scholarly journals Investigating Multilayer Omega-Type Networks Operating with the Cut-Through Technique under Uniform or Hotspot Traffic Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 89-109
Author(s):  
Eleftherios Stergiou ◽  
John Garofalakis ◽  
Dimitrios Liarokapis ◽  
Spiridoula Margariti
Keyword(s):  
Network Architecture ◽  
Interconnection Networks ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Buffer Size ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Transfer Rates ◽  
Implementation Costs ◽  
Store And Forward

The continuous increase in the complexity of data networks has motivated the development of more effective Multistage Interconnection Networks (MINs) as important factors in providing higher data transfer rates in various switching divisions. In this paper, semi-layer omega-class networks operating with a cut-through forwarding technique are chosen as test-bed subjects for detailed evaluation, and this network architecture is modelled, inspected, and simulated. The results are examined for relevant singlelayer omega networks operating with cut-through or ‘store and forward’ forwarding techniques. Two series of experiments are carried out: one concerns the case of uniform traffic, while the other is related to hotspot traffic. The results quantify the way in which this network outperforms the corresponding singlelayer network architectures for the same network size and buffer size. Furthermore, the effects of the dimensions of the switch elements and their corresponding reliability on the overall interconnection system are investigated, and the complexity and the relevant cost are examined. The data yielded by this investigation can be valuable to MIN engineers and can allow them to achieve more productive networks with lower overall implementation costs.

scholarly journals A Study of Features and Deep Neural Network Architectures and Hyper-Parameters for Domestic Audio Classification

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4880
Author(s):  
Abigail Copiaco ◽  
Christian Ritz ◽  
Nidhal Abdulaziz ◽  
Stefano Fasciani
Keyword(s):  
Network Architecture ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Classification Performance ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Directed Acyclic Graphs ◽  
Spectral Features ◽  
Audio Classification ◽  
Resource Requirements ◽  
Efficient Alternative ◽  
Computational Resources

Recent methodologies for audio classification frequently involve cepstral and spectral features, applied to single channel recordings of acoustic scenes and events. Further, the concept of transfer learning has been widely used over the years, and has proven to provide an efficient alternative to training neural networks from scratch. The lower time and resource requirements when using pre-trained models allows for more versatility in developing system classification approaches. However, information on classification performance when using different features for multi-channel recordings is often limited. Furthermore, pre-trained networks are initially trained on bigger databases and are often unnecessarily large. This poses a challenge when developing systems for devices with limited computational resources, such as mobile or embedded devices. This paper presents a detailed study of the most apparent and widely-used cepstral and spectral features for multi-channel audio applications. Accordingly, we propose the use of spectro-temporal features. Additionally, the paper details the development of a compact version of the AlexNet model for computationally-limited platforms through studies of performances against various architectural and parameter modifications of the original network. The aim is to minimize the network size while maintaining the series network architecture and preserving the classification accuracy. Considering that other state-of-the-art compact networks present complex directed acyclic graphs, a series architecture proposes an advantage in customizability. Experimentation was carried out through Matlab, using a database that we have generated for this task, which composes of four-channel synthetic recordings of both sound events and scenes. The top performing methodology resulted in a weighted F1-score of 87.92% for scalogram features classified via the modified AlexNet-33 network, which has a size of 14.33 MB. The AlexNet network returned 86.24% at a size of 222.71 MB.

Microscopic studies of fast phase transformations in GeSbTe films

2001 ◽  
Vol 674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf Detemple ◽  
Inés Friedrich ◽  
Walter Njoroge ◽  
Ingo Thomas ◽  
Volker Weidenhof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Optical Measurements ◽  
Transfer Rates ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
High Data ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Future Success ◽  
Microscopic Studies

ABSTRACTVital requirements for the future success of phase change media are high data transfer rates, i.e. fast processes to read, write and erase bits of information. The understanding and optimization of fast transformations is a considerable challenge since the processes only occur on a submicrometer length scale in actual bits. Hence both high temporal and spatial resolution is needed to unravel the essential details of the phase transformation. We employ a combination of fast optical measurements with microscopic analyses using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The AFM measurements exploit the fact that the phase transformation from amorphous to crystalline is accompanied by a 6% volume reduction. This enables a measurement of the vertical and lateral speed of the phase transformation. Several examples will be presented showing the information gained by this combination of techniques.

scholarly journals The Science DMZ: A Network Design Pattern for Data-Intensive Science

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eli Dart ◽  
Lauren Rotman ◽  
Brian Tierney ◽  
Mary Hester ◽  
Jason Zurawski
Keyword(s):  
Network Design ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Design Patterns ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Scientific Discovery ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Data Intensive ◽  
And Performance

The ever-increasing scale of scientific data has become a significant challenge for researchers that rely on networks to interact with remote computing systems and transfer results to collaborators worldwide. Despite the availability of high-capacity connections, scientists struggle with inadequate cyberinfrastructure that cripples data transfer performance, and impedes scientific progress. The ScienceDMZparadigm comprises a proven set of network design patterns that collectively address these problems for scientists. We explain the Science DMZ model, including network architecture, system configuration, cybersecurity, and performance tools, that creates an optimized network environment for science. We describe use cases from universities, supercomputing centers and research laboratories, highlighting the effectiveness of the Science DMZ model in diverse operational settings. In all, the Science DMZ model is a solid platform that supports any science workflow, and flexibly accommodates emerging network technologies. As a result, the Science DMZ vastly improves collaboration, accelerating scientific discovery.

scholarly journals DATA TRANSFER RATE IN NOISY CHANNELS OF WIRELESS NETWORKS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (132) ◽  
pp. 136-144
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Khandetskyi ◽  
Dmutro Sivtsov ◽  
Kostjantun Panin
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Networks ◽  
Transfer Rate ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Data Transfer Rate ◽  
Noisy Channels ◽  
Transfer Rates ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Original Frame ◽  
Fragmented Data

Analysis of new technologies IEEE 802.11ac/ax of wireless networks showed that increasing their noise immunity is an actual task. The article studies the efficiency of fragmented data frames transmission. Comparison of the efficiencies in the case of retransmission of the corrupted original frame and in the case of its fragmentation in a wide range of the physical data transfer rates is carried out.

Network Blueprint for Maximizing the Lifetime of Smart Devices in Low Power IoT Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-38
Author(s):  
Sarwesh P. ◽  
K. Chandrasekaran ◽  
Thamizharasan S.
Keyword(s):  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Network Reliability ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Node Placement ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Device Lifetime ◽  
Placement Technique ◽  
Better Than

In the modern communication and computation era, internet of things (IoT) is developing as the key technology that satisfies the requirements of various applications. Prolonging device lifetime and maintaining network reliability is the evident objective for IoT network. Therefore, the authors come up with the network architecture that integrates node placement technique and routing technique. In the architecture, node placement is implemented by varying the density of nodes, by varying battery level of nodes, and by varying transmission range of nodes. Energy efficient and reliable path computation is addressed by routing technique. Therefore, enhancing the features of routing and node placement technique and integrating them together in network architecture can efficiently prolong the network lifetime. From the results, the authors observed that the proposed network architecture prolongs the network lifetime two times better than the standard model and also outperforms EQSR protocol and maintains the reliable data transfer.

High Speed Packet Access Broadband Mobile Communications

2009 ◽  
pp. 595-604
Author(s):  
Athanassios C. Iossifides ◽  
Spiros Louvros
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Mobile Wimax ◽  
Major Step ◽  
Transfer Rates ◽  
Mobile Broadband ◽  
History Of ◽  
Broadband Market

Mobile broadband communications systems have already become a fact during the last few years. The evolution of 3G Universal Mobile Telecommunications Systems (UMTS) towards HSDPA/HSUPA systems have already posed a forceful solution for mobile broadband and multimedia services in the market, making a major step ahead of the main competitive technology, that is, WiMax systems based on IEEE 802.16 standard. According to the latest analyses (GSM Association, 2007; Little, 2007), while WiMax has gained considerable attention the last few years, HSPA is expected to dominate the mobile broadband market. The main reasons behind this forecast are: • HSPA is already active in a significant number of operators and is going to be established for the majority of mobile broadband networks worldwide over the next five years, while commercial WiMax systems are only making their first steps. • Mobile WiMax is a competitive technology for selection by operators in only a limited number of circumstances where conditions are favourable. Future mobile WiMax systems may potentially achieve higher data transfer rates than HSPA, though cell coverage for these rates is expected to be substantially smaller. In addition, WiMax technology is less capable in terms of voice traffic capacity, thus limiting market size and corresponding revenues. • In order to overcome the aforementioned disadvantages, WiMax commercial launches are expected to introduce a relative CAPEX disadvantage of at least 20–50% comparing to HSPA, in favorable cases, while there are indications of an increase by up to 5–10 times when accounting for rural areas deployments. The short commercial history of HSDPA (based on Rel.5 specifications of 3GPP) started in December of 2005 (first wide scale launch by Cingular Wireless, closely followed by Manx Telecom and Telekom Austria). Bite Lietuva (Lithuania) was the first operator that launched 3.6 Mbps. HSUPA was first demonstrated by Mobilkom Austria in November 2006 and soon launched commercially in Italia by 3 in December 2006. Mobilkom Austria launched the combination of HSDPA at 7.2 Mbps and HSUPA in February 2007. By September of 2007, less than two years after the first commercial launch, 141 operators in 65 countries (24 out of 27 in EU) have already gone commercial with HSDPA with 38 operators among them supporting a 3.6 Mbps downlink. In addition, devices supporting HSDPA/HSUPA services are rapidly enriched. 311 devices from 79 suppliers have already been available by September 2007, including handsets, data cards, USB modems, notebooks, wireless routers, and embedded modules (http://hspa.gsmworld.com).

Research on the Extension of SCTP Protocol on the Heterogeneous Wireless Network

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-87
Author(s):  
Yao Yuan ◽  
Dalin Zhang ◽  
Lin Tian ◽  
Jinglin Shi
Keyword(s):  
Data Transfer ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Transmission Protocol ◽  
Multiple Streams ◽  
Stream Control Transmission Protocol ◽  
Transfer Rates ◽  
Heterogeneous Objects ◽  
Transport Layer Protocol ◽  
Stream Control

As a promising candidate of general-purpose transport layer protocol, the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) has its new features such as multi-homing and multi-streaming. SCTP association can make concurrent multi-path transfer an appealing candidate to satisfy the ever increasing user demands for bandwidth by using Multi-homing feature. And multiple streams provide an aggregation mechanism to accommodate heterogeneous objects, which belong to the same application but may require different QoS from the network. In this paper, the authors introduce WM2-SCTP (Wireless Multi-path Multi-flow - Stream Control Transmission Protocol), a transport layer solution for concurrent multi-path transfer with parallel sub-flows. WM2-SCTP aims at exploiting SCTP's multi-homing and multi-streaming capability by grouping SCTP streams into sub-flows based on their required QoS and selecting best paths for each sub-flow to improve data transfer rates. The results show that under different scenarios WM2-SCTP is able to support QoS among the SCTP stream, and it achieves a better throughput.

The SWARMs Approach to Integration of Underwater and Overwater Communication Sub-Networks and Integration of Heterogeneous Underwater Communication Systems

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Pacini ◽  
Giacomo Paoli ◽  
Iván Cayón ◽  
Tamara Rivera ◽  
Beatriz Sarmiento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Communication Network ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Underwater Vehicles ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Radio Communication ◽  
Transfer Rates ◽  
And Control

The management of a heterogeneous mix of underwater vehicles needs a robust and reliable communication network, able to connect the remote command and control station (typically ashore or on board of a support ship) with nodes and vehicles in the deep sea. On the basis of this scenario, the infrastructure shall satisfy requirements such as: medium to extremely long distances between the control room and the area of operation; management of a variable number and type of nodes and vehicles (mobile, fixed, underwater, surfaced); a guaranteed bandwidth to send commands and receive platform status and tasks execution information with minimum latency; a high bitrate to transfer sensor data, pictures and videos in “near real time”; etc. Compared to the available solutions used nowadays for radio communication systems, the underwater environment imposes several constraints on the maximum achievable bandwidth and distance, drastically reducing data transfer rates. This means that the full communication network is a trade-off between different requirements and performances. The SWARMs project approach to this problem is to select, combine and integrate different and heterogeneous communication technologies, components and solutions, in order to obtain the best performances for the management and control of underwater vehicles during the execution of different missions and tasks. The network is mainly based on commercial components, but specific adaptations were made in order to fulfil the requirements of ad hoc underwater and overwater sub networks in maritime specific scenarios. Several experiments and sea trials have allowed the verification of the performance of the full network and the optimization of its configuration according to the mission needs.

scholarly journals Tele-nuclear medicine

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathanael Sabbah ◽  
Sinclair Wynchank
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Transfer Rates ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Cost Differences

This article presents a description of tele-nuclear medicine and, after outlining its history, a wide, representative range of its applications. Tele-nuclear medicine has benefited greatly from technological progress, which for several decades has provided greater data transfer rates and storage capacity at steadily decreasing cost. Differences in the practice of nuclear medicine between developed and developing countries arise mainly from disparities in their available infrastructure, funding and education levels of personnel involved. Consequently there are different emphases in their tele-nuclear medicine, which are elaborated. It is concluded that tele-nuclear medicine is important for all countries, but the emphasis on its application may differ between developed and developing nations, with an emphasis on distance learning in the latter.

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