scholarly journals Meta-Analysis on Optimised Parameters for Energy Harvesting Thermoelectric Generators in the Human Body

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 49-63
Author(s):  
Emily Mays ◽  
Stephanie Barakat ◽  
Anna Huynh ◽  
Josephine Munro
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Seebeck Coefficient ◽  
Power Factor ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Thermoelectric Materials ◽  
Figure Of Merit ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Thermoelectric Generators ◽  
Biomedical Devices

Small-scale energy harvesting thermoelectric generators could replace bulky batteries completely when in conjunction with a supercapacitor for biomedical devices. Organic material is cost efficient, flexible and easily processed but has poor thermoelectric properties. Recent studies have investigated the combination of inorganic and organic materials for thermoelectric materials in an attempt to improve the figure of merit, Seebeck coefficient and power factor. This meta-study examines the most effective ratio of PEDOT: PSS to Bi2Te3 thermoelectric material by analysing the Seebeck coefficient, electrical and thermal conductivity, the power factor and figure of merit for varying weight-for-weight percentage of PEDOT: PSS material. This paper also assesses the viability of hybrid thermoelectric materials with a focus on the synthesis process. The parameter of the thermal gradient found in the human body was used; approximated to 32-37°C from the human body to the ambient temperature of ~300 K. It was found that the peak in electrical conductivity was between 90%―96% PEDOT: PSS material. From this the optimal ratio of PEDOT: PSS to Bi2Te3 is between 90%―96% PEDOT: PSS material since the Seebeck coefficient decrease with increase organic percentage smoothly. Overall, this study suggests the use of an organic: inorganic hybrid TEG, coupled with a supercapacitor, is a commercially viable device for a variety of implantable biomedical devices.

Investigation of Thermoelectric Materials: Substitution effect of Bi on the Ag1-xPb18MTe20 (M = Sb, Bi) (x = 0, 0.14, 0.3)

2007 ◽  
Vol 1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mi-kyung Han ◽  
Huijun Kong ◽  
Ctirad Uher ◽  
Mercouri G Kanatzidis
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Seebeck Coefficient ◽  
Thermoelectric Materials ◽  
Figure Of Merit ◽  
Lattice Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Substitution Effect ◽  
Dimensionless Figure Of Merit ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Mass Fluctuation

AbstractWe performed comparative investigations of the Ag1-xPb18MTe20 (M = Bi, Sb) (x = 0, 0.14, 0.3) system to better understand the roles of Sb and Bi on the thermoelectric properties. In both systems, the electrical conductivity nearly keeps the same values, while the Seebeck coefficient decreases dramatically in going from Sb to Bi. Compared to the lattice thermal conductivity of PbTe, that of AgPb18BiTe20 is substantially reduced. The lattice thermal conductivity of the Bi analog, however, is higher than that of AgPb18SbTe20 and this is attributed largely to the decrease in the degree of mass fluctuation between the nanostructures and the matrix (for the Bi analog). As a result the dimensionless figure of merit ZT of Ag1-xPb18MTe20 (M = Bi) is found to be smaller than that of Ag1-xPb18MTe20 (M = Sb).

scholarly journals Thermoelectric Materials for Textile Applications

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3154
Author(s):  
Kony Chatterjee ◽  
Tushar K. Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Seebeck Coefficient ◽  
Thermoelectric Materials ◽  
Figure Of Merit ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Peltier Effect ◽  
Electronic Textiles ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Recent Attention

Since prehistoric times, textiles have served an important role–providing necessary protection and comfort. Recently, the rise of electronic textiles (e-textiles) as part of the larger efforts to develop smart textiles, has paved the way for enhancing textile functionalities including sensing, energy harvesting, and active heating and cooling. Recent attention has focused on the integration of thermoelectric (TE) functionalities into textiles—making fabrics capable of either converting body heating into electricity (Seebeck effect) or conversely using electricity to provide next-to-skin heating/cooling (Peltier effect). Various TE materials have been explored, classified broadly into (i) inorganic, (ii) organic, and (iii) hybrid organic-inorganic. TE figure-of-merit (ZT) is commonly used to correlate Seebeck coefficient, electrical and thermal conductivity. For textiles, it is important to think of appropriate materials not just in terms of ZT, but also whether they are flexible, conformable, and easily processable. Commercial TEs usually compromise rigid, sometimes toxic, inorganic materials such as bismuth and lead. For textiles, organic and hybrid TE materials are more appropriate. Carbon-based TE materials have been especially attractive since graphene and carbon nanotubes have excellent transport properties with easy modifications to create TE materials with high ZT and textile compatibility. This review focuses on flexible TE materials and their integration into textiles.

Thermoelectric Generators of Sequentially Deposited Si/Si+Ge Nano-layered Superlattices

2009 ◽  
Vol 1181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cydale Smith ◽  
Marcus Pugh ◽  
Hervie Martin ◽  
Rufus Durel Hill ◽  
Brittany James ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Seebeck Coefficient ◽  
Thermoelectric Materials ◽  
Figure Of Merit ◽  
Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Absolute Temperature ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
The Cross

AbstractEffective thermoelectric materials have a low thermal conductivity and a high electrical conductivity. The performance of the thermoelectric materials and devices is shown by a dimensionless figure of merit, ZT = S2sσ/ KTC, σ is the electrical conductivity T/KTC, where S is the Seebeck coefficient, T is the absolute temperature and KTC is the thermal conductivity. In this study we have prepared the thermoelectric generator device of Si/Si+Ge multi-layer superlattice films using the ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD). To determine the stoichiometry of the elements of Si and Ge in the grown multilayer films and the thickness of the grown multi-layer films Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) and RUMP simulation software package were used. The 5 MeV Si ion bombardments were performed to make quantum clusters in the multi-layer superlattice thin films to decrease the cross plane thermal conductivity, increase the cross plane Seebeck coefficient and cross plane electrical conductivity.Keywords: Ion bombardment, thermoelectric properties, multi-nanolayers, Figure of merit.

Doping Studies of n-Type CsBi4Te6 Thermoelectric Materials

2000 ◽  
Vol 626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa A. Lane ◽  
John R. Ireland ◽  
Paul W. Brazis ◽  
Theodora Kyratsi ◽  
Duck-Young Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Factor ◽  
Thermoelectric Materials ◽  
Figure Of Merit ◽  
Doping Concentration ◽  
High Figure ◽  
P Type ◽  
Optimum Doping Concentration

ABSTRACTWe have previously reported the successful p-type doping of CsBi4Te6 which had a high figure of merit at temperatures below 300 K. In this study, several dopants were explored to make n-type CsBi4Te6. A program of measurements was performed to identify the optimum doping concentration for several series of dopants. The highest power factors occurred around 125 K for the 0.5% Sn doped CsBi4Te6 sample which had a power factor of 21.9 μW/cm•K2 and 1.0% Te doped CsBi4Te6 which had a power factor of 21.7 μW/cm•K2.

In Vivo Energy Harvesting Using Cardiomyocytes for Implantable Medical Devices

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Amin Karami
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Cardiac Muscle ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Implantable Devices ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Resistive Load ◽  
Biomedical Devices ◽  
Cardiac Muscle Cells ◽  
Implantable Biomedical Devices

One major problem of implantable biomedical devices is the source of their power. Batteries, as the main source of current implantable devices, deplete after a few years and either the battery or the whole device needs to be replaced. Usually, this procedure involves a new surgery which is costly and could cause some risks for the patient. In this paper, we study the energy harvesting at small scale for powering implantable biomedical devices. The device consists of a layer of cultured cardiac muscle cells (cardiomyocytes) and a layer of piezoelectric polymer polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). The cardiac muscle cells with the desired thickness are grown over the PVDF layer and as the cardiac cells contract the piezoelectric layer deforms and produces electricity. The proposed device uses both piezoelectric and flexoelectric effects of the PVDF layer. At the smaller thicknesses the flexoelectric effect becomes dominant. The amount of power is on the order of multiple microwatts and is sufficient to power variety of sensors and implantable devices in the body. Unlike the battery technology, the proposed energy harvester is autonomous and lasts for the lifetime of patients. In this article, we explain the configuration of the proposed energy harvester, the natural frequency of the device is calculated, the power output is optimized with respect to the thickness of the PVDF, and a resistance sweep is performed to find the optimized resistive load.

New Conjugated Polymers Derived from Carbazole as Thermoelectric Materials

2005 ◽  
Vol 871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Lévesque ◽  
Xing Gao ◽  
Christopher I. Ratcliffe ◽  
Dennis D. Klug ◽  
John S. Tse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Band Structure ◽  
Seebeck Coefficient ◽  
Conjugated Polymers ◽  
Power Factor ◽  
Thermoelectric Materials ◽  
Doping Level ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Polymer Structure ◽  
Band Structure Calculations ◽  
Structure Calculations

AbstractNovel poly(3,6-hexyl-2,7-N-octylcarbazole) derivatives and poly(diindolocarbazole)s were synthesized. Optical, electrochemical, electrical and thermoelectric properties were investigated. Band structure calculations were used to predict which polymers were promising as thermoelectric materials. The best combination of Seebeck coefficient and conductivity (power factor) was 9,4 x10-8 Wm-1K-2 with a copolymer of carbazole and thiophene. This corresponds to a ZT at room temperature of 0.0003. Optimization of the polymer structure and doping level should lead to an increased ZT.

Optimization of Thermoelectric Properties of Ni-Cu based Alloy through Combinatorial Approach

2007 ◽  
Vol 1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Yamamoto ◽  
Haruhiko Obara ◽  
Kazuo Ueno
Keyword(s):  
Seebeck Coefficient ◽  
Thermoelectric Properties ◽  
Power Factor ◽  
Figure Of Merit ◽  
Combinatorial Library ◽  
Parallel Synthesis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Material System ◽  
Combinatorial Approach ◽  
Large Power

AbstractThe thermoelectric properties of Ni1-xCux (0<x<1) alloy are measured from 323K to 950K. The sample with optimized composition, Ni70Cu30 is found to possess large power factor value of 0.012 Wm−1K−2 at around 950K. Estimated figure of merit value ZT is 0.21 for Ni50Cu50 and 0.18 for Ni70Cu30 at the same temperature. A novel attempt of high-throughput parallel synthesis using multiple-wells is carried out to test the feasibility of combinatorial approach in this material system. The Seebeck coefficient is visualized over the multiple-wells combinatorial library and the other Ni-Cu composition-spread, and it is proved that further enhancement of throughput could be possible by conducting systematic experiments based on the combinatorial approaches performed in this study.

Lanthanide Based Ternary Intermetallics as Advanced Thermoelectric Materials

2006 ◽  
Vol 980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Kurosaki ◽  
Takeyuki Sekimoto ◽  
Kenta Kawano ◽  
Hiroaki Muta ◽  
Shinsuke Yamanaka
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Seebeck Coefficient ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Thermoelectric Properties ◽  
Power Factor ◽  
Thermoelectric Materials ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Type Structure ◽  
Large Power

AbstractPolycrystalline ingots of the lanthanide based ternary intermetallics: LaNiSb, GdNiSb, ErNiSb and ErPdSb were prepared and characterized. The thermoelectric properties of ErNiSb and ErPdSb were measured at high temperatures. We succeeded in preparing the single phase ingots of ErNiSb and ErPdSb, while the ingots of LaNiSb and GdNiSb contain appreciable quantities of the impurity phases. ErNiSb and ErPdSb crystallize the MgAgAs-type structure (half-Heusler structure). ErNiSb and ErPdSb indicate positive values of the Seebeck coefficient. The values at room temperature are 36 and 240 micro VK-1 for ErNiSb and ErPdSb, respectively. The electrical resistivity of ErNiSb and ErPdSb decreases with temperature, indicating semiconductor-like behavior. ErPdSb exhibits a relatively large power factor 1.5x10-3 Wm-1K-2 at around 700 K, which is approximately two times larger than that of ErNiSb.

scholarly journals Cu-Ni-Based Alloys from Nanopowders as Potent Thermoelectric Materials for High-Power Output Applications

Alloys ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
Mario Wolf ◽  
Jan Flormann ◽  
Timon Steinhoff ◽  
Gregory Gerstein ◽  
Florian Nürnberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Factor ◽  
High Power ◽  
Thermoelectric Materials ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Figure Of Merit ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Melting Process ◽  
High Power Factor ◽  
Pure Cu

A new approach for the development of thermoelectric materials, which focuses on a high-power factor instead of a large figure of merit zT, has drawn attention in recent years. In this context, the thermoelectric properties of Cu-Ni-based alloys with a very high electrical conductivity, a moderate Seebeck coefficient, and therefore a high power factor are presented as promising low-cost alternative materials for applications aiming to have a high electrical power output. The Cu-Ni-based alloys are prepared via an arc melting process of metallic nanopowders. The heavy elements tin and tungsten are chosen for alloying to further improve the power factor while simultaneously reducing the high thermal conductivity of the resulting metal alloy, which also has a positive effect on the zT value. Overall, the samples prepared with low amounts of Sn and W show an increase in the power factor and figure of merit zT compared to the pure Cu-Ni alloy. These results demonstrate the potential of these often overlooked metal alloys and the utilization of nanopowders for thermoelectric energy conversion.

scholarly journals Screening of Different Carbon Nanotubes in Melt-Mixed Polymer Composites with Different Polymer Matrices for Their Thermoelectrical Properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beate Krause ◽  
Carine Barbier ◽  
Juhasz Levente ◽  
Maxim Klaus ◽  
Petra Pötschke
Keyword(s):  
Seebeck Coefficient ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Power Factor ◽  
Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Polyamide 66 ◽  
Direct Production ◽  
Seebeck Coefficients ◽  
P Type ◽  
Walled Cnts

The aim of this study is to reveal the influences of carbon nanotube (CNT) and polymer type as well as CNT content on electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient (S), and the resulting power factor (PF) and figure of merit (ZT). Different commercially available and laboratory made CNTs were used to prepare melt-mixed composites on a small scale. CNTs typically lead to p-type composites with positive S-values. This was found for the two types of multi-walled CNTs (MWCNT) whereby higher Seebeck coefficient in the corresponding buckypapers resulted in higher values also in the composites. Nitrogen doped MWCNTs resulted in negative S-values in the buckypapers as well as in the polymer composites. When using single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) with a positive S-value in the buckypapers, positive (polypropylene (PP), polycarbonate (PC), poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), and poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT)) or negative (polyamide 66 (PA66), polyamide 6 (PA6), partially aromatic polyamide (PARA), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)) S-values were obtained depending on the matrix polymer and SWCNT type. The study shows that the direct production of n-type melt-mixed polymer composites from p-type commercial SWCNTs with relatively high Seebeck coefficients is possible. The highest Seebeck coefficients obtained in this study were 66.4 µV/K (PBT/7 wt % SWCNT Tuball) and −57.1 µV/K (ABS/0.5 wt % SWCNT Tuball) for p- and n-type composites, respectively. The highest power factor and ZT of 0.28 µW/m·K2 and 3.1 × 10−4, respectively, were achieved in PBT with 4 wt % SWCNT Tuball.

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