scholarly journals Online Learning During Covid-19 Pandemic, and Possibility of Adopting Computer-Based Test

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabea Emdas ◽  
Ahmed Alruwaili
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Test System ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Examination System ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Paper Test ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
The Many

COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the educational institutions in Australia and New Zealand, thus online learning was a significant option for education to be smoothly continued. This could possibly enhance the Computer-based exams (CBEs) to be used in various courses, such as schools, universities and other training centres. As there are many educational institutions which have chosen to convert from paper test system to computer- based exam. However, adopting computer tests may lead to some difficulties for the students, which relates to technical defects and lake of computer skills of some students when they are applying the computer based exams. The purpose of the paper was to discuss online learning during Covid19 and the possibility of adopting (CBEs), then to determine negative and positive effects on the students of using computer-based exams and focus on some of suggesting solutions to the negative effects. Computer test which could cause negative effects on students due to various levels of skills to use a computer and some technical problems was examined. The design of the computer examination system requires careful planning and study from several aspects before becoming officially accepted, the computer-based exams still have a few problems which may lead to difficulties in using computer exams. Then the many benefits which could be gained by using computer-based exams, such as the student will be more independent with computer test were described. In addition, the students have access to the exams through the internet network. Finally, the effectiveness of certain strategy to solve the negative effects of computer-based exams were argued. Developing the solutions of the technical problems are required for computer test, where improving the input methods questions and corrections. It was resulted that online learning has considered as a better option during COVID-19 pandemic, and the computer exam, with adjustments, is more suitable for students.

scholarly journals What are the Aspects of Adopting Computer-Based Exams and do they Impact Negatively on Students?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabea Emdas ◽  
Ahmed Alruwaili
Keyword(s):  
Test System ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Examination System ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Paper Test ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
The Many ◽  
Continuous Use

Computer-based exams (CBEs) have been used in various courses, such as schools, universities and other training centres. As there are many educational institutions which have chosen to convert from paper test system to computer- based exam. However, adopting computer tests may lead to some difficulties for the students, which relates to technical defects and lake of computer skills of some students when they applying the computer based exams. The purpose of the essay was to determine negative and positive effects on the students of using computer-based exams and focus on some of suggesting solutions to the negative effects, such the exams to make continuous use of computer- based possible. In the first section the computer test, which could cause negative effects on students due to various levels of skills to use computer and some technical problems was examined. The design of the computer examination system requires careful planning and study from several aspects before becoming officially accepted, the computer-based exams still have a few problems which may lead to difficulties in using computer exams. Then the many benefits which could be gained by using computer-based exams, such as the student will be more independent with computer test were described. In addition, the students have accessible to the exams through the internet network. Finally, the effectiveness of certain strategy to solve the negative effects of computer-based exams were argued. developing the solutions of the technical problems are required for computer test, where improving the input methods questions and corrections. It was concluded that the computer exam, with adjustments, is more suitable for students.

The Transfer Paradox: Effects of Contextual Interference on Retention and Transfer Performance of a Complex Cognitive Skill

1997 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 784-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeroen J. G. van Merriënboer ◽  
Marcel B. M. de Croock ◽  
Otto Jelsma
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Chemical Process ◽  
Cognitive Skill ◽  
Contextual Interference ◽  
Transfer Performance ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Transfer Paradox ◽  
Process Plant ◽  
Computer Based

In an exploratory study, the effects of contextual interference on retention and transfer performance were studied for learning a complex cognitive skill, namely, troubleshooting a computer-based simulation of a chemical process plant. Support was found for the “transfer paradox”: high contextual interference had negative effects on performance during practice and none on number of retention problems solved after the training but positive effects on number of new problems solved (transfer). Implications for the design of training are discussed.

Undesirable Effects of Goal Setting on Perceived Fairness, Commitment, and Unethical Behavior

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Keith
Keyword(s):  
Goal Setting ◽  
Unethical Behavior ◽  
The United States ◽  
Goal Commitment ◽  
Management Technique ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Perceived Fairness ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
And Performance

Abstract. The positive effects of goal setting on motivation and performance are among the most established findings of industrial–organizational psychology. Accordingly, goal setting is a common management technique. Lately, however, potential negative effects of goal-setting, for example, on unethical behavior, are increasingly being discussed. This research replicates and extends a laboratory experiment conducted in the United States. In one of three goal conditions (do-your-best goals, consistently high goals, increasingly high goals), 101 participants worked on a search task in five rounds. Half of them (transparency yes/no) were informed at the outset about goal development. We did not find the expected effects on unethical behavior but medium-to-large effects on subjective variables: Perceived fairness of goals and goal commitment were least favorable in the increasing-goal condition, particularly in later goal rounds. Results indicate that when designing goal-setting interventions, organizations may consider potential undesirable long-term effects.

Mobilizing for Some

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffael Heiss ◽  
Jörg Matthes
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Social Media ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Collective Efficacy ◽  
Political Efficacy ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
School Students ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Specific Factors

Abstract. This study investigated the effects of politicians’ nonparticipatory and participatory Facebook posts on young people’s political efficacy – a key determinant of political participation. We employed an experimental design, using a sample of N = 125 high school students (15–20 years). Participants either saw a Facebook profile with no posts (control condition), nonparticipatory posts, or participatory posts. While nonparticipatory posts did not affect participants’ political efficacy, participatory posts exerted distinct effects. For those high in trait evaluations of the politician presented in the stimulus material or low in political cynicism, we found significant positive effects on external and collective efficacy. By contrast, for those low in trait evaluations or high in cynicism, we found significant negative effects on external and collective efficacy. We did not find any effects on internal efficacy. The importance of content-specific factors and individual predispositions in assessing the influence of social media use on participation is discussed.

Covid-19 Pandemic And Sustainabilitystudy At Madrasah Ibtidaiyyahpsm Sulursewu, Teguhan, Ngawi, East Java

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (02) ◽  
pp. 103-114
Author(s):  
Moh. Toriqul Chaer ◽  
Muhammad Atabiqul As'ad ◽  
Qusnul Khorimah ◽  
Erik Sujarwanto
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Participatory Action ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Learning Programs ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
The Government

The continuity of learning programs during the COVID-19 pandemic found educational institutions, especially Madrasah Ibtidaiyyah (MI) temporarily closed the learning process in schools. To prevent the spread of COVID-19 that is currently engulfing Indonesia. Lack of preparation, readiness and learning strategies have a psychological impact on teachers and students. Declining quality of skills, lack of supporting facilities and infrastructure. Learning from home (online) is an effort by the government program to ensure the continuity of learning in the pandemic period. The research method uses participatory action research (PAR), which focuses on understanding social phenomena that occur in the community and mentoring efforts on the problems faced. The assistance effort is to help the children of MI Sulursewu, Ngawi in participating in online learning related to; 1). Preparation of activities, 2). Counselling participants offline method, 3). Offline activities method. Results of the study show that the mentoring activities following the target of achievement; first, the activity can be carried out following the schedule that has been set. Second, students are always on time for the online learning hours that have been set. Offline methods show that efforts can help ease the burden on parents, but can also make it easier for students to receive subject matter.  

On the diversity of the effects of the state support for agriculture

2019 ◽  
pp. 59-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolai M. Svetlov ◽  
Renata G. Yanbykh ◽  
Dariya A. Loginova
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
The State ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
State Support ◽  
Soft Budget Constraints ◽  
Institutional Conditions ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Corporate Farms

In this paper, we assess the effects of agricultural state support of corporate farms on their revenues from agricultural production sales in 14 Russian regions that differ in technology, environment and institutional conditions. In addition to the direct effect of the state support, the indirect effects via labor and capital are revealed. For this purpose, we identify production functions and statistical models of production factors for each of these regions separately. We find out diverse effects of the state support on revenues among the regions. Positive effects prevail. Negative effects are mainly caused by labor reductions that follow subsidy inflows. Another cause of negative effects is the soft budget constraints phenomenon.

MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL RESPOSES OF COW PEA (CV. PUSA BARSATI) GROWN ON FLY ASH AMENDED SOIL IN PRESENCE AND ABSENCE OF MELOIDOGYNE JAVANICA AND RHIZOBIUM LEGUMINOSARUM

1970 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamal Singh ◽  
A. A. Khan ◽  
Iram Khan ◽  
Rose Rizvi ◽  
M. Saquib
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Insignificant Difference

Plant growth, yield, pigment and protein content of cow-pea were increased significantly at lower levels (20 and 40%) of fly ash but reverse was true at higher levels (80 and 100%). Soil amended by 60% fly ash could cause suppression in growth and yield in respect to 40% fly ash treated cow-pea plants but former was found at par with control (fly ash untreated plants). Maximum growth occurred in plants grown in soil amended with 40% fly ash. Nitrogen content of cow-pea was suppressed progressively in increasing levels of fly ash. Moreover,  Rhizobium leguminosarum  influenced the growth and yield positively but Meloidogyne javanica caused opposite effects particularly at 20 and 40% fly ash levels. The positive effects of R. leguminosarum were marked by M. javanica at initial levels. However, at 80 and 100% fly ash levels, the positive and negative effects of R. leguminosarum and/or M. javanica did not appear as insignificant difference persist among such treatments.Key words:  Meloidogyne javanica; Rhizobium leguminosarum; Fly ash; Growth; YieldDOI: 10.3126/eco.v17i0.4098Ecoprint An International Journal of Ecology Vol. 17, 2010 Page: 17-22 Uploaded date: 28 December, 2010  

Effects of Cigarette Smoking in Adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lana Lan Chan
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
The Many ◽  
Physical Consequences ◽  
Health Canada

First-hand cigarette smoking is known to result in adverse health effects in adults, influencing wellbeing physically and mentally. The most prevalent physical consequences are cardiovascular diseases, cancer of the throat and oral cavities, diseases of the bowel, eye, respiratory system, and reproductive system. Arguably, direct effects of tobacco smoking have been said to affect mental aspects of wellbeing such as depression, mood, and anxiety disorders. Undoubtedly smoking comes with many negative effects, but with implementation of smoking cessation strategies, it is possible to strengthen the overall health and wellbeing of smokers. As such, Health Canada recognizes the many health benefits associated with smoking cessation, by delivering health-promoting campaigns that strongly urge, it is not too late to quit.  

Remedies in BRICS Countries

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Avdasheva ◽  
Tatiana Radchenko
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Market Performance ◽  
International Division ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Managerial Decisions ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
Target Company ◽  
Specific Position

Within the group of BRICS, China, Russia, and South Africa use conduct remedies more often than developed jurisdictions. Remedies are applied under merger approval or as an outcome of investigation of anticompetitive conducts. Effects of conduct remedies on companies’ decisions and market performance still need explanation. This chapter explains the use of conduct remedies, with special emphasis on Russia, by the specific position of BRICS in international division of labor, which allows the large companies, and first of all domestic ones, to discriminate customers in BRICS home markets, vis-à-vis international customers. Together with positive effects on domestic customers, competition economics predicts the possibility of negative effects of remedies on the managerial decisions within the target company. Under some circumstances, remedies may even weaken competition in the global product markets.

scholarly journals How Do the Timing and Duration of Courses Affect Participation in Adult Learning and Education? A Panel Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 074171362110190
Author(s):  
Fabian Rüter ◽  
Andreas Martin
Keyword(s):  
Adult Education ◽  
Adult Learning ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Temporal Organization ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Matching Process ◽  
Education Participation ◽  
The Impact

Participation in adult learning and education requires the availability of, and accessibility to, learning opportunities provided by educational institutions. One fundamental element is time. Adult learning and education participation can only be realized by successfully matching individual time-availabilities with the temporal organization of provided courses. To address this required matching process, this study contributes to research literature as one of the first studies that investigates the impact of timing and course duration on participation counts (longitudinally). For this, we use organizational data from public adult education centers ( Volkshochschulen—VHS; the main adult education providers in Germany) from 2007 to 2017. Methodologically, random- and fixed-effects models are applied. We find significant positive effects on participation counts between increasing program breadth in terms of temporal formats and increasing average course duration.

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