Formulation, Development, and Evaluation of Herbal Effervescent Mouthwash Tablet Containing Azadirachta Indica (Neem) and Curcumin for the Maintenance of Oral Hygiene

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-161
Author(s):  
Mankaran Singh ◽  
Deepak Sharma ◽  
Dinesh Kumar ◽  
Gurmeet Singh ◽  
Gaurav Swami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Formulation Development ◽  
Antimicrobial Study ◽  
Optimization Study ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Tablet Preparation ◽  
Stability Issues

Background: Dental caries originate due to the localized dissolution of the hard tissues of teeth, mainly caused by acids, developed by the presence of microorganisms in the biofilm (dental plaque) on the surface of teeth causing “cavities”. Commercially available liquid mouthwashes containing synthetic active ingredients possess limitations like teeth staining, higher alcoholic content, taste disturbances, xerostomia, and stability issues. Objective: To make the solid preparation for oral hygiene (US6428770B1) in the form of herbal effervescent mouthwash tablet (CN106619318A, US8728446B2) using Azadirachta indica and Curcumin having antimicrobial, antibacterial, antiplaque, and anti-inflammatory activity. Methods: The optimization study of effervescent granules was performed by 33 factorial design. A total of 27 preliminary experimental batches were prepared by the fusion method, varying the amount of citric acid, tartaric acid, and sodium bicarbonate. A complex of curcumin was prepared with hydroxyl propyl β-cyclodextrin and further examined by scanning electron microscopy. The prepared tablets were evaluated for pre and post-compression parameters. The in vitro antimicrobial study was performed by Agar well diffusion method against S. mutans. Results: All the experimental batches of effervescent granules were evaluated for pH, effervescent time, and CO2 content. Six batches were further selected for final tablet preparation. The results of the pre-compression parameters revealed excellent flow properties and post-compression parameters; the results were also significant. The antimicrobial study revealed the F3 as a final best formulation. Conclusion: The developed herbal formulation (F3) has a good potential to maintain oral hygiene as compared to alcoholic mouthwash and further studies may be necessary to confirm the efficacy of the formulation since only a single bacterial strain was assayed.

Development and Evaluation of a Novel Oral Mucoadhesive Ointment Containing Pomegranate Peel Extract as an Adjuvant for Oral Hygiene of Dogs

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-140
Author(s):  
Thais M. Silva ◽  
Thays C. A. Bolzan ◽  
Marcos S. Zanini ◽  
Taiana Alencar ◽  
Winner D. Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Pomegranate Peel ◽  
Ointment Formulation ◽  
Microbiological Testing ◽  
Herbal Therapies ◽  
Pomegranate Peel Extract ◽  
Peel Extract

Herbal therapies are used worldwide to treat a variety of health conditions, including dental conditions in veterinary medicine. In this context, the use of medicinal plant-based formulations as potential therapeutics and preventatives in veterinary dentistry is worth highlighting. The objective of the present study was to develop a mucoadhesive ointment formulation, named orabase, that contained pomegranate extract for use in the oral cavity of dogs, with the aim of improving their oral hygiene. The hydroalcoholic extracts of pomegranate peels was incorporated into the orabase in 3 different concentrations. The formulations were subjected to in vitro microbiological testing by a modified disc-diffusion method to study the susceptibility of microorganisms collected from the oral cavities of the dogs. The samples were taken from the buccal mucosa of dogs having the same management and diet. The most effective formulation was submitted to physicochemical tests to evaluate the functionality of the product, namely pH, swelling index, spreadability, and mechanical properties (hardness, cohesiveness, and adhesiveness). The formulation containing 25.0% w/w of the extract was considered most suitable for the intended use as it showed antiseptic activity and demonstrated a swelling index of approximately 35% in the first 20 minutes of the test, high spreadability, and suitable mechanical properties. The results suggest that the product obtained from pomegranate peel extract is a viable option for use to improve oral hygiene, helping to reduce the bacterial component of dental plaque in dogs.

Bioprospective potentials of endophytic fungi penicillium SPP isolated from leaves of azadirachta indica (A. JUSS)

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Salisu Abubakar ◽  
Rebeccah Wusa Ndana ◽  
Abolade Samuel Afolabi
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Surface Sterilization ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Penicillium Spp

The focus of this research work was to isolates and identify endophytic fungi from young leaves and stems (twig) of Azadirachta indica, family (Meliaceae) for the production and assay of the produced secondary metabolites. Altogether 126 segments were used, of which 63 segments each from leaves and stems (twig) tissues were screened, using modified surface sterilization techniques. A total of 12 species of endophytic fungi were purely isolated, Penicillium spp was randomly selected for the extraction and evaluation of its secondary metabolites. The eluent collected from column chromatography mixture of ethylacetate and n- hexane (50:50v/v) was phytochemically screened, and the results showed the presence of saponins, flavonoids and phenols. Based on disc diffusion method of sensitivity, the eluent possessed some degree of antibacterial and antifungal activities. In addition, in-vitro antioxidant potentiality of the eluent was also evaluated using 2, 2- Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH, Sigma Aldrich). Statistical package for social science (SPSS 3/93) software was used to analyze the results using one way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), which revealed no significant difference, on the effect of concentrations of eluent on test organisms but the eluent showed significant difference on scavenging free radicals at a critical value (p >0.05).

A novel plaster containing benzoyl peroxide microsponges: Formulation, development and evaluation

2020 ◽  
pp. 152808372098046
Author(s):  
Nihal Atabay ◽  
Ayse Merih Sariişik ◽  
Sinem Yaprak Karavana ◽  
Seda Rençber
Keyword(s):  
Benzoyl Peroxide ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Formulation Development

Benzoyl peroxide is a widely used active agent for acne vulgaris treatment that has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, keratolytic and wound-healing properties. The common complaints for benzoyl peroxide are skin irritation and dryness. To reduce these side effects, microsponge formulations are used as an effective tool in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. In this study, a medical plaster was developed containing benzoyl peroxide microsponges which gives an opportunity to explore the potential of the microsponge systems in textile industry. Benzoyl peroxide microsponge was obtained by using quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion method and characterized by SEM, FT-IR, particle size analysis and porosity studies. The microsponges were applied onto 100% cotton woven fabric by using dip-coating technique. In the treatment solution, different binding agents as acrylic binder, and cross-linking agents as poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether and 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid were used. Microsponges were around 78.4 µm in diameter and had a spherical porous surface. SEM analyses of the treated fabrics proved that the microsponges were succesfully transferred on cotton fabrics. The drug contents of the fabrics containing Benzoyl peroxide loaded microsponge were found to be within the range of 68.512–102.873%. The in vitro drug release results show that the release from both samples was more than 40% within 6 h. The water vapor permeability of plaster prepared with acrylic binder (S1) was significantly higher than the other plasters. This study presents a novel approach for acne treatment based on textiles containing microsponges. The results revealed that microsponges had a promising potential in textile field.

scholarly journals Antifungal and antibacterial activities of polyherbal toothpaste against oral pathogens, In vitro

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Batool Sadeghi-Nejad ◽  
Eskandar Moghimipour ◽  
Sedigheh Yusef Naanaie ◽  
Shahrzad Nezarat
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Oral Infections ◽  
Oral Pathogens

Original article Article History: Received: 23 April 2018 Revised: 20 July 2018 Accepted: 06 August 2018 * Corresponding author:Batool Sadeghi-NejadAbadan School of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran.Email: [email protected] Introduction One of the most common chronic oral infections in the world is dental caries [1]. Oral pathogenic microorganisms have been the cause of dental plaques, dental caries, as well as gingival and periodontal diseases [2]. Streptococcus mutans is one of the main opportunistic pathogens of dental caries, which is responsible for the formation of dental plaque and caries [3]. Other microorganisms associated with this oral condition include Escherichia coli, S. aureus [4], and Candida species. C. albicans is the most frequent yeast isolated from the oral cavities with poor oral hygiene [2]. The formulation ingredients of commercial toothpastes are mostly chemical substances, such as fluoride and whitening agents [2]. The literature contains evidence regarding the adverse effects of fluoride and bleaching agents (e.g., peroxide-based agents) used in the commercial toothpastes [5]. With this background in mind, the present study aimed to formulate a polyherbal toothpaste without any A B S T RA C TBackground and Purpose: Herbal toothpastes are more secure and efficacious and less poisonous due to containing natural chemicals as compared with the synthetic toothpastes. The present study aimed to formulate a polyherbal toothpaste using accessible medicinal plants in Iran and evaluate its efficiency in the protection of oral hygiene and prevention of dental caries. Materials and Methods: The developed toothpaste was made of the leaf extracts of Artemisia dracunculus, Satureja khuzestanica (Jamzad), and Myrtus communis (Linn), combined at four different dilutions, namely 1:4 (25%), 1:1 (50%), 3:4 (75%), and (100%), with sterile distilled water. The product was tested against five microorganisms, including Streptococcus mutans, Lactobaccilus caseie, S. sanguis, S. salivarius, and Candida albicans, using agar well diffusion method. Results: After 24 h of incubation, the maximum mean diameters of inhibition zone against L. caseie and C. albicans were obtained as 17-30 and 10-25 mm, respectively. Furthermore, the minimum mean diameter of inhibition zone against S. salivarious was estimated as 15-20 mm. Conclusion: The formulated toothpaste showed potent inhibitory activities against Gram-positive bacteria and C. albicans. Therefore, more studies are required to accurately investigate the efficacy of the formulated toothpaste. Keywords: Antibacterial, Antifungal, Oral pathogens, Polyherbal toothpaste, Yeast

scholarly journals In-vitro antimicrobial activity of different toothpastes

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
Bikram Gautam ◽  
Elisa Dongol ◽  
Anima Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Test Organisms

Background: Tooth brushing with toothpaste is the most widely practiced form of oral hygiene. Toothpaste aids to improve oral hygiene and effective plaque removal. A wide range of chemicals, mainly antimicrobial agents, have been added to toothpastes which kill microorganisms by disrupting their cell walls and inhibiting their enzymatic activity.Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of toothpastes.Methods: Eight (Two herbal and six regular) toothpastes were selected for the study. The study was conducted from October to November 2016 at St. Xavier’s College’s microbiology laboratory. Antimicrobial activity of toothpastes were assessed by measuring inhibition zones by broth dilution method and agar well diffusion method.Results: Minimum Inhibitory Concentration determination by tube dilution method and cup well diffusion method was found to be same. The antimicrobial activity on test organisms was shown by all toothpastes (TH1, TH2, TR3, TR4, TR5, TR6, TR7 and TR8). Antimicrobial activity of all toothpastes were almost the same and was statistically significant (t>0.05)Conclusion: All eight toothpastes aids in lower microbial load. However, no toothpaste showed bactericidal and fungicidal effect against the tested microbes. The toothpaste containing only natural active ingredients were found to be more effective than the toothpaste containing chemical active agent followed by weaker antimicrobial effect given by the toothpaste containing both natural and chemical active ingredient as an antimicrobial agent.

scholarly journals An In Vitro Microbiological Study Evaluating the Efficacy of Soluneem (A Water Soluble Neem Formulation from Azadirachta Indica) Against Periodontopathic Microorganisms

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
A Suchetha ◽  
Shefali Sharma ◽  
R Vijayendra ◽  
G Bharwani Ashit
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Seed Kernel ◽  
Subgingival Plaque ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Pocket Depth

ABSTRACT Objectives To evaluate the efficacy of Soluneem (a water soluble formulation from the neem seed kernel from Azadirachta Indica containing Azadirachtin) as an antimicrobial agent and the effective concentration of Soluneem required to inhibit periodontopathic bacteria and to compare it with a known antiplaque agent chlorhexidine (0.2%) in vitro. Material and Methods The subgingival plaque samples from a total of 20 sites from 5 patients (4 sites per patient) was taken with a probing pocket depth of >”5mm. Subgingival plaque samples were collected, cultivated, and incubated anaerobically as per the standard procedure. Further subculturing was done to obtain pure growth. Various biochemical tests were used for identifying each organism as per the standard protocol. The sensitivity to the varying concentrations of neem like 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.125% and 1.5625% and 0.2% Chlorhexidine solution was tested using the Modified Disc diffusion method. The sensitivity was tested by measuring the zones of inhibition comparing with the known standard diameter. Results The organisms isolated and percentage of identification rate from total of five patients was 60% for Bacteroids fragilis, 40% for Bacteroids distasonis, 20% for Prevotella corporis, 20% for Prevotella melaninogenica, and 20% for Peptostreptococus species. Chlorhexidine 0.2 % was effective against micro organisms cultivated and isolated in this study. However Soluneem was not effective against the organisms cultivated in this study. Conclusion Soluneem had no effect on the growth of any of the isolated organisms. Further studies testing soluneem against other putative periodontal pathogens with Azadirachtin are warranted.

IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF TINOSPORA CORDIFOLIA CREEPED ON AZADIRACHTA INDICA

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-13
Author(s):  
C. Bharathi ◽  
A. Harinatha Reddy ◽  
Prof. B. Venkatappa
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Stem Extract ◽  
Agar Well Diffusion Method

Tinospora cordifolia is a well known medicinal and an immune enhancer plant.The article specially describes antimicrobial activity of T. cordifolia creeped on Azadirachta indica . It will encorporate the medicinal virtue when they survive on neem plants. The aqueous root and stem extract of T. cordifolia creeped on neem plant exhibited signicant antibacterial activity against Escherichia.coli, Enterobacter faecalis, Klebsiella Pneumonia (Gram negative), Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococci (Gram positive) by Agar well diffusion method.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF AZADIRACHTA INDICA AND PLECTRANTHUS AMBOINICUS EXTRACT

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
GEJALAKSHMI S. ◽  
R. SENTHILRAJ ◽  
TANISHA B. A. ◽  
SRUTHI S. ◽  
THARUN KUMAR M.
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Plectranthus Amboinicus

Objective: In the present research, a clear systematic investigation of phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of herbal plants such as Azadirachta indica and Plectranthus amboinicus has been carried out. Methods: The aqueous and alcoholic extract was prepared in soxhlet apparatus and phytochemical analysis of extracts was performed and analysed. The in vitro antimicrobial activity was performed by cup plate method. These extracts were studied under agar diffusion method against three bacterial species such as Bacillussubtills, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli at 5µg, 50 µg and 250 µg concentration. Results: The combine extract showed a predominant activity against these bacteria, which confirmed antimicrobial activity in AEAI and AEPA Conclusion: The results obtained in this study clearly indicate that AEAI and AEPA has a significant potential to use as an antimicrobial agent

scholarly journals Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Study of Vanadium (V) oxide using Alkoxide Precursor

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Dr. Adam Hassan Elhaj Yousif ◽  
Nosaiba Abdalgadir Nusr Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Gelling Agent ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
National Committee ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Antimicrobial Study ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

The present study is aimed to synthesize V2O5 using V(ORi)3 precursor and study its anti-microbial activity. The V(ORi)3 was prepared by reaction of VCl3 and isopropanol alcohol. The synthesized V(ORi)3 was hydrolyzed to yield black V(OH)3 gel using concentrated HCl as gelling agent. Yellow V2O5 obtained by thermal treatment of V(OH)3 gel at110oC and 380oC. All products were characterized using FT-IR Spectroscopy method. IR spectral revealed to found V(ORi)3, V(OH)3 gel and V2O5 were formed. The V2O5 has been tested in vitro against numbers of microorganisms, to assess their antimicrobial activity using disc diffusion method, according to the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards Guidelines. The results showed that V2O5 is active against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and partial active against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli    and Candida albicans. Antimicrobial Study of VO(OR)3 is required.

scholarly journals ANTI-ACNE GEL OF ISOTRETINOIN: FORMULATION AND EVALUATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shreya Nikam
Keyword(s):  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Butylated Hydroxytoluene ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Diffusion Study ◽  
Formulation Development ◽  
Batch Release ◽  
In Vitro Diffusion ◽  
Gel Formulations

Objective: Isotretinoin is a very effective drug in the treatment of acne vulgaris by topically. The objective of present study was formulation development of anti-acne gel using Isotretinoine and span 80 for topical delivery to cure nodulosystic acne vulgaris. Furthermore, the comparative study of all the evaluation parameters done with marketed formulation of same drug.Methods: Formulation of anti-acne gel of isotretinoin using Carbopol 940 as a polymer and incorporating isotretinoin in form of topical semi-solid gel using magnetic stirrer, Cremophor RH 40, and butylated hydroxytoluene. Drug was uniformly dispersed in Cremophor RH 40 and the respected solvents. Ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, and glycerin were used as solvents in 15% quantity. Further, the formulation was evaluated for physicochemical evaluation of gel formulations. The prepared gel were optimized statistically and characterized for pH, spredability, drug content, viscosity, in vitro diffusion study, acute skin irritation test, and antimicrobial activity. Evaluation test was also compared with marketed formulation of isotretinoin, that is, Sortet gel. The antibacterial and anti-acne activity of different formulations was determined by modified agar well diffusion method on the culture of Propionibacterium acne also compared with marketed formulation.Results: The optimized batch (B10) showed highest spreadability (32.422 g/cm3) in all formulations and also have high percentage of drug contents (95.60%). The spreadability value was 17.998 g/cm3 showing good spreadability. The viscosity of optimized batch was observed less as compared to other formulations, ultimately showed releases also more. In the in vitro diffusion study, B10 batch release 85.69% of the drug as compared to Sotret gel. The antibacterial activity was studied on anaerobic microorganism P. acne, compared with marketed Sortet gel. Optimized batch showed maximum zone of inhibition to P. acne below marketed formulations and standard benzyl peroxide gel.Conclusion: The topical anti-acne gel of isotertinoin was successfully formulated and evaluated for different parameters. The results indicate that the active component, that is, isotertinoin is more effective when subjected in gel formulations and produces effective anti-acne activity in the management of nodulosystic acne vulgaris.

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