scholarly journals Pharmacognostical and phytochemical screening of the root of Martynia annua Linn

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr Rahul Kumar Gupta ◽  
◽  
Dr Renu Bharat Rathi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract

Background : for acceptance of Ayurveda at global level there is needed to standardize herbal drugs according to modern techniques. For the standardization of herbal medicines it is essential to establish its identify, purity, quality, safety, and efficacy. This study reports on standardization of Martina annua linn root. In tribal pockets of satpura plateau in Madhya Pradesh. Root paste of Martina annua is used in folk medicine to treat cancer and rheumatism. Objective: This study aimed to indentify anthers herb and establishing pharmacognostical, Physiochemical and phytochemical standard for the Martina annua linn. Root. Material and Methods: Plant roots was collected from Govt. Ayurved college campus, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh and evaluated for pharmacognostical, Physiochemical and phytochemical parameter using guidelines of the world health organization and pharmacopoeial laboratory for Indian medicine for quality control of herbal drugs. Results: Chemical evaluation shown presence of alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, steroids and tannins. The microscopic characters have shown presence of Epiblema, Periderm, Cortex, Phloem and Madullary Rays, and Xylem vessels. Microscopy analysis of the powder included the parenchyma cells, fibers and vessel. In results, it was found that the root containing various phytochemicals were present in its Aqueous extract, Hydroalcoholic extract and Alcoholic extract. Hydroalcoholic extract of Martynia annua root had the highest of total phenolic content (364.15 mg GAE /100gm) and highest total flavonoid content (139.84 mg QE /100gm). Conclusions: Pharmacognostical and preliminary phytochemical screening of Martynia annua roots will be useful in order to authenticate, standardize and avoid any adulteration in the raw material and will be helpful in the development of a monograph.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening and Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Justicia procumbans leaf

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
MY Agrawal ◽  
◽  
YP Agrawal ◽  
SK Arora ◽  
P Lahange ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract

Objective: To perform Phytochemical Screening and Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of hydroalcoholic extract Justicia procumbans leaf. Methods: Proximate analysis in terms of ash value, extractive value was performed as per the standard method. Presence of secondary metabolites in the extract of Justicia procumbans was performed through various chemical tests. Folin-Ciocalteu assay method was used to determine total phenolic content and the in-vitro antioxidant activity was investigated in a dose-dependent manner with the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydrogen peroxide free radical scavenging method. Results: Present studies revealed that the hydro-alcoholic extract of leaf contains secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, proteins, and tannins. Total phenolic content was found to be 79.32±0.02 mg/gm by using the Linear Equation. IC50 value by DPPH and H2O2 methods was found to be 68.83µg/ml and 56.02 µg/ml respectively. Conclusion: It has been observed that the plant has high phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. Therefore his plant can be the potent source of natural antioxidants as compared to synthetic compounds.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF ANACARDIUM OCCIDENTALE, ACHYRANTHES ASPERA, AND AEGLE MARMELOS

2019 ◽  
pp. 202-205
Author(s):  
BRIJYOG ◽  
LALITESHWAR PRATAP SINGH ◽  
SUSHIL KUMAR ◽  
SHWETA VERMA
Keyword(s):  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Anacardium Occidentale ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Aegle Marmelos ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Achyranthes Aspera ◽  
Aerial Parts

Objective: Anacardium occidentale, Achyranthes aspera, and Aegle marmelos are the common plants found in North and South India. The present study identifies the active phytochemicals and antioxidant properties in various extracts derived from dried bark, whole aerial parts, and leaves of the above plants. Materials and Methods: Phytochemical screening included extracts of pet ether, hydroalcoholic, and aqueous. The antioxidant activity was determined by measuring total phenolic contents (TPC), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (RSA), and total flavonoid content (TFC). Results: The phytochemical screening of A. occidentale, A. aspera, and A. marmelos of dried bark, whole aerial parts, and leaves revealed the presence of flavonoids, phenols, tannins, and proteins. It also contains alkaloids and glycosides. Hydroalcoholic extract of A. occidentale, A. aspera, and A. marmelos showed highest TPC 0.125 mg/g, 0.256 mg/g, and 0.254 mg/g, respectively. TFCs 0.094 mg/g, 0.145 mg/g, and 0.121 mg/g and highest DPPH RSA with the half maximal inhibitory concentration of 125 μg/mL, 105.58 μg/mL, and 98.89 μg/mL compare to the standard ascorbic acid of 21.65 μg/mL. Conclusion: This study showed that the hydroalcoholic extract of A. occidentale, A. aspera, and A. marmelos is potential source of natural antioxidants.

scholarly journals Medicinal and Aromatic plants: “Natural bio-chemicals and medicine factories”

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 691-698
Author(s):  
Vandana ◽  
Rajesh Lather ◽  
Sridevi Tallapragada ◽  
Gurnam Singh
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
World Health ◽  
World Population ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Aromatic Plants ◽  
Medicinal And Aromatic Plants ◽  
The World

Since thousands years back approximately around 900 BC, medicinal plants are considered as a source of many biomolecules with therapeutic potential. Herbal medicines are considered as safer, better, physiologically compatible and costeffective. The oldest evidence of medicinal and aromatic plants depicts that with the emergence of human civilization, plants have been considered as the main source to heal and cure various serious ailments. It has been proven that the secondary metabolites e.g. alkaloid, glycosides, flavonoides, steroids etc present in the medicinal plants possesses ability to prevent occurrence of some of the diseases, means medicinal plants acts as a “preventive medicine”. Medicinal plants have a paramount importance and a great interest due to its pharmaceutical, cosmetic and nutritional values. Some plants are also considered as an important source of nutrition and are known to have a variety of compounds with potential therapeutic properties. India is the principal repository of large number of medicinal and aromatic plants or we can say India is one of the rich mega-biodiversity countries of the world. Medicinal plants are “backbone” of traditional medicinal system (TMS). Crude drugs are usually dried parts of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) such as roots, stems, wood, bark, seeds, fruits, flowers, leaves, rhizomes, whole plant etc. that form the essential raw material for the production of medicines in various systems of Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, Tibatian, Tribal and Homeopathy. According to the survey of the World Health Organization (WHO), about 80% of the world population are using herbs and other traditional medicines for their primary healthcare and have established three kinds of herbal medicines: raw plant material, processed plant material, and herbal products. Now days, variety of available herbs are used throughout the world and they continue to promote good health. As the benefits from medicinal and aromatic plants are recognized, these plants will have a special role for humans in the future. The present review on medicinal and aromatic plants revealed similar combination of studies.

Botanical, genetic characteristics and preliminary screening of the phytochemical constituents of Hydnophytum formicarum Jack. in Phu Quoc forest, Vietnam

MedPharmRes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Nguyen Ngoc Trac Mai ◽  
Thi Dep Truong ◽  
Thi Van Anh Tran ◽  
Thi Hong Tuoi Do
Keyword(s):  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Preliminary Screening ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Reducing Substances ◽  
Sanger Method ◽  
Rbcl Sequences

In Vietnamese folk medicine, Bi ky nam (H. formicarum) tuber has been widely used to treat rheumatism, liver and intestinal diseases. This work aimed to study botanical, genetic characteristics and screening of the phytochemical constituents of wild H. formicarum of Phu Quoc Island, Vietnam. Anatomical characteristics of the plant material were described. Fresh leaves were used to analyze DNA barcodes based on rbcL region amplified by PCR. Sequences of DNA products were identified by Sanger method and BioEdit 7.0.5 software, then compared to the control rbcL sequences published in GenBank by BLAST. The tuber powder was studied for pharmacognostic parameters, preliminary phytochemical screening and total phenolic contents by Folin-Ciocalteu method. Results showed that the similarity between the rbcL sequences of H. formicarum leaves collected in Phu Quoc and the control one published in Genbank was 99%. Moisture content, total ash value and acid insoluble ash value of dried tuber powder were 11.06%, 9.60% and 0.70%, respectively. Raw material contained carotenoids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, saponins, reducing substances and amino acids. Total phenolics content was about 58.847 mg pyrrogallol equivalent/g dried powder weight. Our results provided information about botanical, genetic and preliminary phytochemical characteristics of H. formicarum growing on Phu Quoc Island. This could be useful for the authentication of H. formicarum as a medicinal material.

scholarly journals A Review on Ethnomedicinal Plants of Nimar Area in Madhya Pradesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (07) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pragati Jaiswal ◽  
Bharti Jain
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Central India ◽  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Day By Day ◽  
Different Parts

Medicinal plants are a boon for disease. Nature has provided a rich botanical wealth with diverse plantation in different parts of India. Medicinal plants are useful for human ailments because of the presence of bioactive constituents or phytochemicals which are secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, saponin, glycosides, lactones, steroids etc. Due to the rapid extension of side effects of allopathic medicines, Herbal medicines are becoming popular day by day as Herbal drugs are safe, cheaper and easily available with therapeutic properties. In Nimar region of Madhya Pradesh, lots of common medicinal plants are available that are used by Nimari people and tribes as remedy to cure diseases. Nimar is the south western region of Madhya Pradesh state in west central India. The present paper provides information on 52 medicinal plants of Nimar area.

scholarly journals Microbial Quality Assurance of Dried Roots of Chlorophytum borivilianum Sant F (Safed Musli)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Mansi Shrivastava ◽  
Poonam Sharma ◽  
Rambir Singh
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Permissible Limit ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
World Health ◽  
Design Quality ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Chlorophytum Borivilianum ◽  
Safed Musli

Aim: To assess total bacterial load and detect E. coli and Salmonella in Chlorophytum borivilianum (Safed Musli), cultivated and processed in the Bundelkhand region. Study Design: Quality assurance of medicinal plant raw material is essential for the preparation of good quality herbal medicines. The dried roots of Safed Musli were collected from different regions of the Bundelkhand and total aerobic microbial count was measured. Methodology: We collected 10 samples of Safed Musli dried roots from different regions of Bundelkhand. A stock suspension was prepared using sterile peptone water and plated on a nutrient agar medium which was used to calculate total aerobic bacterial load as colony-forming units per gram (CFU/g). Further, biochemical tests were performed to confirm the identification of E. coli and Salmonella. Results: The total aerobic bacteria count in dried roots of Safed Musli was within the permissible limit (105-107CFU/g of dried raw material) as per globally recognized pharmacopoeia and other regulatory agencies such as the Central Council of Research in Ayurvedic Sciences (CCRAS), Ministry of AYUSH, Govt. of India, United States Pharmacopoeia (USP), Brazilian Pharmacopoeia (BP), European Pharmacopoeia (EP), World Health Organization (WHO), American Herbal Products Association (AHPA) and National Science Foundation/American National Standards Institute (NSF/ANSI). Although 2 out of 10 samples were found to have contamination of E. coli and Salmonella within the permissible limit of WHO, EP and NSF/ANSI. Conclusion: The results indicated that the Safed Musli cultivated and processed in the Bundelkhand region is suitable for the preparation of herbal medicines and food supplements.

scholarly journals Inhibition of the α-glucosidase enzyme from Pelawan stem extract (Tristaniopsis merguensis Griff)

2021 ◽  
Vol 926 (1) ◽  
pp. 012001
Author(s):  
R G Mahardika ◽  
G P Kusuma ◽  
O Roanisca ◽  
Henri
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
The Body ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Methanol Fraction ◽  
Stem Extract ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Synthetic Drug

Abstract Diabetes mellitus continues to increase along with the increasing pattern of consuming ready-to-eat foods. The consequences of this habit will have a negative impact on the health of the body so that it can cause death. Treatment of diabetes mellitus is carried out in various ways, including administration of insulin and synthetic drug therapy. However, this medication has dangerous side effects. Therefore, research was carried out on Pelawan stems (Tristaniopsis merguensis Griff) which have the potential to be associated with secondary metabolites and bioactivity as antidiabetic so that they can be considered as raw material for herbal medicines in the future. total phenolic content of the methanol fraction of T. merguensis stems is 176.37 mg GAE/g DW. The total flavonoid content of the methanol fraction of T. merguensis stems is 9.85 mg QE/g DW. The results of the antidiabetic test for the methanol fraction of T. merguensis stems obtained an IC50 of 5.31 μg/mL. When viewed from the qualitative results of phenolics and flavonoids that have been carried out, it is likely that the activity of the α-glucosidase enzyme in this study is more influenced by polyphenolic compounds.

scholarly journals Controversy, Adulteration and Substitution: Burning Problems in Ayurveda Practices

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puneshwar Keshari
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Knowledge Systems ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Ayurvedic Drugs ◽  
The Common

Ayurveda is an Indian traditional system of medicine. In present era, world is looking towards herbal medicine because of acceptability and safety. Medicinal plants constitute an effective source of Ayurvedic and other traditional system of medicines as well as modern medicine. In India, about 80% of the rural population depends on herbal medicines in primary health care level. A large percentage of plants used in herbal industries are subject of controversy. Non-availability of plants, poor understanding and parallel evolved knowledge systems are some of the reasons attributed to it. The existing practices of polynomial nomenclature system of Sanskrit, different perceptions in various communities, vernacular equivalents, all are cumulative factors for controversy, adulteration and substitution. “ Sandigdha Dravaya “ is a term used for that type of medicinal plants which are mentioned in Ayurvedic classics but their exact botanical source is not known. Adulterants and substitutes are the common practices in herbal raw material trade. Adulteration is a debasement of an article. The motives for intentional adulteration are normally commercial that which involves deterioration, admixture, sophistication, inferiority, spoilage and other unknown reasons. Substitution is a replacement of equivalent drugs in place of original drugs. The principles to select substitute drugs are based on similar Rasa, Guna, Virya, Vipaka and mainly the Karma. At present the adulteration and Substitution of the herbal drugs is the burning problem in herbal industry and in Ayurvedic practices. So it is necessary to develop reliable methodologies for correct identification, standardization and quality assurance of Ayurvedic drugs.

scholarly journals Morphological diversity, total phenolic and flavonoid content of Echinacea purpurea cultivated in Karangpandan, Central Java, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwi Fajar Sidhiq ◽  
YULI WIDIYASTUTI ◽  
DYAH SUBOSITI ◽  
BAMBANG PUJIASMANTO ◽  
Ahmad Yunus
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Phenol Content ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

Abstract. Sidhiq DF, Subositi D, Widiyastuti Y, Pujiasmanto B, Yunus A. 2020. Morphological diversity, total phenolic and flavonoid content of Echinacea purpurea cultivated in Karangpandan, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1265-1271. Purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench) is a medicinal plant introduced from North America. While it has been introduced to Indonesia long several decades ago. E. purpurea has not been developed as a raw material for herbal medicines in Indonesia as it faces constraints, namely non-uniform production and lack of information on the total phenolic and flavonoid content if cultivated in the country. This study aims to determine the morphological diversity, total phenolic and flavonoid content of three accession E. purpurea cultivated on lowland area (i.e. 493 m asl) in Tegalgede, Karangpandan, Central Java, Indonesia. This study used a Randomized Complete Group Design (RCBD) method with 1 factor, namely 3 accessions of E. Purpurea: A1, A2, A3 each with four replications. Morphological observations, as well as laboratory analysis, were done in this research to collect quantitative and qualitative data. The quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS to test the difference. We found there is significantly different results E. Purpurea accession in term of plant height, wet stover weight, number of leaves, root weight, root length, number of branches. Quantitative observation in the form of extract yield, total phenol content and total flavonoid highest content of extract residue produced by Accession 3 with 7,655%, while the highest phenolic was produced by Accession 1 with 507,619 mg GAE.g -1 extract, and the highest flavonoid was produced by Accession 2 with 313,869 mg QE.g-1 extract. This study concludes that there is morphological diversity of E. purpurea cultivated in Karangpandan with a significant correlation of accession to residue extract, phenolic, and flavonoid content.

scholarly journals Variation for caffeic acid and phenolic content in different plant parts of Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad. and Wendl. – a commercially important dashmool species

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hari Om Saxena ◽  
Samiksha Parihar ◽  
Naseer Mohammad ◽  
Ganesh Pawar
Keyword(s):  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Agroclimatic Zone ◽  
Indian State ◽  
Valuable Compounds ◽  
Agroclimatic Zones ◽  
Solanum Xanthocarpum

Abstract Background Environmental factors have profound effect on quantity vis-a-vis quality of phytochemicals in medicinal plants. Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad. and Wendl. is among the 10 dashmool species which is utilized in more than hundreds of Ayurvedic preparations including ‘Dashmoolarishta’. Phenolics are the pharmacologically valuable compounds. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to assess the total phenolic (TP) and Caffeic acid (CA) contents in four different plant parts i.e., leaves, fruits, stem and roots of S. xanthocarpum sampled randomly from different locations of Madhya Pradesh, a central Indian state. Methods Plant samples were collected from 99 places of 29 districts falling in 11 agroclimatic regions of Madhya Pradesh through random sampling. UV-VIS spectrophotometer and HPTLC were used to determine TP and CA contents, respectively. Phytochemical screening was carried out using standard methods. Results Preliminary phytochemical screening indicates the presence of alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, phenols, steroids and terpenoids in all plant parts. Quantification of TP and CA contents revealed that both varied significantly between agroclimatic zones as well as within plant parts of S. xanthocarpum. Results revealed that among analysed plant parts, roots and stem harbored highest content of CA while fruits and leaves had the highest TP content. Among agroclimatic regions, accessions of Satpura plateau can be considered rich in CA and TP contents for fruits (0.030%; 28.70 mg CE/g), leaves (0.058%; 27.90 mg CE/g) and roots (0.161%; 5.17 mg CE/g). For stem, highest CA (0.100%) and TP (13.23 mg CE/g) contents were observed in samples of Malwa Plateau and Central Narmada Valley, respectively. Conclusion We conclude that agroclimatic regions have significant effect on studied phytochemicals and Satpura plateau agroclimatic zone may be targeted for conservation and sustainable utilization of this valuable dashmool species if the target plant parts are fruits, leaves and roots. While, Malwa Plateau and Central Narmada Valley zones may be targeted for stem. Further, fruits and roots may be utilized for extraction of TP compounds and CA respectively.

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