Carnal Compassion

Author(s):  
Juanita Feros Ruys

Abelard addresses the cognitive-affective concept of empathy (compassio) across a range of his writings. He questions its ethics in his philosophical writings, taking his lead from Seneca’s De clementia in viewing empathy as a femininized emotional response lacking in judgment. This Stoic-inspired understanding of empathy becomes more personal in his first-person life writing, the Historia calamitatum, where Abelard explores the negative impact of empathy on his own life as both feeling subject and recipient. Then in seeking to displace himself as the subject of Heloise’s sympathetic identification of suffering in favor of Christ and his Passio, Abelard conceptualizes the redemptive love of Christ that will infuse his theological writings, leading to a rejection of the ransom theory of the Crucifixion and presaging the affective piety of the later Middle Ages.

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. VC37-VC55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Gillett

Despite the uncanny similarities between the known facts of Hubert Fichte's life and the events depicted in his works, opinion is still divided as to whether Fichte's work constitutes an autobiography or not. This is partly because, rather than adopting the classic first person or using the same name on the cover as in the inside of the book, Fichte gives his protagonists fictitional names: Detlev, Jäcki. The designation of many of his works as 'novels' does not help either. The thesis of this article is that in his literary works, Fichte deliberately drew on the events of his own life, and deliberately invoked the various genres and procedures of life writing in order to construct what I call 'post-subjective autobiography'. In putting forward this thesis, I demonstrate how, from his third novel onwards, Fichte is not writing from the position of a secure subject, but employing a whole range of devices to interrogate the subject of autobiography. And the conclusion is that this post-subjective autobiography is a únique aesthetic and ethical achievement which we would do well to emulate. This article was submitted to the European Journal of Life Writing in May 2014 and published on 16 March 2015.


2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-187
Author(s):  
E. S. Burt

Why does writing of the death penalty demand the first-person treatment that it also excludes? The article investigates the role played by the autobiographical subject in Derrida's The Death Penalty, Volume I, where the confessing ‘I’ doubly supplements the philosophical investigation into what Derrida sees as a trend toward the worldwide abolition of the death penalty: first, to bring out the harmonies or discrepancies between the individual subject's beliefs, anxieties, desires and interests with respect to the death penalty and the state's exercise of its sovereignty in applying it; and second, to provide a new definition of the subject as haunted, as one that has been, but is no longer, subject to the death penalty, in the light of the worldwide abolition currently underway.


2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-104
Author(s):  
Nursyam Nursyam

Children are a gift from Allah SWT that is always expected by every family. However, not everyone (parents) can take good care of their children according to what is commanded by Allah through religious teachings. For various reasons and reasons, parents no longer pay attention to children's religious education. In the end, the negative impact will be felt by parents even more so for their own children. To be able to form a religious awareness of children, the mother as the first person known to the child, then the mother needs to provide an understanding of the religious dimension of children is important, the child is essentially a mandate from Allah SWT that must be grateful, and we as Muslims must carry out the mandate with good and right. The way to be grateful for the gift of God in the form of children is through caring for, caring for, and educating and coaching the characters properly and correctly, so that they will not become weak children, both physically and mentally, and weak in faith and weak in their worldly lives. The aim of education is to be a perfect Muslim, who has faith and fear Allah. Mother as a parent is the first primary educator for children, before the child knows the outside world, first the child knows the mother and after that his father is the closest person to the child. As for women's efforts in fostering religious awareness as follows: to destroy personality, to form good habits , forming civilizations in the Muslim world and helping to encourage them to encourage things that lead to obedience to God and educate them with different ways of worship. Like prayer, recitation, prayer at home and at school.


2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Masterov

The paper discusses the use of the program-targeted budgeting methodology in the investment stimulation of business in the most problem sectors of the economy. The subject of the study is the dynamics of business activity in key economic sectors adversely affected by factors of the economic and geopolitical nature. The purposes of the study were to identify the key factors that have a negative impact on economic growth and seek options for investment stimulation of business activities in the most problem sectors of the economy using state budget funds. It is concluded that the current practice of budget investment is associated with significant risks and poor justification of investment decisions. Therefore, the American practice of the program budgeting in the implementation of large investment infrastructure projects using budget funds seems to be advantageous. Based on the research findings, methods for increasing the effectiveness of program-target budgeting tools under the Russian conditions are proposed.


2014 ◽  
pp. 104-121
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Kułaga

The article is devoted to the subject of the goals of the climate and energy policy of the European Union, which can have both a positive, and a negative impact on the environmental and energy policies. Positive aspects are the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, diversification of energy supplies, which should improve Europe independence from energy imports, and increasing the share of renewable energy sources (RES) in the national energy system structures. On the other hand, overly ambitious targets and actions can lead to large losses for the economies of EU Member States. The article also highlights the realities prevailing in the international arena and noncompliance of international actors with global agreements on climate protection.


2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
João Carlos Brum Torres

O artigo tem por objeto o exame de três registros de gritantes e distintos paradoxos na Doutrina do Direito de Kant. Registros feitos em tempos e contextos históricos diferentes por Friedrich Bouterwek, Marcus Willaschek e Balthazar Barbosa Filho. Bouterwek atribuiu a Kant a mais paradoxal das proposições jamais enunciadas por qualquer autor, a de que a mera ideia de soberania deve obrigar-nos a obedecer como a nosso inquestionável senhor a quem quer que se haja estabelecido como tal, sem que caiba indagar quem lhe deu o direito de comandar-nos. Willaschek aponta a incompatibilidade de duas teses centrais da doutrina kantiana: a do caráter externo dos vínculos jurídicos e a da incondicionalidade obrigacional do direito positivo, pois não é possível entender como é possível termo-nos como obrigados por imperativos jurídicos e, ao mesmo, vermo-nos internamente isentados do dever de obedecê-los. O ponto crítico de Balthazar é alegar que não pode haver na filosofia kantiana uma crítica da razão político e jurídica, simplesmente porque o conceito de imputação, base da normatividade própria dessas esferas, pressupõe uma pluralidade de agentes livres que, justamente, só pode ser uma pressuposição, pois nosso acesso à normatividade prática só pode ter lugar em primeira pessoa. No exame a que o artigo submete essas alegações, o artigo argumenta, em objeção à tese de Balthazar, que o caráter universal e categórico da força que vincula o sujeito quando confrontado com a lei moral em primeira pessoa necessariamente se desvaneceria se, ao mesmo tempo, ele não fosse tomado pela evidência de que a realidade objetiva dos princípios morais é não só instanciável, mas assegurada pela múltipla instanciação. Com relação às dificuldades levantadas por Willaschek e Bouterwek, o artigo argumenta que o princípio exeundum e statu naturali, enquanto norma metapositiva, anterior à divisão do domínio prático entre doutrina do direito e doutrina da virtude, permite ao mesmo tempo compreender a exigência de obediência ao poder constituído e a restrição das obrigações jurídico-políticas exclusivamente ao foro externo.AbstractThe object of the article is to examine three claims about three distinct and allegedly blatant paradoxes in Kant's Doctrine of Right. These three critical points had been made in distinct times and contexts by Friedrich Bouterwek, Marcus Willaschek e Balthazar Barbosa Filho. Bouterwek attributed to Kant the most paradoxical of all paradoxical propositions, the statement that by the mere idea of sovereignty we are obliged to obey as our lord who has imposed himself upon us, without questioning from where he got such right. Willaschek points out the incompatibility of two main theses of Kantian doctrine of right: the claims that the legal bounds are of external character and that they are the source of unconditional obligations, since it seems impossible to understand how it would be possible to be obliged by juridical norms and decisions and at the same time to be exempted of the internal duty of compliance. The radical objection of Professor Balthazar is the claim that in the context of Kantian Philosophy it is impossible to admit a critique of the juridical and political reason because the concept of imputation, ground of the normativity in these domains, requires not only the presupposition of free agents, but a true and secure epistemic access to them, which is, according to him, impossible considering that the moral law and the other practical principles are accessible for us only in the first person. In the course of the appraisal of such claims, the article contest that objection arguing that the universal and categorical force of the normative bound experienced by the subject when confronted with the moral law in the first person would ineluctably vanish if, at the same time, he had not been taken by the evidence that the objective reality of the moral principles is secured by multiple instancing. Regarding the difficulties raised by Willaschek and Bouterwek, the article argues that the principle exeundum e statu naturali, as a norm of meta-positive character, prior to the division of practical domains between the doctrine of right and the doctrine of virtue, is the cue both to the understanding of the requirement of unquestioning obedience to the constituted power and to the restriction of the validity of this requirement only in foro externo.


Mediaevistik ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 327-327
Author(s):  
Albrecht Classen

The papers combined in this volume were originally presented at a conference at the Royal Swedish Academy of Letters, History and Antiquities in Stockholm, June 11–12, 2015. The explicit purpose of this event and the subsequent volume was to expose the work of Swedish and other scholars on the genre of biographies to an international audience, reflecting on life-writing or ego-documents, emphasizing spiritual autobiographies. According to the brief bios at the end of the book, Robert Swanson, for instance, is Emeritus Professor at Binghamton University; Jean-Mark Ticchi teaches at the Centre d’Etudes en Sciences Sociales du Religieux in Paris; and Enock Bongani Zulu was lecturer at the Lutheran Theological Institute in Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. The book cover is decorated with an image showing a page in Margery Kempe’s Book from ca. 1440, indicating that the focus might rest on the Middle Ages. This is only very partially the case.


Author(s):  
András Bárány

This chapter turns to object agreement with personal pronouns in Hungarian. Pronouns are interesting because they do not always trigger agreement with the verb: first person objects never trigger object agreement (morphology), and second person pronouns only do with first person singular subjects. It is proposed that the distribution of object agreement is a morphological effect and argues that all personal pronouns do in fact trigger agreement, but agreement is not always spelled out. This means that Hungarian has an inverse agreement system, where the spell-out of agreement is determined by the relative person feature (or person feature sets) of the subject and the object. A formally explicit analysis of the syntax and the morphological spell-out of agreement is provided.


Author(s):  
Oksana Yurynets ◽  

Currently, many Ukrainian enterprises are in crisis. Getting out of this situation requires the use of various types of urgent crisis management tools, among which investment instruments play an important role. The purpose of this article is to form the theoretical basis for the use of urgent investment tools of crisis management at enterprises. It was found that the urgent investment tools of crisis management in the enterprise should be understood as ways of immediate (urgent) investment actions which are aimed at eliminating or reducing the negative impact of the crisis on the economic condition of the enterprise and ensuring its further effective development. These instruments are grouped according to the following characteristics: the environment in which the relevant instruments are formed and operate, the relation to the current owners of the enterprise, the effectiveness of implementation, the duration of the effect of implementing instruments, the urgency of their implementation, the areas of investment, the objectives of application, the duration of application, the types of financial and economic crises at the enterprise, the elimination (reduction) of the negative influence of which the corresponding tools are directed at, the subject of investment. It is established that the main tasks of using investment urgent tools of anti-crisis management at the enterprises are: selection of the best types of investment urgent tools of anti-crisis management; selection of the best variant of each type of urgent investment tools of crisis management; setting deadlines for the implementation of selected types and options for urgent tools of crisis management at the enterprise; determination of the optimal amount of total investments that should be invested in the implementation of the crisis management program at the enterprise, and the corresponding to this volume of the general list of investment urgent tools of such management; identifying the best sources of investment and establishing the best structure of investment in terms of these sources.


Author(s):  
A. Fatyhova ◽  
O. Bakanev ◽  
I. Kohanovskaya

In the digital era, the success of the professional development of future specialists in the process of obtaining higher education largely depends on their professional orientation (PN). Despite the significant interest in the subject of the study, the problem of identifying the factors that affect PN remains poorly understood. The purpose of the study is to determine the factors of the formation of PN of students enrolled in training and retraining programs, and the features of PN in the digital era. The article reveals the content and structure of the PN of future specialists in the era of digitalization. According to the results of the empirical research, the relationship of students' PN with indicators of life-meaning orientations, motives for choosing a profession and training was revealed; the relationship between students' life-meaning orientations and indicators of motives for choosing a profession and training at the stage of digitalization of education. The factors influencing the personal condition, and the factors of the formation of the personal condition of students, who are trained according to the programs of training and retraining of specialists, have been determined. As a result of an empirical study, it was concluded that a negative impact on the formation of PN is created by factors caused by various life circumstances, lack of independence of decisions in choosing a profession, low reflection of life goals, prospects for the future, rigidity of volitional and personal qualities, internal conflict in the structure of personality relationships, low pleasure training and the like. At the same time, the level of PN is significantly higher among students who receive a second higher education and who understand its importance at the stage of digitalization of education.


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