scholarly journals URDU: عالمی امن اور معاہدات کی نوعیت و جہات کا فکری جائزہ : اسلامی تعلیمات کی روشنی میں

rahatulquloob ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Dr. Munazza Hayat
Keyword(s):  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Religious Violence ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The World ◽  
Welfare Society ◽  
New Nation ◽  
Society Today ◽  
Different Parts

Allah Almighty has given freedom to every human being so everyone is free. When freedom of an individual strikes another person's freedom, this collision causes atrocity in the society. To protect the person and a nation, from this tragedy, the law comes into force to keep peace. This law is called contract. Islam has stressed upon the agreement both essentially in terms of moral and legal to be followed. So, if we want relations between Muslims and Non-Muslims this principle be followed. Keeping the contract is imperative on both sides (Muslims & Non –Muslims). The Holy Prophet did not allow anyone to create such an impression from their individual behavior that the enemy feels that they did not act upon the contract. Apart from this, if the Islamic State does not have any danger from the other side, the Islamic state will prefer peace. In our modern times religious violence has become one of the reasons of exploitation in different parts of the world. On the occasion of the establishment of a new nation, Prophet (SAW) showed that the bondage of these boundaries is as important as the acceptance of the religion. For peace, other religious groups must enjoy religious freedom. On this basis, Islam established a welfare society. Today, it is imperative that these boundaries should be followed.

The Politics and Effects of Religious Grievance

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Muchlinski
Keyword(s):  
Political Violence ◽  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Group Identity ◽  
Religious Violence ◽  
Social Stability ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
The World ◽  
Common Group ◽  
Religious Resources

Despite international guarantees to respect religious freedom, governments around the world often impose substantial restrictions on the abilities of some religious groups to openly practice their faith. These regulations on religious freedom are often justified to promote social stability. However, research has demonstrated a positive correlation between restrictions on religious freedom and religious violence. This violence is often thought to be a result of grievances arising from the denial of a religious group’s right to openly practice its faith. These grievances encourage violence by (a) encouraging a sense of common group identity, (b) encouraging feelings of hostility toward groups imposing those regulations, and (c) facilitating the mobilization of religious resources for political violence.

scholarly journals A COMPARATIVE CLINICAL EFFICACY STUDY OF TRIPHALA KWATH AND TRIKATU CAPSULES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF MEDOROGA W.S.R TO DYSLIPIDEMIA

AYUSHDHARA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjli Sharma ◽  
Anjana Mishra ◽  
Manik Soni ◽  
Vijay Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Trial Period ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Group I ◽  
The World ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Excessive Accumulation

Medoroga is a condition in which there is an excessive accumulation of Meda Dhatu in the body. Accumulation of Medo Dhatu in different parts of the body causes blockage of Strotsa which ultimately leads to poor nourishment of other Dhathus. Lack of exercises and Kaphavardhak Ahar Viharar are the two main causes of Medoroga. In modern times, way of life has changed drastically to quick nourishments and inactive tendencies throughout the world. Because of these factors, accumulation of Meda dhatu happens immensely. In Ayurveda, dyslipidemia is considered under Medoroga. Dyslipidemia is an emerging serious health abnormality associated with co-morbidities including CVD that continues to be the leading cause of death worldwide. It is characterized by an increase in cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL levels, and a decrease in HDL levels. The present study has been designed to compare the efficacy of Triphala Kwath and Trikatu capsules on various clinical parameters in the management of Medoroga w.s.r to dyslipidemia. Twenty patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were randomly selected for the trial and put into two groups of ten patients each. Trikatu capsules were given to patients in group I and Triphla kwath with Madhu and Trikatu capsules in combination were given to patients of group II for 8 weeks. Patients were thoroughly assessed on various scientific parameters during the complete trial period. In group II, a significant (p<0.001) improvement was observed in subjective parameters and serum cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, VLDL levels while in group I, a significant (p<0.001) improvement was observed in HDL only. It may affirmatively be construed from the study that the best impact of the trial drugs was observed with Triphala Kwatha with Madhu and Trikatu Capsule together (i.e. Group II). This combination therapy was most effective in reducing the overall lipid profile with substantial gains related to subjective as well as objective parameters without any adverse effects.

“The World Forgot Us and Europe Doesn’t Want Us”

2020 ◽  
pp. 215-238
Author(s):  
Thomas Schmidinger
Keyword(s):  
Living Conditions ◽  
Military Force ◽  
Internally Displaced Persons ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Religious Minorities ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

When the so-called “Islamic State” (IS) attacked Iraq’s Nineveh Governorate, the region’s religious minorities became victims of genocide and displacement. This chapter focuses on the region of Sinjar (Kurdish: Şingal) and the displacement of the Yazidi (Kurdish: Êzîdî) along with other religious minorities living there. The displacement of these groups directly resulted from their vulnerability as religious minorities. IS targeted them as religious minorities, and their current problems as internally displaced persons (IDPs) also resulted from their status as relatively small communities without a historically strong political lobby or military force. This chapter analyzes the living conditions and political framework in which these IDPs and refugees must survive and presents their personal perspectives from inside and outside of Iraq. Interviews were centered on the following questions: What conditions prevent Yazidi, Christians, and other groups from returning to Sinjar? What are their perspectives on building a future in the region? What would they need in order to return and rebuild their homes? And how do the displaced adherents of the different religious groups interpret the 2014 genocide within a longer history of perceived genocidal acts against religious minorities in the area?

Grievances and Opportunities: Religious Violence across Political Regimes

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 684-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Muchlinski
Keyword(s):  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Conventional Wisdom ◽  
Religious Violence ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
National Data ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
The Status ◽  
Religious Actors ◽  
Cross National

AbstractStudies of religious violence have established that when states restrict religious freedom, the probability of religious violence increases. Conventional wisdom holds that religious violence is primarily a result of religious grievances. When religious groups are denied religious freedom, they seek to revise the status quo in their favor though the use of violence. This study challenges this narrative. It finds, rather than being caused only by grievances, religious violence is also fueled by moments of opportunity. Utilizing cross-national data for the years 2008 and 2001–2005, it is found that religious violence occurs most frequently in anocratic regimes marked by weak and decaying state institutions. Hence, the current narrative is incomplete. Studies analyzing religious violence need to consider how various regimes provide or stifle the opportunity for religious actors to engage in violence as well as how those regimes fuel religious violence through restricting religious freedom and increasing religious grievances.

scholarly journals III. On the annual variation of the magnetic declination

1874 ◽  
Vol 22 (148-155) ◽  
pp. 254-258
Keyword(s):  
Annual Variation ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Magnetic Declination ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Magnetic Needle ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Made In

The first observations which seemed to show that the mean position of the declination-needle followed an annual law were those of Cassini, made, more than eighty years ago, in the hall of the Paris Observatory and in the caves below it (90 feet under ground). It cannot be said, however, that Cassini’s result has been confirmed by subsequent observations, either as regards the direction or amounts of movement from month to month. The extensive series of observations made in different parts of the world in modern times have given results so different that we must conclude either that the magnetic needle obeys different annual laws at each place, or that the differences are due to instrumental errors. The consequence has been that, after long, laborious, and expensive researches, it is still a question whether the magnetic needle obeys an annual law or not.

scholarly journals Persecution and Martyrdom: Global Debates and Christian Responses

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
M. CHRISTIAN GREEN
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
Religious Freedom ◽  
The United States ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Religious Persecution ◽  
The World

The Article Examines Religious Persecution, In The United States And Abroad, Through The Lens Of An Extreme Result Of Persecution: Martyrdom. It Examines Maximal And Minimal Definitions Of Martyrdom And Recent Claims And Instances Of Martyrdom, Both In United States Law And Political Culture And Against Christian And Other Religious Groups Around The World. The Article Concludes With Some Principles From Which To Discern An Ethic Of Martyrdom And Claims Of Martyrdom, Recommending Especially Attention To The Role Of The Martyr As Witness. KEYWORDS: Religious Persecution, Martyrdom, Law And Religion, Human Rights, Religious Freedom, Ethics, Witness

scholarly journals Eko-Spiritualisme: Sebuah Keniscayaan pada Era Kontemporer

Humaniora ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1237
Author(s):  
Frederikus Fios
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Community Awareness ◽  
The World ◽  
Technical Functions ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Society Today ◽  
Different Parts

This paper provides a new perspective of looking at our natural environment with a spiritual perspective. The main argument of this paper was inspired by the emergence of the reality of our natural environment is increasingly damaged by the implications of a variety of viewpoints, attitudes and human behavior are destructive and counterproductive. The influences of modern science and philosophy have reduced logical meaning of the universe solely on technical functions-economical to fulfill the needs of humans (anthropocentric). In effect, we are witnessing the natural environment is being weakened only in different parts of the world. So this paper is an effort to return to the community awareness of the contemporary world that still cares for the future of our natural environment better. This paper provides an alternative framework as well as a new optimism for our natural environment lasting and sustainable return by optimizing intrinsic qualities inherent in every human being as a spiritual being. Then become eco-spiritual as a necessity for our contemporary world society today. 

The Islamic State in the Maghreb

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zacharias P. Pieri
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Boko Haram ◽  
The World ◽  
Beach Resort ◽  
Foreign Fighters ◽  
Different Parts

On June 29, 2014, The Islamic State (IS), also known as the Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham (ISIS), Islamic State of Iraq and the Islamic Levant (ISIL), and Daesh, proclaimed the establishment of a caliphate in areas straddling Iraq and Syria. IS is a Sunni Muslim jihadist movement that was under the leadership of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi until his killing in 2019, and it is driven by a vision to unite all Muslims under its caliphate, which was grounded in Syria. IS was, for a period, the most robust and adept insurgent force in Syria and Iraq, and by 2015, it controlled a landmass and population larger than that of many existing states. At the height of its power, it included a vast coastline in Libya, a portion of Nigeria’s northeast where affiliated Boko Haram declared an Islamic territory, and a city in the Philippines. Beyond this, IS was able to establish franchises in different parts of the world including North Africa and the Sahel. Leaders of IS called on Muslims from across the world to leave their homes, and to travel to the so-called caliphate to take up residency there as jihadists and citizens of a proto-state. Those that could not physically join were encouraged to participate online, and others were instructed by Sheikh Abu Muhammad al-Adnani, the IS’s chief spokesman, to find an infidel and smash his head with a rock. IS, from its inception, has looked to the Maghreb and the Sahel as strategic geographic areas for the expansion of its ideology, incorporation of territory into its caliphate, and for operational purposes. It is clear that the notion of an Islamic state was popular for a segment of the population in the Maghreb, with many leaving the countries of Libya, Tunisia, Morocco, and beyond to join, train, and fight with IS in Syria and Iraq. Tunisia had the highest number of IS foreign fighters, estimated at approximately 6,000; Morocco had 1,200; Libya and Egypt had 600; and Algeria had 170. Returning fighters are destabilizing North Africa. Libya was an early focus of IS due in part to the fall of the Gadhafi regime in 2011, and the ensuing political chaos, which caused a weak and fragile state. Libya served as the first addition to the territories of IS’s caliphate outside Syria and Iraq. Tunisia faced several large-scale attacks linked to IS activities in the country. In 2015 a number of terrorist attacks were carried out, including the massacre of 38 tourists at a beach resort in Sousse, the bombing of a bus containing presidential guards in Tunis, and an attack on the Bardo museum in Tunis. Algeria has had to monitor the country’s borders to prevent the entry of jihadists affiliated with IS who operate in neighboring countries. At the time of writing, concerns were being raised about different franchises of IS that are seeking to better integrate and to take advantage of insecurity in the Sahel, especially around the borders of Mali, Burkina Faso, and into Niger and Nigeria.

scholarly journals Brazil’s distinct brand of religious liberty: an example to the world, not without its challenges

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (71) ◽  
pp. 13-54
Author(s):  
Alexander Curtis Alton
Keyword(s):  
Religious Freedom ◽  
The United States ◽  
Religious Liberty ◽  
Grassroots Organizations ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Brazilian Government ◽  
Religious Intolerance ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
International Conventions

Brazilian scholars, politicians, legal practitioners, and judges consistently refer to Brazil as a lay state, suggesting a type of secularism similar to French laïcité. However, in practice, the interaction between government, religion, and society in Brazil more closely resembles religious freedom in the United States. Among the twenty-six most populous countries, Brazil has the lowest governmental restrictions on religious freedom. The Brazilian government protects religious liberty through extensive constitutional and statutory provisions, as well as numerous international conventions. Notwithstanding these governmental protections, the country has recently experienced a dramatic increase in social hostilities directed toward people of faith. Thus, while Brazil is an example to the world with regard to minimal governmental restrictions on religious liberty, both the government and Brazilian citizens must find ways to minimize social hostilities and religious intolerance. This paper compares religious liberty in Brazil to French laïcité and U.S. religious freedom, explores governmental protections of religion in Brazil, exposes the growth of social hostilities towards religious groups in Brazil, highlights the work of government and grassroots organizations to turn back this rising tide of religious intolerance, and offers several suggestions on how the Brazilian government might further decrease social hostilities.  

Civil society at the turn of the millenium: prospects for an alternative world order

1999 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT W. COX
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
World Order ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Private Interests ◽  
The World ◽  
Society Today ◽  
Different Parts

The meaning of ‘civil society’ has evolved considerably since its use in the context of the 18th century European Enlightenment. Then it signified the realm of private interests, in practice the realm of the bourgeoisie, distinct from the state. While one current of thought retains that meaning and its implications, others view civil society rather as the emancipatory activity of social forces distinct from both state and capital. Antonio Gramsci's thought embraced both meanings: civil society was the ground that sustained the hegemony of the bourgeoisie but also that on which an emancipatory counterhegemony could be constructed. Is civil society today in the latter sense, a surrogate for revolution that seems a remote possibility towards the attainment of an alternative social and world order? It is useful to test this proposition by examining the potential for civil society in different parts of the world.

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