scholarly journals Effect of a mannose to the interactions between Naegleria fowleri and pathogenic bacteria

Biomedicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 623-629
Author(s):  
Suk-Yul Jung
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Naegleria Fowleri ◽  
Bacterial Interaction ◽  
Nægleria Fowleri ◽  
Bacterial Association

Introduction and Aim: In this study, the interaction between pathogenic Naegleria fowleri and pathogenic bacteria such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Enterococcus faecalis and Salmonella typhi was analyzed by a monosaccharide of mannose. Moreover, since the form of N. fowleri was found in diseases as cysts, the interaction between cysts and bacteria was analyzed.   Materials and Methods: In order to analyze the role of a monosaccharide called mannose in bacterial interaction, the analysis of bacterial association, invasion, and survival for amoeba treated with mannose was performed. N. fowleri trophozoites or cysts were pre-treated with a mannose at a concentration of 10, 50 and 100 mM for 1 hr at 37°C.   Results: The MRSA association was hardly suppressed until the concentration of mannose was 50 mM, but its association was reduced by about 168% to N. fowleri trophozoites by 100 mM mannose. Compared to the results for MRSA, the association of E. faecalis had little effect by mannose. Very interestingly, although S. typhi showed much higher invasion than the above MRSA and E. faecalis, it did not survive at all within N. fowleri trophozoites. Ten mM mannose showed a nearly similar 1% association with N. fowleri cyst treated, but not with 50 mM and 100 mM mannose treated N. fowleri cyst at all.   Conclusion: The association and invasion of S. typhi was highest for N. fowleri trophozoites and cysts, but the three bacteria did not survive in N. fowleri trophozoites and cysts.

scholarly journals Uji Bioaktivitas Ekstrak Etanol Alga Merah Galaxaura oblongata (Ellis dan Solonder) Lamouroux. Terhadap Beberapa Jenis Bakteri Patogen. (Bioactivity Test of Red Algae Galaxaura oblongata (Ellis and Solonder) Lamouroux Ethanol Extract Against Several Types of Pathogenic Bacteria

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Teresia Panden ◽  
Johanis Julian Pelealu ◽  
Marina Singkoh
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

Uji Bioaktivitas Ekstrak Etanol Alga Merah Galaxaura oblongata (Ellis dan Solonder) Lamouroux. Terhadap Beberapa Jenis Bakteri Patogen.(Bioactivity Test of Red Algae Galaxaura oblongata (Ellis and Solonder) Lamouroux Ethanol Extract Against Several Types of Pathogenic Bacteria) Teresia Panden1*), Johanis Julian Pelealu1), Marina Flora Oktovine Singkoh1)1)Program Studi Biologi FMIPA Unsrat Manado*Email: [email protected] Diterima  5 Juli 2019, diterima untuk dipublikasi 10 Agustus 2019 ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan menghitung nilai konsentrasi Minimum Inhibitory Concentration dan Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ekstrak etanol Galaxaura oblongata terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus), dan Salmonella typhi dalam memberikan pengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus MRSA (Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus), dan  Salmonella typhi. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan cara maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol. Pengujian bioaktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode dilusi cair. Hasil uji bioaktivitas antibakteri dianalisa menggunakan metode Oneway Anova, dilanjutkan dengan Uji Tukey. Uji bioaktivitas antibakteri menunjukkan ekstrak memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. Pada bakteri Staphylococcus aureus konsentrasi ekstrak 90% ditetapkan sebagai nilai MIC, MRSA pada konsentrasi ekstrak 30% ditetapkan sebagai nilai MIC, dan pada Salmonella typhi pada konsentrasi ekstrak 30% ditetapkan sebagai nilai MIC. Data Anova menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan koloni tiap konsentrasi ekstrak signifikan artinya tiap konsentrasi berbeda nyata dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri, tetapi nilai MBC belum dapat ditentukan karena masih mengalami pertumbuhan koloni pada hasil pengujian MBC.Kata kunci : Galaxaura oblongata, bioaktivitas, senyawa kimia, antibakteri. ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration of Galaxaura oblongata ethanol extract against Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus), and Salmonella typhi in influencing the growth of Staphylococcus aureus MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus), and Salmonella typhi. Extraction was carried out by maceration using ethanol solvent. The liquid dilution method was used as an antibacterial bioactivity testing. The antibacterial bioactivity test results showed that the extract had antibacterial activity. In Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, concentrations extract of 90% were determined as MIC values, MRSA of concentrations extract of 30 were determined as MIC values, and in Salmonella typhi at concentrations extract of 30% set as MIC values. The antibacterial bioactivity test results were analyzed using One Way Anova method, followed by the Tukey Test. Anova's data showed that the growth of colonies in each concentration of extract was significant, meaning that each concentration was significantly different in inhibiting bacterial growth. However, the MBC value could not be determined because it still experienced colony growth in the results of MBC testing.Keywords: Galaxaura oblongata, bioactivity, chemical compound, antibacterial.

scholarly journals AKTIVITAS EKSTRAK METANOL DAUN ULIN (EUSIDEROXYLON ZWAGERI TEIJSM & BINN) TERHADAP EMPAT JENIS BAKTERI PATOGEN

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Yeni Mariani ◽  
Fathul Yusro ◽  
Evy Wardenaar
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
West Kalimantan ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Eusideroxylon Zwageri

Abstrak: Suku Dayak Uud Danum di Kalimantan Barat memanfaatkan daun Ulin (Eusideroxylon zwageri Teijsm & Binn) sebagai tumbuhan obat dalam pengobatan tradisional untuk mengobati berbagai penyakit seperti diare, demam dan penguat badan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis aktivitas ekstrak metanol dari daun ulin terhadap beberapa jenis bakteri patogen. Daun ulin diekstraksi dengan menggunakan metanol, kemudian diuji dengan metode difusi terhadap empat jenis bakteri yaitu Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi pada empat level konsentrasi (1, 5, 10 dan 15 mg/ml) dan E. coli (50, 100, 150 dan 200 mg/ml). Hasil pengujian memperlihatkan bahwa semua level konsentrasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap hambatan pertumbuhan bakteri patogen. Semakin tinggi konsentrasi ekstrak metanol daun ulin semakin tinggi diameter hambat yang dihasilkan. Diameter hambat tertinggi ditunjukkan oleh konsentrasi 15 mg/ml pada jenis bakteri S. typhi (12,33 mm) dan E. coli pada konsentrasi 200 mg/ml (22,67 mm). Hasil pengujian membuktikan bahwa daun ulin yang secara tradisional digunakan dalam pengobatan tradisional memiliki potensi sebagai antibakteri alami.Kata kunci: Ulin, antibakteri, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, dan Escherichia coli.Abstract: Dayak Uud Danum of West Kalimantan traditionally use ulin leaves (Eusideroxylon zwageri Teisjm & Binn) to cure various diseases namely diarrhea, fever, and tonic. This present study aims to evaluate the activity of methanol extract of ulin leaves against several types of pathogenic bacteria. Ulin leaves were extracted with methanol; thus, the extract resulted tested in terms of disc diffusion Kirby and Bauer against four types of bacteria such as Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi (1, 5, 10, and 15 mg/ml), and Escherichia coli (50, 100, 150, and 200 mg/ml). The results showed that all levels of concentration significantly affect the inhibition growth of pathogenic bacteria. The higher the concentration of methanol extract of ulin leaves used, the higher the inhibition zone produced. The highest response inhibition growth showed from the highest level of 15 mg/ml on S. tyhpi (12.33 mm), and E. coli was 200 mg/ml (22.67 mm). It suggested that the leaves of ulin which traditionally used as medicinal plant have the potency as natural antibacterial agents.Keywords: Ulin, antibacterial, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, and Escherichia coli.

Role of interleukin-17 in a murine community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia model

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasushi Shibue ◽  
Soichiro Kimura ◽  
Chiaki Kajiwara ◽  
Yoichiro Iwakura ◽  
Keizo Yamaguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Interleukin 17 ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus Pneumonia

scholarly journals Identification and antibiogram study of bacterial species isolated from milk samples of different locations in Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Nuruzzaman Munsi ◽  
Nathu Ram Sarker ◽  
Razia Khatun ◽  
Mohammed Khorshed Alam
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
First Choice

Cow’s milk containing pathogenic bacteria is an important threat to the consumers. The objectives of the present study were to identify the bacterial agents of public health importance in milk samples (n=35) of different locations and to determine their sensitivity to different antibiotics. The milk samples were collected and transported aseptically and subsequently allowed for culture in bacteriological media, Gram’s staining and biochemical tests for the identification of bacterial species. The bacteria identified were Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi, and their prevalence, in case of vendor milk specimens (n=28), were 96.43%, 53.57% and 35.71% respectively, and of brand milk specimens (n=7), were 42.86 %, 28.57% and 0%, respectively. This suggests that cautionary measures should be taken for quality milk production and consumption. The antibiotic sensitivity test was done by disc diffusion method and the average inhibition zones, in case of Staphylococcus aureus, were 32 mm for oxytetracycline, 26 mm for amoxicillin, 35 mm for ciprofloxacin, 27 mm for cefotaxime, 30 mm for ceftriaxone, 30 mm for azithromycin, and 26 mm for erythromycin; in case of Escherichia coli, were 5 mm for oxytetracycline, 9 mm for amoxicillin, 22 mm for ciprofloxacin, 30 mm for cefotaxime, 31 mm for ceftriaxone, 15 mm for azithromycin, and 0 mm for erythromycin; in case of Salmonella typhi., were 25 mm for oxytetracycline, 24 mm for amoxicillin, 38 mm for ciprofloxacin, 31 mm for cefotaxime, 34 mm for ceftriaxone, 24 mm for azithromycin, and 0 mm for erythromycin. Therefore, ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone may be the antibiotics of first choice, and cefotaxime and azithromycin may be the second choice among the test antibiotics for the treatment of illness caused by these bacteria.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2015, 1(3): 457-462

scholarly journals Preliminary phytochemical screening and susceptibility of bacteria pathogens to whole extract of evolvulus alsinoides (L.)

1970 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
BA Omogbai ◽  
FA Eze
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Evolvulus Alsinoides ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Context: Plant based antimicrobial represent a vast untapped source for medicines and further exploration of plant antimicrobial neeto occur. Evolvulus alsinoides (L) (Convolvulaceae) is a perennial herb is used in traditional medicine in East Asia, India, Africa and Philippines to cure fever, cough, cold, venereal diseases, azoospermia, adenitis and dementia.   Objective: The objective of this research was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the extracts of E. alsinoides on some clinical microbial isolates.   Materials and Methods: The ed thanolic and aqueous extracts of the whole plant (leaves and twigs) were analysed for alkanoids, tannins, glycosides, steroids, flavonoids, saponins, volatile oil and resins. The determination of antibacterial activity was done using the agar well diffusion technique. Pure cultures of pathogenic bacteria such as Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus leutus, Klebsiella Pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi were used for antibacterial activity assay, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC).   Results: The ethanolic extract of the plant had MIC values ranging from 16 mg/ml to 512.5 mg/ml. The least MIC was 16mg-ml against Salmonella typhi while Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus showed the highest MIC of 512.5 mg-ml. In the aqueous extract the MIC ranged between 512.5 to >1025 mg/ml. Salmonella typhi, Micrococcus luteus and Staphylococcus aureus were not inhibited by the water extract. Phytochemical result showed ethanol to be a better solvent for the extraction of the bioactive agents in this plant which include: glycosides, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids and volatile oil.   Conclusion: In this study the gram-negative organisms had the lowest MICs and MBCs. This suggests their higher susceptibility to the extract of this plant. On the basis of the result obtained in this investigation it can be concluded that ethanol extract of Evolvulus alsinoides had significant in vitro broad spectrum antimicrobial activity.   Keywords: Evolvulus alsinoides; Phytochemical screening; Antibacterial activity. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v18i0.8769 JBS 2010; 18(0): 16-20

scholarly journals The Rcs System in Enterobacteriaceae: Envelope Stress Responses and Virulence Regulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiao Meng ◽  
Glenn Young ◽  
Jingyu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Cell Envelope ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Virulence Regulation ◽  
Bacterial Interaction ◽  
Envelope Stress

The bacterial cell envelope is a protective barrier at the frontline of bacterial interaction with the environment, and its integrity is regulated by various stress response systems. The Rcs (regulator of capsule synthesis) system, a non-orthodox two-component regulatory system (TCS) found in many members of the Enterobacteriaceae family, is one of the envelope stress response pathways. The Rcs system can sense envelope damage or defects and regulate the transcriptome to counteract stress, which is particularly important for the survival and virulence of pathogenic bacteria. In this review, we summarize the roles of the Rcs system in envelope stress responses (ESRs) and virulence regulation. We discuss the environmental and intrinsic sources of envelope stress that cause activation of the Rcs system with an emphasis on the role of RcsF in detection of envelope stress and signal transduction. Finally, the different regulation mechanisms governing the Rcs system’s control of virulence in several common pathogens are introduced. This review highlights the important role of the Rcs system in the environmental adaptation of bacteria and provides a theoretical basis for the development of new strategies for control, prevention, and treatment of bacterial infections.

scholarly journals Clinical, Demographic, and Aetiological Profile of Liver Abscess in Children Admitted at a Tertiary Care Hospital - North India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (40) ◽  
pp. 3470-3476
Author(s):  
Navya Sree Manugu ◽  
Narayana Lunavath ◽  
Ramu Pedada
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Informed Consent ◽  
Liver Abscess ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Pyogenic Liver Abscess ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Amoebic Liver Abscess ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

BACKGROUND Amoebic liver abscess is the commonest extra intestinal site of invasive amoebiasis which mainly affects infants and young children. The incidence of pyogenic liver abscess is much higher among children in developing countries than those in developed countries. Diagnosis of liver abscess can be challenging and is often delayed; a high index of suspicion is necessary in children with risk factors. Children have unique set of predisposing causes for liver abscesses. The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical, demographic, and etiological profile of liver abscess in children between 1 month to 12 years of age. METHODS This is a prospective observational study conducted in the Department of Pediatrics, Chacha Nehru Bal Chikistalaya (An Autonomous Institute under Govt. of NCT (National Capital Territory) of Delhi, affiliated to University of Delhi), Delhi from July 2016 to August 2017. All children aged 1 month to 12 years admitted with liver abscess (included consecutively) were enrolled after considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. Written and informed consent was taken from parents/guardians of children aged less than 7 years. Informed assent was taken from children aged more than 7 years, along with written and informed consent from their parents/guardians. Their clinical characteristics, radiological features and laboratory data were analysed. RESULTS Most common age group suffering from liver abscess was 5 - 10 years with male preponderance. Majority of the children belonged to lower socio-economic class and half of them were suffering from malnutrition. Most common clinical presentation of children suffering from liver abscess was fever with pain abdomen and tender hepatomegaly. Majority of the children had leucocytosis, high level of C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Deranged liver function test with coagulopathy was noted in more than half of the children suffering from liver abscess. Commonest bacterial pathogen was methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus followed by Salmonella typhi, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, coagulase negative Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus hominis. Entamoeba histolytica is a common parasitic agent causing liver abscess in children. CONCLUSIONS Liver abscess should be considered in children presenting with fever and abdominal pain. Most cases involve a single lesion on right lobe of the liver. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus followed by Salmonella typhi are the two most common pathogens. KEYWORDS Paediatric Liver Abscess, Amoebic Liver Abscess, Pyogenic Liver Abscess, Children

scholarly journals Role of Purine Biosynthesis in Persistent Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection

2018 ◽  
Vol 218 (9) ◽  
pp. 1367-1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Li ◽  
Wessam Abdelhady ◽  
Niles P Donegan ◽  
Kati Seidl ◽  
Ambrose Cheung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Purine Biosynthesis ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Aureus Infection

scholarly journals Sore Throat and Methicllin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Positive Pharyngo-Tonsillitis in a Tertiary Hospital

KYAMC Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 177-181
Author(s):  
Md Abdus Salam ◽  
Md Mahabub Alom ◽  
Md Sultan Mahmud
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Sore Throat ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Throat Swab ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

Background: Antimicrobial resistance in health care-associated pathogens is a growing concern for healthcare and for public health. In response to these concerns, medical experts, professional societies and agencies, such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP), have proposed initiatives to curtail the spread of antimicrobial resistance in pathogenic bacteria. Objectives: The purpose of the study was to observe the disease pattern and demographic characteristics of patient attending at the outpatient department of Otolaryngology in a tertiary care hospital suffering from sore throat and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) positive pharyngo-tonsillitis. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study carried out at the outpatient department of Otolaryngology in Khwaja Yunus Ali Medical College and Hospital for the period of January, 2016 to December, 2017. Data were collected based on history, clinical examinations and culture and sensitivity report of throat swab of the patients. Result: A total of 339 patients were studied of which 49.56% were male and 50.44% were female. The mean age was 30 years; maximum patient (36.28%) belongs to 21-30 years of age. Maximum patient (76%) were come from out of Sirajganj district specially North Bengal. Regarding result of throat swab of C/S 58.11% patients were MRSA positive, 26.84% patients were MRSA negative and15.04% patients has no growth. Conclusion: It is illogical to treat all sore throats with antibiotics. A large scale multi-center study should be performed in the country. A uniform data system should be constructed for Chronic Pharyngo-tonsillitis caused by Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Bangladesh. KYAMC Journal Vol. 9, No.-4, January 2019, Page 177-181

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