scholarly journals An In Vitro Microbiological Study Evaluating the Efficacy of Soluneem (A Water Soluble Neem Formulation from Azadirachta Indica) Against Periodontopathic Microorganisms

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
A Suchetha ◽  
Shefali Sharma ◽  
R Vijayendra ◽  
G Bharwani Ashit
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Seed Kernel ◽  
Subgingival Plaque ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Pocket Depth

ABSTRACT Objectives To evaluate the efficacy of Soluneem (a water soluble formulation from the neem seed kernel from Azadirachta Indica containing Azadirachtin) as an antimicrobial agent and the effective concentration of Soluneem required to inhibit periodontopathic bacteria and to compare it with a known antiplaque agent chlorhexidine (0.2%) in vitro. Material and Methods The subgingival plaque samples from a total of 20 sites from 5 patients (4 sites per patient) was taken with a probing pocket depth of >”5mm. Subgingival plaque samples were collected, cultivated, and incubated anaerobically as per the standard procedure. Further subculturing was done to obtain pure growth. Various biochemical tests were used for identifying each organism as per the standard protocol. The sensitivity to the varying concentrations of neem like 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.125% and 1.5625% and 0.2% Chlorhexidine solution was tested using the Modified Disc diffusion method. The sensitivity was tested by measuring the zones of inhibition comparing with the known standard diameter. Results The organisms isolated and percentage of identification rate from total of five patients was 60% for Bacteroids fragilis, 40% for Bacteroids distasonis, 20% for Prevotella corporis, 20% for Prevotella melaninogenica, and 20% for Peptostreptococus species. Chlorhexidine 0.2 % was effective against micro organisms cultivated and isolated in this study. However Soluneem was not effective against the organisms cultivated in this study. Conclusion Soluneem had no effect on the growth of any of the isolated organisms. Further studies testing soluneem against other putative periodontal pathogens with Azadirachtin are warranted.

scholarly journals Antibiotic sensitivity and in vitro antimicrobial activity of plant extracts to pseudomonas fluorescens isolates collected from diseased fish

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 82-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Foysal ◽  
MM Rahman ◽  
M Alam
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Medicinal Plant Extracts

Studies were conducted to identify Pseudomonas fluorescens isolates from a collection of bacteria isolated from bacterial haemorrhagic septicaemia infected carp and catfish, evaluate their antibiotic sensitivity pattern and screen the antibacterial activity of some medicinal plant extracts against the isolates.. A total of 10 isolates were identified as P. fluorescens by morphological, physiological and biochemical tests. In vitro antibiotic sensitivity test of the P. fluorescens isolates were conducted by disc diffusion method for seven antibiotics where, all of the isolates were found to be sensitive only against streptomycin and gentamycin but, most of the isolates (80%) were found resistant to chloramphenicol (C). Moreover, eighty percent of the isolates showed resistance to multiple antibiotics. A total of 118 plant extracts were screened for their antibacterial activity against the P. fluorescens isolates where the isolates exhibited sensitivity to 30 samples. Leaf extracts of Tamarindus indicus, Terminalia chebula, Citrus aurantifolia, Eugenia caryophyllata and Spondias pinnata were found to inhibit the growth of all of the P. fluorescens isolates. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijns.v1i4.9733 IJNS 2011 1(4): 82-88

scholarly journals Effect of blue laser on viability of Proteus mirabilis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1438-1446
Author(s):  
Mawada M. Funjan
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Time ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Test System ◽  
Blue Laser ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Burn Wounds ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test

The usage of blue laser has been considered as a therapeutic approach to prohibit the viability of bacterial species, but there is no agreement about optimum parameters to be used. The aim of this project is to study the influence of blue laser (450 nm) on the viability of the gram-negative bacteria  Proteus mirabilis isolated from burn wounds, using different exposure times (i.e. doses) in vitro. Seventy swab samples were collected from burn wounds of patients admitted to the burns unit in AL-Yarmouk teaching hospital in Baghdad, during the period from June to August 2019. The Bacteria were isolated and identified depending on their culture characteristics, biochemical tests, gram staining, and morphology, being finally confirmed by API 20E Test System. By using the disk diffusion method, susceptibility of the isolates to 12 different antibiotics was examined. One isolate of P. mirabilis was elected according to susceptibility to all antibiotics used.  To prepare bacterial solution, P. mirabilis was mixed with normal saline solution. Dilution of 10-6 cell/ml for p. mirabilis was selected from other serial dilutions. A number of colonies and colony forming units (CFUs/ml) were achieved and correlated to controls.  P. mirabilis was irradiated by blue diode laser (450 nm, 500mw) and exposed to different doses (24, 48, 72, 96, 120J/cm2) corresponding to respective exposure times (4, 8,12,16,20 minutes). The results of antibiotic susceptibility test indicate that the entire isolates of P. mirabilis were multidrug resistant. With the increase in laser dose (exposure times), the number of colonies and  CFUs/ml were reduced, reaching a highest inhibition in CFU/ml  at exposure time of  20 minutes, i.e. a dose of 120J/cm2 , with  irradiance of 0.1 watt/ cm2. No significant reduction was recorded in CFU/ml   at exposure time of 4 min (a dose of 24J/cm2). As a conclusion, the blue laser irradiation at wavelength of 450 nm and 500mw had antibacterial effects on P. mirabilis isolated from burn wounds with irradiance of 0.1watt/cm2 in vitro, as evidenced by the effective reduction in the viability of bacteria at a dose of 120J/cm2 corresponding to exposure time of 20 minutes.

scholarly journals FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF GASTRORETENTIVE FLOATING MICROBALLOONS OF POORLY WATER-SOLUBLE DRUG DIACEREIN

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Kajal Tomer ◽  
Dilip Kumar Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
In Vitro Dissolution ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Acrylic Polymer ◽  
Water Soluble Drug ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
S 100

The drug can be released in a controlled manner using a gastro retentive dosage type. The main focus on the novel technological advances in the floating drug delivery method for gastric retention. The preparation of diacerein micro balloon is done by solvent diffusion method, using acrylic polymer like Eudragit S 100 and HPMC K4 M. The various evaluation of the prepared floating microsphere like its % yield, drug entrapment efficiency, particle size in-vitro dissolution, buoyancy, was studied. The floating microsphere was found to be spherical and range from 85 μm - 192 μm. Whereas the buoyancy in gastric mucosa between the range 30.5% -49.5%. The % yield and % entrapment efficiency were found under the range 61% - 82% and 45.1–84.1% respectively. The microsphere showed favorable in-vitro dissolution 76.8 to 94.45. The optimized formulation was found based on evaluation of floating micro-balloons, Formulation (M3E3) showed the best result as particle size 192 μm, DDE 84.1%, in vitro drug release 94.5%, and in vitro buoyancy 49.5%. all the formulations showed controlled release up to 24 hours.

scholarly journals STUDY OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF THE PREPARATIONS WITH DIOXIDINE AND LEVOFLOXACIN ON MAIN PURULENT-INFLAMMATORY PROCESSES PATHOGENS

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (9) ◽  
pp. 2109-2111
Author(s):  
Evheniia A. Shtaniuk ◽  
Oleksandra O. Vovk ◽  
Larisa V. Krasnikova ◽  
Yuliia I. Polyvianna ◽  
Tetiana I. Kovalenko
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Definition Of

The aim: Study of antibacterial activity of the preparations, containing antiseptic dioxidine and antibiotic levofloxacin in vitro on standard strains of main optional-anaerobic pathogens of purulent-inflammatory processes of surgical wounds S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and definition of more effective ones on them. Materials and methods: Solutions of dioxidine 1.2 %, dioxidine 1.2% with decamethaxin, Dioxisole, water soluble ointment with dioxidine 1.2% and levofloxacin 0.1% with decamethaxin were used in experiment. Antibacterial activity was studied on standard strains of S. aureus АТСС 25923, E. coli АТСС 25922, P. aeruginosa АТСС 27853. Distinguishing and identification of pure cultures of bacteria was done according to generally accepted microbiological methods. Determination of purulent-inflammatory processes pathogens sensitivity was done by disco-diffuse method on Mueller-Hinton medium. Antibacterial activity of solutions and ointments was studied with the help of agar diffusion method (“well” method) according to methodic recommendations. Each investigation was repeated 6 times. Method of variation statistics was used for the research results analysis. Results: All antibacterial preparations under study are effective and highly effective on S. aureus АТСС 25923, E. coli АТСС 25922, P. aeruginosa АТСС 27853. Solution with 1.2 % dioxidine with decamethaxin and ointment with 0.1 % levofloxacin and decamethaxin have larger growth retardation zones towards S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. E. coli strains are more sensitive to the solution of Dioxisole and ointment with 1.2 % dioxidine. Conclusions: All strains are sensitive, most of them are highly sensitive, up to 5 antibacterial preparations under study in vitro.

scholarly journals <i>In-vitro</i> antibacterial sensitivity of <i>Usnea barbata</i> lichen extracted with methanol and ethyl-acetate against selected <i>Staphylococcus</i> species from milk of cows with mastitis

2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emrobowansan Monday Idamokoro ◽  
Patrick Julius Masika ◽  
Voster Muchenje ◽  
Daniel Falta ◽  
Ezekiel Green
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extracts

Abstract. This study aimed at evaluating the antimicrobial potential of Usnea barbata lichen as a medicinal plant against selected Staphylococcus species isolated from raw milk of cows. In-vitro screening of methanol and ethyl-acetate extracts from Usnea barbata lichen were evaluated to determine their antimicrobial activity against thirteen different Staphylococcus species. The selected organisms were isolated from raw bovine milk and identified using several biochemical tests and confirmed with API staph kit. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts were evaluated using both the agar well diffusion method (at 5 mg/ml, 10 mg/ml and 20 mg/ml) and the broth micro-dilution technique to determine the mean zone of inhibition and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), respectively. Both the methanol and ethyl-acetate extracts showed variable antimicrobial activity against the Staphylococcus species with mean zones of inhibition ranging from 0-34 mm in diameter at 5 mg/ml, 10 mg/ml and 20 mg/ml, respectively. Susceptibility by the Staphylococcus species tested in the methanol and the ethyl-acetate extract was 92.31 % and 53.85 %, respectively. The MIC result for the methanol extract ranged from 0.04 to 10 mg/ml, while that of the ethyl-acetate extract ranged from 0.16 to 5 mg/ml. Results from this study revealed the in vitro microbial activity of Usnea barbata extracts which indicate its potential as a medicinal plant.

Bioprospective potentials of endophytic fungi penicillium SPP isolated from leaves of azadirachta indica (A. JUSS)

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Salisu Abubakar ◽  
Rebeccah Wusa Ndana ◽  
Abolade Samuel Afolabi
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Surface Sterilization ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Penicillium Spp

The focus of this research work was to isolates and identify endophytic fungi from young leaves and stems (twig) of Azadirachta indica, family (Meliaceae) for the production and assay of the produced secondary metabolites. Altogether 126 segments were used, of which 63 segments each from leaves and stems (twig) tissues were screened, using modified surface sterilization techniques. A total of 12 species of endophytic fungi were purely isolated, Penicillium spp was randomly selected for the extraction and evaluation of its secondary metabolites. The eluent collected from column chromatography mixture of ethylacetate and n- hexane (50:50v/v) was phytochemically screened, and the results showed the presence of saponins, flavonoids and phenols. Based on disc diffusion method of sensitivity, the eluent possessed some degree of antibacterial and antifungal activities. In addition, in-vitro antioxidant potentiality of the eluent was also evaluated using 2, 2- Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH, Sigma Aldrich). Statistical package for social science (SPSS 3/93) software was used to analyze the results using one way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), which revealed no significant difference, on the effect of concentrations of eluent on test organisms but the eluent showed significant difference on scavenging free radicals at a critical value (p >0.05).

scholarly journals Bacteriological Profile of Organisms Isolated from Patients with Conjunctivitis in Katihar, Bihar

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 1079-1082
Author(s):  
Priya Sinha ◽  
Sangeeta Dey ◽  
Aninda Sen ◽  
Kahkashan Akhter ◽  
Alok Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Bacterial Conjunctivitis ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Medical College

BACKGROUND Conjunctivitis is one of the most common nontraumatic eye complaints and is one of the most frequently reported diseases in the outpatient and emergency departments. Bacterial conjunctivitis has been reported as one of the most common type of infectious conjunctivitis after viral infections. It is also considered as the primary cause of acute conjunctivitis in children. This study was conducted to isolate and identify organisms causing bacterial conjunctivitis and to determine their in vitro susceptibility or resistance. METHODS This descriptive study was conducted in the Departments of Ophthalmology and Microbiology at Katihar Medical College from December 2018 to May 2020. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected from 175 patients using structured questionnaire. External ocular specimens were collected using sterile swabs and inoculated on blood agar, MacConkey’s agar and chocolate agar. Presumptive isolates were further identified by a series of biochemical tests. All isolated organisms were tested for their in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility against various antibiotics using the Kirby-Baur disk diffusion method. RESULTS A total of 175 samples were collected, out of which, 62.8 % (110 / 175) showed growth of bacteria. Maximum cases of bacterial conjunctivitis were seen in the age group 11 - 20 years. The male to female ratio was 2.7:1. Maximum frequency of bacterial conjunctivitis was observed from May to September. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common bacteria isolate 65.5 % (72 / 110) followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis 19.1 % (21 / 110). Most of the Staphylococcus aureus isolates were found to be sensitive to moxifloxacin 98.6 % (71 / 72) and gentamicin 95.8 % (69 / 72). 25 % (18 / 72) of Staphylococcus aureus strains were found to be resistant to cefoxitin and were considered as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains. Maximum numbers of gram-negative strains were sensitive to moxifloxacin 100.0 % (9 / 9) followed by tobramycin 88.9 % (8 / 9). Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains showed maximum sensitivity to moxifloxacin 100.0 (8 / 8) followed by ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin 62.5 % (5 / 8). CONCLUSIONS This study provides an insight into the organisms isolated from cases of bacterial conjunctivitis in Katihar District of Bihar. Determining the susceptibility pattern of these pathogens to available antibiotics is crucial for effective management of bacterial conjunctivitis especially when treatment has to be given empirically. KEY WORDS Bacterial Conjunctivitis, Antibiogram

Formulation, Development, and Evaluation of Herbal Effervescent Mouthwash Tablet Containing Azadirachta Indica (Neem) and Curcumin for the Maintenance of Oral Hygiene

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-161
Author(s):  
Mankaran Singh ◽  
Deepak Sharma ◽  
Dinesh Kumar ◽  
Gurmeet Singh ◽  
Gaurav Swami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Formulation Development ◽  
Antimicrobial Study ◽  
Optimization Study ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Tablet Preparation ◽  
Stability Issues

Background: Dental caries originate due to the localized dissolution of the hard tissues of teeth, mainly caused by acids, developed by the presence of microorganisms in the biofilm (dental plaque) on the surface of teeth causing “cavities”. Commercially available liquid mouthwashes containing synthetic active ingredients possess limitations like teeth staining, higher alcoholic content, taste disturbances, xerostomia, and stability issues. Objective: To make the solid preparation for oral hygiene (US6428770B1) in the form of herbal effervescent mouthwash tablet (CN106619318A, US8728446B2) using Azadirachta indica and Curcumin having antimicrobial, antibacterial, antiplaque, and anti-inflammatory activity. Methods: The optimization study of effervescent granules was performed by 33 factorial design. A total of 27 preliminary experimental batches were prepared by the fusion method, varying the amount of citric acid, tartaric acid, and sodium bicarbonate. A complex of curcumin was prepared with hydroxyl propyl β-cyclodextrin and further examined by scanning electron microscopy. The prepared tablets were evaluated for pre and post-compression parameters. The in vitro antimicrobial study was performed by Agar well diffusion method against S. mutans. Results: All the experimental batches of effervescent granules were evaluated for pH, effervescent time, and CO2 content. Six batches were further selected for final tablet preparation. The results of the pre-compression parameters revealed excellent flow properties and post-compression parameters; the results were also significant. The antimicrobial study revealed the F3 as a final best formulation. Conclusion: The developed herbal formulation (F3) has a good potential to maintain oral hygiene as compared to alcoholic mouthwash and further studies may be necessary to confirm the efficacy of the formulation since only a single bacterial strain was assayed.

scholarly journals Detection of Drug Susceptibility to Azoles among Trichophyton rubrum Isolates by Disk Diffusion Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-23
Author(s):  
GM Mohiuddin ◽  
Humayun Sattar ◽  
Ahmed Abu Saleh ◽  
Abu Naser Ibne Sattar ◽  
SM Ali Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Trichophyton Rubrum ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Hair Samples

Dermatophytes are filamentous fungi that cause tiniasis with high prevalence in tropical hot, humid and overcrowded countries like Bangladesh. Antifungal drug resistance among dermatophyte isolates are very common due to irrational and overuse of them. In vitro antifungal susceptibility test may help to select appropriate drug, optimize the therapy and monitor the emergence of drug resistance. This study was undertaken to isolate and identify different dermatophyte species from skin, nail and hair samples and to see the susceptibility pattern of azoles (fluconazole, miconazole and itraconazole) among one of the most common dermatophyte isolates (Trichophyton rubrum) by disk diffusion method. A total of two hundred and forty six patients clinically suspected of dermatophytosis attending in the outpatient department (OPD) of Dermatology and Venereology of BSMMU, Dhaka, were studied from September 2018 to August 2019. All the samples of skin, nail and hair were processed for direct microscopic examination and culture. The species of dermatophytes were identified by gross colony morphology, microscopic features and biochemical tests. Antifungal susceptibility was performed by disk diffusion (Neo-Sensitabs susceptibility testing modified for Dermatophytes) method in Sabouraud’s dextrose agar (SDA) media. Out of 246 specimens 27.2% were positive by microscopy, 28.9% were positive by culture and 26.0% were positive by both microscopy and culture. Tinea cruris (32.4%) was the most prevalent clinical type among all dermatophyte isolates. Among 71 culture positive isolates, T. rubrum (71.8%) was most prevalent followed by T. mentagrophytes (24.0%) and E. floccosum (4.2%). By disk diffusion method fluconazole was found as the most resistant drug (90.2%) against T. rubrum isolates and Itraconazole was the most sensitive (80.4%). Miconazole was found as most intermediate sensitive. Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2019; 13 (1): 20-23

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