scholarly journals Assessment of the reasonable number of physicians in Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 789-797
Author(s):  
Young In Oh ◽  
Jung Chan Lee ◽  
Jeong Hun Park
Keyword(s):  
Medical Student ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
National Health ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Student Enrollment ◽  
Medical Systems ◽  
The Government ◽  
Medical Access ◽  
Distribution Of Physicians

The government argues that the expansion of the number of physicians is inevitable due to the absolute lack of practising physicians in Korea compared to members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Further, the government contends that poor medical access and adverse effects on the national health level require such an expansion. This study aimed to verify whether the government’s claims regarding the lack of physician manpower are reasonable by estimating the projected supply and demand of physicians by 2023 based on scenarios involving their productivity and number of working days. As a result, all scenarios indicated a projected oversupply, except for the scenario in which there are 255 working days and physicians’ productivity is the same as that of 2018. Even in scenario three, in which there are 255 working days and physicians’ productivity is the same as that of 2018, an oversupply was projected from 2027. Standards regarding the number of physicians vary from country to country, as they are affected by various factors including medical systems, demographic structures, national health levels, medical infrastructures, accessibility, medical finance and geographical conditions. This issue can be seen as resulting from the unbalanced regional distribution of physicians rather than from an absolute shortage of the number of physicians. The trickle-down effect of expanding the medical student enrollment cannot solve the problem of the unbalanced regional distribution of physicians.

scholarly journals Health system gaps in cardiovascular disease prevention and management in Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Archana Shrestha ◽  
Rashmi Maharjan ◽  
Biraj Man Karmacharya ◽  
Swornim Bajracharya ◽  
Niharika Jha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Health System ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
National Health ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Health Spending ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Critical System ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
The Government

Abstract Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of deaths and disability in Nepal. Health systems can improve CVD health outcomes even in resource-limited settings by directing efforts to meet critical system gaps. This study aimed to identify Nepal’s health systems gaps to prevent and manage CVDs. Methods We formed a task force composed of the government and non-government representatives and assessed health system performance across six building blocks: governance, service delivery, human resources, medical products, information system, and financing in terms of equity, access, coverage, efficiency, quality, safety and sustainability. We reviewed 125 national health policies, plans, strategies, guidelines, reports and websites and conducted 52 key informant interviews. We grouped notes from desk review and transcripts’ codes into equity, access, coverage, efficiency, quality, safety and sustainability of the health system. Results National health insurance covers less than 10% of the population; and more than 50% of the health spending is out of pocket. The efficiency of CVDs prevention and management programs in Nepal is affected by the shortage of human resources, weak monitoring and supervision, and inadequate engagement of stakeholders. There are policies and strategies in place to ensure quality of care, however their implementation and supervision is weak. The total budget on health has been increasing over the past five years. However, the funding on CVDs is negligible. Conclusion Governments at the federal, provincial and local levels should prioritize CVDs care and partner with non-government organizations to improve preventive and curative CVDs services.

Coping with Spatial Mismatch: Subsidy Design for Electric Vehicle and Charging Markets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Yifan Dou
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Problem Definition ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Theoretic Model ◽  
Spatial Mismatch ◽  
The Government ◽  
Ev Charging

Problem definition: We study how the government should design the subsidy policy to promote electric vehicle (EV) adoptions effectively and efficiently when there might be a spatial mismatch between the supply and demand of charging piles. Academic/practical relevance: EV charging infrastructures are often built by third-party service providers (SPs). However, profit-maximizing SPs might prefer to locate the charging piles in the suburbs versus downtown because of lower costs although most EV drivers prefer to charge their EVs downtown given their commuting patterns and the convenience of charging in downtown areas. This conflict of spatial preferences between SPs and EV drivers results in high overall costs for EV charging and weak EV adoptions. Methodology: We use a stylized game-theoretic model and compare three types of subsidy policies: (i) subsidizing EV purchases, (ii) subsidizing SPs based on pile usage, and (iii) subsidizing SPs based on pile numbers. Results: Subsidizing EV purchases is effective in promoting EV adoptions but not in alleviating the spatial mismatch. In contrast, subsidizing SPs can be more effective in addressing the spatial mismatch and promoting EV adoptions, but uniformly subsidizing pile installation can exacerbate the spatial mismatch and backfire. In different situations, each policy can emerge as the best, and the rule to determine which side (SPs versus EV buyers) to subsidize largely depends on cost factors in the charging market rather than the EV price or the environmental benefits. Managerial implications: A “jigsaw-piece rule” is recommended to guide policy design: subsidizing SPs is preferred if charging is too costly or time consuming, and subsidizing EV purchases is preferred if charging is sufficiently fast and easy. Given charging costs that are neither too low nor too high, subsidizing SPs is preferred only if pile building downtown is moderately more expensive than pile building in the suburbs.

Growth prospects, market challenges and policy measures: evolution of mobile broadband in Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shehzad Hanif ◽  
Shao Yunfei ◽  
Muhammad Imran Hanif
Keyword(s):  
Developing Country ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mobile Broadband ◽  
Broadband Service ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Government

Purpose The paper aims to explore the long-term prospects of mobile broadband adoption in a developing country. The supply-side and demand-side policy measures are recommended to counter the challenges to broadband adoption. Design/methodology/approach Methodologically, this study uses document analysis to explain secondary data including growth statistics, trade literature and previous scholarly research. Based on the growth statistics of broadband and the informed market insights, the research discusses the prevailing market threats and recommends counter measures to improve the long-term prospects of broadband propagation. Findings The growth of mobile broadband is settling down in Pakistan due to various barriers like cost, literacy, security and unavailability of local content. Collaborative efforts are required by the government, the service providers and the people to enhance the adoption of broadband service and secure economic benefits of the broadband. Practical implications The research offers useful implications for managers and policymakers in Asian and African developing countries; the policy measures discussed here may serve as guidelines for them in the design of their own policies regarding broadband supply and demand. Originality/value The study makes an effort to examine the broadband growth in a developing country on the basis of both quantitative and qualitative aspects. The research endeavors to fill the gap on the particular scholarship of research covering potential uptake of broadband services and the effects of constraining elements to broadband adoption in a developing country.

scholarly journals Analysis of Budget Imbalance Dynamics in Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 352
Author(s):  
Alex Oguso ◽  
Francis M. Mwega ◽  
Nelson H. Wawire ◽  
Purna Samanta
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Fiscal Consolidation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Government

<p><em>Kenya needs substantial and sustained fiscal consolidation to create fiscal space for financing the government’s election pledges, the Vision 2030 development projects, and sustainable development goals. However, the government has found it hard to sustain its fiscal consolidation attempts. This study investigates the fiscal consolidation constraints that act through the budget imbalance dynamics in Kenya using the </em><em>Olivera-Tanzi effect approach.</em><em> The study covers the period 2000-2015</em><em> using time series data and employs three </em><em>Auto-regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) error correction models</em><em> in the analysis. The study showed that a </em><em>rise in the general price levels in the economy, adjustment of minimum wages, rise</em><em> in perceived levels of corruption in the public sector and the political budget cycles (occurrence of a general election) worsen the budget imbalances (deficits) thus </em><em>constrain fiscal consolidation efforts in Kenya. The study also demonstrated that </em><em>budget imbalance dynamics in Kenya could partly be explained by the Olivera-Tanzi proposition. </em><em>The study rec</em><em>ommends measures to reduce the fiscal imbalance gap in Kenya, which include controlling both supply and demand side inflationary pressure and dealing with rent seeking behavior in the public sector.</em></p>

scholarly journals Kepercayaan Publik (Public Trust) Terhadap E-Government : Studi Kasus Penggunaan E-Mobile BPJS Kesehatan Di Kota Makassar

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Sitti Mirsa Sirajuddin ◽  
A . Atrianingsi
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
National Health Insurance ◽  
National Health ◽  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Public Trust ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Government ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
High Level

The general objective of the study was to analyze the level of public trust (citizen trust) of e-government based health insurance services, namely the e-mobile National Health Insurance (JKN) BPJS in Makassar City.The design of this research is a quantitative descriptive type. The population in this study were people who used the National Health Insurance (JKN) e-mobile application with 167 respondents. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire instrument. Data analysis uses multiple linear regression.The results showed that first there was a high level of public trust in JKN e-mobile applications. This means that the application gives satisfaction to the community and is considered beneficial for them. Secondly, the level of public trust is high in the government, where the public considers the government to be serious in providing health insurance services.Tujuan umum penelitian adalah untuk menganalisis tingkat kepercayaan publik (citizen trust) terhadap pelayanan jaminan kesehatan berbasis e-government yaitu e-mobile Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) BPJS Kesehatan di Kota Makassar. Desain penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif tipe deskriptif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah masyarakat yang menggunakan aplikasi e-mobile Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 383 orang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan instrument kuesioner. Analisis data menggunakan regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, pertama terdapat tingkat kepercayaan tinggi masyarakat terhadap aplikasi e-mobile JKN. Hal ini berarti aplikasi memberi kepuasan kepada masyarakat dan dianggap bermanfaat bagi mereka. Kedua tingkat kepercayaan publik tinggi terhadap pemerintah tinggi, dimana masyarakat menilai pemerintah serius dalam memberikan pelayanan jaminan kesehatan.

scholarly journals Impelementasi Kebijakan Pemerintah dalam Mengoptimalkan Kinerja Pegawai Negeri Sipil untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Pelayanan Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional-Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial Kesehatan

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-292
Author(s):  
Aloi Kamarasyid
Keyword(s):  
Human Resource ◽  
National Health ◽  
Regional Hospital ◽  
The Common ◽  
Bureaucratic Structure ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Government ◽  
Civil Government

The program of government is ruled by an organization which is pointed out to perform as the first target. But there are not programs of government has not been maximumly ruled by the organization which is pointed. The program of guarantee of national health of the board of social guarantee at The Common Hospital of South Bangka Hospital, Regional Hospital of Pangkalpinang, Bhakti Timah Hospital Pangkalpinang hasn’t succeeded maximum. It is caused by the medical workers haven’t been suitable, the sum of doctors are not enough, the facilities haven’t been enough, a few of socialisations about the programs. It is needed the policy of the government to manage the programs so the service of heath can be touched for all people of South Bangka, Pangkalpinang according to the law of Republic of Indonesia number 24 in the year 2011, the regulation of minister of the heath of Republic of Indonesia number 28 in the year 2014. The policy of government is influenced by four of communication factors, human resource, disposition, and bureaucratic structure, whereas the work of civil government officers to give a service of guarantee of national health, the board of social guarantee at The Common Hospital of South Bangka, The Regional Hospital of Pangkalping, and The Bhakti Timah Hospital hasn’t been ability, motivation, and maximum chance. The utility of the writing to see the work of civil government officers in giving a service of national guarantee, the board of social guarantee.

scholarly journals Analysis of Egg Price Fluctuation and Cause

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 581
Author(s):  
Wu Yuhuan ◽  
Qin Fu
Keyword(s):  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Laying Hen ◽  
Consumer Spending ◽  
Cost Information ◽  
Price Fluctuation ◽  
Sudden Drop ◽  
Price Fluctuations ◽  
Protection Policy ◽  
Environmental Protection Policy ◽  
The Government

In 2017, egg price in China has experienced a lot of ups and downs, which has had a significant impact on the laying hen farmers and the enterprises and related enterprises. In the first half of 2017, egg price fell, which has dropped to a minimum of 4.02 yuan/kg, while the profits of egg producers were impaired and the profit of egg processing enterprises declined. Starting in July, egg price recovered, breaking a price of 5 yuan/kg. Egg price rose sharply in August, reaching an average of 8.53 yuan/kg. In October, egg price began to fall, with a price of 7 yuan/kg. In November, egg price began to rise, rising to 8 yuan/kg. The sudden drop of egg price greatly affects the income and culture psychology of laying hen farmers, and influences the development of the egg industry. This study is aimed at egg price and egg price fluctuations in 2017, and get two conclusions: From January to July, due to the amount of laying hens breeding, breeding cost, information technology and the government&rsquo;s environmental protection policy and terminal weak consumer spending, egg price fell sharply; egg price rebounded in August and December, and the highest price was in September and gradually steadied. At the same time, this paper analyzes the causes of egg price fluctuation from two aspects of supply and demand, and puts forward some suggestions on how to deal with the price fluctuations from the two aspects of enterprise and laying hen breeding farmers.

scholarly journals Treatment Interest of Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (Social Security Organizing Agency) Patients in Balowerti Public Health Center Kediri City

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Sandu Siyoto ◽  
Albert Ronald Tule
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
Health Center ◽  
National Health ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Patient Dissatisfaction ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Financial Flow ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Government

The Social Security Organizing Agency (BPJS) which was established in 2014, implements the National Health Insurance Program (JKN). While JKN positively affects national health and increases the financial flow of private hospitals, there is a significant financial deficit, which can be covered by the involvement of informal private-sector workers, whose loyalty to the hospital is mainly influenced by hospital&rsquo;s environment, communication with staff, and service quality. Previous studies indicate that in Indonesia loyalty to the public hospitals can have no relationships with service quality, to test this assumption, a sample of 126 subjects was recruited at the Balowerti City Health Center, Kediri City. All participants of the study received premium assistance beneficiaries (PBI) of BPJS insurance, which is fully subsidized by the government. Despite this, the main part of the sample evaluated their perception of the Balowerti City Health Center and the quality of its service as average or poor. Ordinal regression confirmed the existence of the influence of service quality and perception of the hospital on the behavioral intention of patients. Refers to perception of low service quality is the main reason for insufficient involvement if JKN. According to the previous studies, a lack of time for communication with the patient, long time of waiting, and a lack of information of BPJS are main reasons of patient dissatisfaction and low enrollment in JKN.

scholarly journals FISCAL INSTITUTIONS AND THE SIZE AND INTER-REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF PUBLIC REDISTRIBUTION

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raul A Ponce-Rodriguez ◽  
Juan Medina-Guirado
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Decentralization ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Revenue Sharing ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Fiscal Institutions ◽  
National Budget ◽  
Public Transfers ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Redistribute Income

Abstract Fiscal institutions, which are responsible for the delegation of tax and spending powers among different tiers of governments, are important determinants of the size and efficiency of public redistribution. In this paper we develop a comparative analysis of the impact of fiscal decentralization vis-à-vis tax revenue sharing on the government’s effort to redistribute income. The main findings are: first, the size of the national budget for public redistribution is the same under fiscal decentralization and tax revenue sharing. Second, different fiscal institutions lead to different regional distributions of public transfers. Third, when choosing between decentralization and tax revenue sharing, there is a tradeoff between the efficiency and the regional effort of the government to redistribute income. Resumen Las instituciones fiscales, que determinan la responsabilidad del diseño de impuestos y gasto entre los diferentes niveles de gobierno, son importantes determinantes del tamaño y eficiencia de la redistribución pública. En este artículo, se desarrolla un análisis comparativo del impacto en el esfuerzo del gobierno en redistribuir el ingreso, entre la descentralización fiscal en y una política de compartir el ingreso fiscal. Los principales resultados son: primero, el tamaño del presupuesto en redistribución es el mismo para una economía con descentralización o en la que se comparte el ingreso fiscal. Segundo, las instituciones fiscales implican una asignación diferente en la distribución regional de transferencias públicas. Tercero, al escoger entre descentralización y el compartir el ingreso fiscal, existe un intercambio entre la eficiencia y la distribución regional de las transferencias públicas.

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