-distal tooth size-arch length discrepancy is one of the major sources of malocclusion. Accurate prediction of space required for unerupted tooth can help in early interception of developing malocclusion. Various methods has been proposed for prediction of mesio-distal  tooth size however accuracy of such methods  in population groups other than that on which these methods are based remains questionable. The aims and objectives   of this study were  to test the reliability of Moyer’s and Tanaka Johnston mixed dentition analysis in Nepalese  population, to construct prediction  tables for Nepalese  population if these methods were found  not reliable.Materials & Methods: Study models of 77 subjects (31 males,46 females) fulfilling the inclusion criteria were retrieved from department archive.  Tooth dimensions were measured using electronic digital caliper. Moyer’s and Tanaka and Jhonston methods were applied to predict   the   mesio- distal tooth size   of canines and premolars. The predicted values were compared with the actual mesio-distal mesio-distal size. A regression equation based on actual canine and premolar mesio-distal dimensions and sum of mandibular permanent incisors was also developed.Results: Independent t-test showed that there was no significant difference between mesio-distal tooth size in males and females. Paired t-test showed that there was no difference in mesio-distal tooth  size between right and left sides of the arch. Tanaka – Johnston analysis overestimated the  mesio-distal size in both males and females. Moyer’s method at 75% overestimated the mesio-distal size  in male and female and the difference were statistically significant  while at 50% it underestimated the tooth  size in females.Conclusion: Moyer’s and Tanaka and Jhonston method of mesio-distal size prediction are inaccurate when applied in Nepalese population. A new regression equation to predict the size of tooth has been presented.

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