scholarly journals Induction of antimicrobial peptides from Bacillus thuringiensis challenged Spodoptera litura larvae and investigation of the antimicrobial properties of hemolymph samples

2022 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 288-309
Author(s):  
Govindaraj Vengateswari ◽  
◽  
Kandhasamy Lalitha ◽  
Muthugounder Subramanian Shivakumar ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Treated Sample ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Larval Hemolymph ◽  
Hplc Profile ◽  
Fraction I

Antimicrobial peptides constitute key factors in insect humoral immune response against invading microorganisms. In this study, biochemical approach was identified antimicrobial peptides which appeared in larval hemolymph of Spodoptera litura after bacterial challenge. HPLC profile showed two major peaks in two samples, Brassica oleracea and Ricinus communis fed S. litura that were collected at 5 min interval. It was shown to be active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The highest zone of inhibition was observed in Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in B. oleracea fed S. litura hemolymph fraction II and R. communis fed S. litura hemolymph fraction I and it also contributes the increased antioxidant, lysozyme, and less hemolytic activity were increase in treated groups. TLC activity was tested with hemolymph extract samples, pink color pots was identified the protein present in the samples. An SDS-PAGE result shows that high expression of antimicrobial peptide present in the treated sample. The appearance of peptides with such different properties in insect hemolymph in response to immune challenge indicates the complexity of the insect immune system.

scholarly journals Essential oil of the leaves of Ricinus communis L.: In vitro cytotoxicity and antimicrobial properties

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zied Zarai ◽  
Ines Chobba ◽  
Riadh Mansour ◽  
Ahmed Békir ◽  
Néji Gharsallah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Ricinus Communis L

scholarly journals Nanoparticles Enable Efficient Delivery of Antimicrobial Peptides for the Treatment of Deep Infections

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingxue Deng ◽  
Rui Huang ◽  
Songyin Huang ◽  
Menghua Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Efficient Delivery ◽  
Delivery Vehicles

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have emerged as promising alternatives of traditional antibiotics against drug-resistant bacteria owing to their broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties and low tendency to drugresistance. However, their therapeutic efficacy in vivo, especially for infections in deep organs, is limited owing to their systemic toxicity and low bioavailability. Nanoparticles-based delivery systems offer a strategy to increase the therapeutic index of AMPs by preventing proteolysis, increasing the accumulation at infection sites, and reducing toxicity. Herein, we will discuss the current progress of using nanoparticles as delivery vehicles for AMPs for the treatment of deep infections.

scholarly journals Blood Compatibility—An Important but Often Forgotten Aspect of the Characterization of Antimicrobial Peptides for Clinical Application

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 5426
Author(s):  
Stephan Harm ◽  
Karl Lohner ◽  
Ute Fichtinger ◽  
Claudia Schildböck ◽  
Jennifer Zottl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Blood Compatibility ◽  
Acyl Chain ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Acyl Chain Length ◽  
Human Blood Cells ◽  
Plasmatic Coagulation

Acylation of antimicrobial peptides mimics the structure of the natural lipopeptide polymyxin B, and increases antimicrobial and endotoxin-neutralizing activities. In this study, the antimicrobial properties of lactoferrin-based LF11 peptides as well as blood compatibility as a function of acyl chain length were investigated. Beyond the classical hemolysis test, the biocompatibility was determined with human leukocytes and platelets, and the influence of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) on the plasmatic coagulation and the complement system was investigated. The results of this study show that the acylation of cationic peptides significantly reduces blood tolerance. With increasing acyl chain length, the cytotoxicity of LF11 peptides to human blood cells also increased. This study also shows that acylated cationic antimicrobial peptides are inactivated by the presence of heparin. In addition, it could be shown that the immobilization of LF11 peptides leads to a loss of their antimicrobial properties.

Comparative surface antimicrobial properties of synthetic biocides and novel human apolipoprotein E derived antimicrobial peptides

Biomaterials ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (22) ◽  
pp. 5453-5464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Forbes ◽  
Andrew J. McBain ◽  
Susan Felton-Smith ◽  
Thomas A. Jowitt ◽  
Holly L. Birchenough ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Apolipoprotein E ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Human Apolipoprotein

scholarly journals Etlik Piliçlerin Beslenmesinde Antimikrobiyal Peptidlerin Kullanımı

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Mehmet Akif Özcan ◽  
Levent Gülüm ◽  
Mustafa Midilli ◽  
Muhammet Gören
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Micro Organisms

It is well known that alternative food additives are being researched following the prohibition of the addition of antibiotics to poultry feed as growth factors. Recently, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been considered as alternatives to antibiotics. AMPs, produced by bacteria, insects, amphibians and mammals, as well as by chemical synthesis. In particular, their natural antimicrobial properties and their low tendency to create resistance in micro-organisms suggest that they might be a good alternative to antibiotics. They are not only effective against bacteria, but are also known to be effective against fungi and viruses. In studies on pigs and broiler chickens, they have been shown to be beneficial effects on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, the immune system, intestinal morphology and gut microbiota. Antimicrobial peptides are small biological molecules formed from 12-60 amino acids. AMPs have been reported to kill bacteria, in particular those showing resistance to multiple antibiotics. AMPs block the development of harmful bacteria while encouraging the growth of beneficial bacteria. For instance, it has been reported that sublancin reduces the Clostridium perfringens count while increasing the numbers of Lactobacilli. Furthermore, they have been proved to have a strong effect against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Some of the AMPs used in broiler chicken feeding are sublancin, secropin, magainin, nisin and defensin. These peptides can be used by adding them to feed or to drinking water. This review has attempted to find an answer to the question of whether AMPs added to the feed of broiler chickens can be an alternative to antibiotics by examining previous studies.

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL STUDY OF SHEETAMSHU RASA AND ITS MODIFIED METH-ODS

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 4600-4605
Author(s):  
Parween Bano ◽  
K. Shankar Rao ◽  
Sakhitha K. S ◽  
Nikita Rajpurohit
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Property ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Slight Modification ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Two Samples

Knowledge of microorganisms was well stablished in Ayurveda in terms of krimi since Vedic period and have told that the organisms were invisible, scattered and present everywhere in which some are harmful or harmless to human beings. In Samhita clear cut description of invisible krimi is found and also said that they are causes various diseases like Jawar, Kushtha considered as contagious disease by Accharya Sushruta. Number of Ayurvedic formulation possess krimighna (antimicrobial) properties. Therefore, need of study to evaluate antimicrobial property of Ayurvedic formulations due to resistance of antibiotic which is challenge for modern medical science. Sheetamshu Rasa (SR) is one of the unique herbomineral formu-lation explained in text Basavarajiyam under Sannipataja Jwara Rogadhikara and also it has many indica-tions. Four samples of SR were prepared according to textual reference and slight modification in leviga-tion media & ratio of ingredients. Antimicrobial study was done in different concentrations in DMSO, against three bacteria Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa & Staphylococcus aureus produc-ing fever as a symptom by Agar well diffusion method and Ciprofloxacin (5 μg/ml) as antibacterial stand-ards. Result shows that SR samples had antibacterial activity moderate to high. SR1 and SR2 showed the best result in higher concentration than the other two samples (ZI= 11mm and AI= 0.92) on Klebsiela pneumonia. Trikatu and levigation media have no special significance in antibacterial activity.

scholarly journals Novel antimicrobial peptides derived from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and other lentivirus transmembrane proteins.

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 2394-2398 ◽  
Author(s):  
S B Tencza ◽  
J P Douglass ◽  
D J Creighton ◽  
R C Montelaro ◽  
T A Mietzner
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Transmembrane Proteins ◽  
Antibacterial Peptides ◽  
Fold Reduction ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Lytic Peptides ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms

We have previously described a conserved set of peptides derived from lentiviral envelope transmembrane proteins that are similar to the natural antimicrobial peptides cecropins and magainins in overall structure but bear no sequence homology to them or other members of their class. We describe here an evaluation of the antimicrobial properties of these virally derived peptides, designated lentivirus lytic peptides (LLPs). The results of this study demonstrate that they are potent and selective antibacterial peptides: the prototype sequence, LLP1, is bactericidal to both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms at micromolar concentrations in 10 mM phosphate buffer. Furthermore, LLP1 kills bacteria quite rapidly, causing a 1,000-fold reduction in viable organisms within 50 s. Peptides corresponding to sequences from three lentivirus envelope proteins were synthesized and characterized. Several of these peptides are selective, killing bacteria at concentrations 50- to 100-fold lower than those required to lyse erythrocytes. Development of antimicrobial agents based on these peptides may lead to improved therapeutics for the management of a variety of infectious diseases.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Properties of α-MSH and Related Synthetic Melanocortins

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1241-1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Catania ◽  
G. Colombo ◽  
C. Rossi ◽  
A. Carlin ◽  
A. Sordi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Natural Antimicrobial ◽  
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Evolutionary Spectrum ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The natural antimicrobial peptides are ancient host defense effector molecules, present in organisms across the evolutionary spectrum. Several properties of α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) suggested that it could be a natural antimicrobial peptide. α-MSH is a primordial peptide that appeared during the Paleozoic era, long before adaptive immunity developed and, like natural antimicrobial molecules, is produced by barrier epithelia, immunocytes, and within the central nervous system. α-MSH was discovered to have antimicrobial activity against two representative pathogens,Staphylococcus aureusandCandida albicans. The candidacidal influences of α-MSH appeared to be mediated by increases in cell cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). The cAMP-inducing capacity of α-MSH likely interferes with the yeast's own regulatory mechanisms of this essential signaling pathway. It is remarkable that this mechanism of action in yeast mimics the influences of α-MSH in mammalian cells in which the peptide binds to G-protein-linked melanocortin receptors, activates adenylyl cyclase, and increases cAMP. When considering that most of the natural antimicrobial peptides enhance the local inflammatory reaction, the anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects of α-MSH confer unique properties to this molecule relative to other natural antimicrobial molecules. Synthetic derivatives, chemically stable and resistant to enzymatic degradation, could form the basis for novel therapies that combine anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties.

scholarly journals Downregulation of Interleukin- (IL-) 17 through Enhanced Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Induction by Curcumin: A Potential Mechanism of Tolerance towards Helicobacter pylori

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiziana Larussa ◽  
Serena Gervasi ◽  
Rita Liparoti ◽  
Evelina Suraci ◽  
Raffaella Marasco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Human Gastric Mucosa ◽  
T Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Indoleamine 2,3 Dioxygenase ◽  
Treated Sample ◽  
Tryptophan Catabolism ◽  
Gastric Biopsies ◽  
H Pylori

The anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties of curcumin suggest its use as an anti-Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) agent, but mechanisms underlying its helpful activity are still not clear. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) promotes the effector T cell apoptosis by catalyzing the rate-limiting first step in tryptophan catabolism, and its high expression in H. pylori-infected human gastric mucosa attenuates Th1 and Th17 immune response. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of curcumin in modulating the expression of IL-17 and IDO in H. pylori-infected human gastric mucosa. In an organ culture chamber, gastric biopsies from 35 patients were treated with and without 200 μM curcumin. In H. pylori-infected patients (n=21), IL-17 was significantly lower, both in gastric biopsies (p=0.0003) and culture supernatant (p=0.0001) while IDO significantly increased (p<0.00001) in curcumin-treated sample compared with untreated samples. In a subgroup of H. pylori-infected patients (n=15), samples treated with curcumin in addition to IDO inhibitor 1-methyl-L-tryptophan (1-MT) showed a higher expression of IL-17 compared with untreated samples and curcumin-treated alone (p<0.00001). Curcumin downregulates IL-17 production through the induction of IDO in H. pylori-infected human gastric mucosa, suggesting its role in dampening H. pylori-induced immune-mediated inflammatory changes.

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