scholarly journals Elemental composition of forest litters of cod-podzolic soils in trial areas of forest experimental dacha

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (44) ◽  
pp. 25-25
Author(s):  
Alexander Saakian ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Pine Forest ◽  
Transition Elements ◽  
Organic Part ◽  
Podzolic Soils ◽  
Hygroscopic Moisture ◽  
Weight Method

The object to study iselemental composition of lime and pine forests litter of mixed grasses. In average samples, ground up and sieved through a sieve with adiameter of 0.25 mm, we determined the following: the hygroscopic moisture by drying in a desiccator above P2O5, the ash content by weight method, C, H, N content on a CHNS –vario Microcube automatic analyzer, the elemental composition by X-ray fluorescence method on the ReSPECTanalyzer of substance composition.Compared to lime forest litter, the organic part of pine forest one contains more aromatic, depleted in nitrogen-containing groups and oxidized compounds. The ash content of lime forest litter is 11.46%, pine forest litter - 7.19%. The chemical composition of the litter mineral part is formed by two groups of elements: macroelements (Ca, Si, Al, Fe, Mn, Mg, K, P, S, Na, Cl), which content varies from 0.02-0.03 to 2.36-3.07 % and microelements (Zn, Cr, Sr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Rb, As, Hg) contained in amounts from 0.24-0.39 to 151-199 μg / g. In the lime and pine forest litter in forest experimental dacha, Ca and Si absolutely prevail, which account for more than 70% in totalsum of the macroelements. Zn, Cr, Sr account for 74% in the total microelementsin pine forest litter and for 82% in lime forest one. Moreover, the total mineral elements content in the lime forest litter is higher except for Ni, Pb and Mn. The data obtained can be used for environmental monitoring. Keywords: FOREST LITTER, LIME FOREST, PINEFOREST, ORGANOGEN ELEMENTS, MACROELEMENTS, MICROELEMENTS, TRANSITION ELEMENTS

Input, accumulation, and residence times of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in four Rocky Mountain coniferous forests

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindy E. Prescott ◽  
John P. Corbin ◽  
Dennis Parkinson
Keyword(s):  
Forest Floor ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Pine Forest ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Residence Times ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Species Composition Of Vegetation ◽  
Forest Floors

Annual aboveground litterfall in forests of Pinuscontorta Loud., Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss, Piceaengelmannii Parry ex Engelm., and Abieslasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. in southwestern Alberta ranged from 286 to 321 g•m−2•year−1. The mass of litter accumulated on the forest floors ranged from 6.3 to 11.0 kg•m−2. Residence times of organic matter in the forest floor were 11 years in a 90-year-old P. contorta stand, 16 years in a 120-year-old P. glauca–P. contorta stand, and 23 years in a 350-year-old P. engelmannii–A. lasiocarpa stand. Residence times of litter in the L layer of the forest floor were longer in a recently clearcut area than in the older forests. Residence times of individual nutrients in the forest floors were in the order N > P > C. Litter in the pine forest had lower concentrations of both N and P than did litter in the spruce–pine forest; litter in the spruce–fir forest had relatively high N and low P concentrations. Differences in nutrient concentrations of litter among sites reflected differences in the nutrient-use efficiency of the vegetation, suggesting that the species composition of vegetation is important in determining availability of nutrients in the floor of these forests.

scholarly journals Appropriate Removal of Forest Litter is Beneficial to Pinus tabuliformis Carr. Regeneration in a Pine and Oak Mixed Forest in the Qinling Mountains, China

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 735
Author(s):  
Xueying Huo ◽  
Dexiang Wang ◽  
Deye Bing ◽  
Yuanze Li ◽  
Haibin Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Pine Forest ◽  
Qinling Mountains ◽  
Mixed Forests ◽  
Pinus Tabuliformis ◽  
Plant Ash

Research Highlights: Natural regeneration is important in pine–oak mixed forests (Pinus armandii Franch., Pinus tabuliformis Carr., and Quercus aliena Bl. var. acuteserrata Maxim.ex Wenz.), but allelopathy as a limiting factor has not been studied. Our research provides insights into allelopathy in pine–oak mixed forest litter. Background and Objectives: Allelopathy among tree species occupying the same ecological niche in mixed forests may adversely affect regeneration. We studied allelopathy in pine and oak forest litter to determine the effect on regeneration, whether it is offset by adding activated carbon or plant ash, and what allelopathic substances are present. Materials and Methods: We used laboratory seed culture and field seeding to determine pine and oak litter regeneration effects on P. tabuliformis and P. armandii in the Qinling Mountains, China. In the laboratory, we irrigated seeds with three different litter concentrations. A fourth treatment incorporated activated carbon. The field study established small quadrats in mixed forest to study how removing or retaining litter and spreading plant ash affected sown seeds. High performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry was used to compare differences in chemical substances in extracts with and without activated carbon. Results: Litter extracts significantly affected germination rates in both species. Seedling morphological and physiological indexes showed that litter extracts negatively affected growth in both species, but activated carbon alleviated this inhibitory effect on P. armandii. Forest stand and litter did not affect P. armandii seed germination. Pinus tabuliformis germination rates were significantly higher in plots with removed litter than when litter was retained or plant ash spread, and lower in oak than pine forest. Allelopathic substances detected in pine forest were trioctyl trimellitate, amyloid β-Peptide 10–20, and triisobutyl phosphate, potentially affecting P. armandii seed germination and growth. Conclusions: Appropriate removal of litter in mixed forests can improve the natural regeneration ability of P. tabuliformis.

Review: Nutrient loading of developing seeds

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Hao Zhang ◽  
Yuchan Zhou ◽  
Katherine E. Dibley ◽  
Stephen D. Tyerman ◽  
Robert T. Furbank ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Development ◽  
Nutrient Loading ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Calcium Signalling ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Transition Elements ◽  
Species Dominance ◽  
Developing Seeds ◽  
Plant Reproductive Success ◽  
Symplasmic Domain

Interest in nutrient loading of seeds is fuelled by its central importance to plant reproductive success and human nutrition. Rates of nutrient loading, imported through the phloem, are regulated by transport and transfer processes located in sources (leaves, stems, reproductive structures), phloem pathway and seed sinks. During the early phases of seed development, most control is likely to be imposed by a low conductive pathway of differentiating phloem cells serving developing seeds. Following the onset of storage product accumulation by seeds, and, depending on nutrient species, dominance of path control gives way to regulation by processes located in sources (nitrogen, sulfur, minor minerals), phloem path (transition elements) or seed sinks (sugars and major mineral elements, such as potassium). Nutrients and accompanying water are imported into maternal seed tissues and unloaded from the conducting sieve elements into an extensive post-phloem symplasmic domain. Nutrients are released from this symplasmic domain into the seed apoplasm by poorly understood membrane transport mechanisms. As seed development progresses, increasing volumes of imported phloem water are recycled back to the parent plant by process(es) yet to be discovered. However, aquaporins concentrated in vascular and surrounding parenchyma cells of legume seed coats could provide a gated pathway of water movement in these tissues. Filial cells, abutting the maternal tissues, take up nutrients from the seed apoplasm by membrane proteins that include sucrose and amino acid/H+ symporters functioning in parallel with non-selective cation channels. Filial demand for nutrients, that comprise the major osmotic species, is integrated with their release and phloem import by a turgor-homeostat mechanism located in maternal seed tissues. It is speculated that turgors of maternal unloading cells are sensed by the cytoskeleton and transduced by calcium signalling cascades.

scholarly journals Inorganic Elemental Composition of Wood of Ficus Religiosa L. (Peepal)

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 74-77
Author(s):  
Roshani M. Shrestha ◽  
Deependra S. Dhami
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Inorganic Elements ◽  
Ficus Religiosa ◽  
Elemental Compositions ◽  
Aas Method ◽  
High Concentrations

The total ash content and inorganic elemental compositions of the wood of Ficus religiosa L. from Nepal had been studied. The percentage of total ash content were found highest in comparison to other Ficus species. Different eight inorganic elements were detected from wet ash analysis by atomic absorption spectroscopic ( AAS) method. The remarkably high concentrations of K, Ca and Mg were also reported.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v27i1.6664 J. Nepal Chem. Soc., Vol. 27, 2011 74-77 

scholarly journals Features of the structure of forest soils in spruce stands of Udmurtia

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (45) ◽  
pp. 13-13
Author(s):  
Alexander Saakian ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
The State ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
Podzolic Soils ◽  
Chemical Indicators ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Udmurt Republic ◽  
The Republic

The article presents the data of studies of the state of forest soils under spruce stands. The research was carried out on the territory of the Udmurt Republic in the most common types of forest – spruce forests. To assess the soil horizons, soil sections were laid, chemical analysis of the soil was carried out, by determining the main indicators, such an important element of forest soils as forest litter was analyzed. It was revealed that the dark coniferous forests of the republic were formed on sod-podzolic soils. These soils are characterized by an acidic reaction of the soil solution and a low content of basic nutrients. In the context of the development of transport infrastructure, a high content of potassium (225 mg/kg or more) is observed due to the use of KCl as an anti-icing reagent. Soil acidity varies from highly acidic (3.9 pH) to acidic (4.9 pH), due to the influence of coniferous plants. In turn, this can negatively affect the state of the spruce stands. Keywords: SPRUCE STANDS, SOILS, SOIL HORIZONS, FOREST LITTER, CHEMICAL INDICATORS OF SOILS

scholarly journals Impact of surface contamination on elemental composition of Sanguinea (Pall.) leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 00105
Author(s):  
Valentina A. Sagaradze ◽  
Elena Y. Babaeva ◽  
Yulia V. Zagurskaya ◽  
Tatyana I. Siromlya
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Surface Contamination ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Fine Dust ◽  
Visual Condition ◽  
The Impact

The leaves of C. sanguinea Pall. have the potential to accumulate dust on the surface. As the fine dust particles contain various chemical elements (ChEs), we studied the ChE composition in the leaves with different degrees of dust contamination to assess the impact on assay results. The samples of C. sanguinea leaves collected in the Kemerovo region (Russia) were divided into two groups based on the visual condition of plant material: clean leaves and dust contaminated leaves. The total ash assay revealed higher ash content, exceeding pharmacopoeial standards in the dust contaminated group. Dust contaminated leaf samples demonstrated significantly higher concentrations of many ChE: Si, Fe, Al, Na, Ti, Ni, Zr, Cr, V, Pb, La, Ga, Y, Sc and Yb comparing to non-contaminated plant material. The values of potentially hazardous ChEs were significantly lower than the maximum levels specified for medicinal raw materials in all studied samples.

scholarly journals THE CHANGES OF CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF PEAT-FORMING PLANTS DURING DECOMPOSITION PRO-CESSES ON KARST-SUFFUSION MIRES OF THE MIDDLE-RUSSIAN UPLAND

2020 ◽  
pp. 283-292
Author(s):  
Elena Mikhaylovna Volkova ◽  
Ol'ga Ivanovna Boykova ◽  
Nikolay Viktorovich Khlytin
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Sphagnum Mosses ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Peat Deposits ◽  
Plant Remains ◽  
Chemical Composition Of Plants ◽  
Weight Method ◽  
Microscopy Method

The variety of biosphere functions of mire ecosystems is associated with the intensity of vertical growth of peat deposits, which is correlated with the rate of decomposition of plant remains. This process depends on the complex of ecological conditions and accompanies by changes in the chemical composition of plants. For studying of dynamics of the chemical parameters of the main peat-forming plants on the model karst-suffusion mire, an experiment was conducted with the laying of plant material in the peat. Plant samples were placed in peat to a depth of 5–7 cm in different parts of the mire, which is corresponded to the original place of species growing. After 1 and 2 years, the samples were removed from the peat and elemental analysis was carried out on the CHN-analyzer Carlo Erba 1100, ash content was determined by weight method and the degree of decomposition of plant remains was done by microscopy method. The results shows, that during the 2-year experiment the degree of decomposition of plants remains was changed by different ways. The herbs are least resistant for decomposition in the peat, but sphagnum mosses are the most resistant. The process of decomposition of plant remains is accompanied by a decreasing of ash content in vascular plants and increasing in sphagnum mosses, which is associated with their ability to accumulate surface runoff substances and atmospheric dust. During the transformation of plant material the content of carbon and nitrogen are changing. The C/N ratio indicates an uneven proportion of carbon and nitrogen at different stages of decomposition in different plant species, which correlates with the degree of decomposition.

scholarly journals Effect of processing method on proximate, minerals, phytochemcals and anti-nutrients present in Baobab seeds (Adansonia digitata)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 001-010
Author(s):  
John Olarenwaju Babalola ◽  
David Ademola Adesina ◽  
Opeyemi Olaitan Alabi ◽  
Mutiat Rofiat Adepoju ◽  
Yemisi Olaitan Bamisaiye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Processing Method ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
Useful Plants ◽  
Adansonia Digitata ◽  
Weaning Food

Baobab (Adansonia digitata) is a deciduous tree with many useful plants. The objective of this work was to determine the effect of processing methods on proximate, mineral composition, phytochemical and anti-nutrient of control, boiled, roasted and fermented samples of baobab seeds. The result showed that the protein content of the seeds of different process ranged from (32.87%) roasted to (32.13%) control sample. The fat content ranges from (30.97%) roasted to (29.77%) boiled seeds. The ash content ranges from (0.60%) boiled to (0.57%) fermented. The moisture content ranges from (9.03%) boiled to (8.53%) control sample. The carbohydrate content ranges from (29.93%) boiled to (26.73%) roasted seeds respectively. While the mineral composition of the seeds measure in (mg/100g) ranges from: Ca (188.33) fermented to (173.33) boiled, Fe ranges from (12.87) fermented to (11.73) boiled, Na ranges from (446.67) fermented to (416.67) boiled, Mg ranges from (55.00) fermented to (46.67) boiled, K ranges from (43.33) fermented to (33.33) boiled, Cu ranges from (0.83) fermented to (0.60) boiled seeds respectively. While the phytochemicals and antinutrient factors of the seeds measured in (mg/100g) ranges from: Alkaloids ranges from (30.00) control sample to (20.00) fermented, Flavonoids ranges from (61.67) fermented to (48.33) boiled, Steroids ranges from (20.00) fermented to (15.00) control sample, Tannins ranges from (140.00) roasted to (128.33) boiled , Saponins ranges from (45.00) control sample to (33.33) fermented, Protease Inhibitors ranges from (0.83) control sample to (0.40) fermented seeds respectively. The baobab seeds are a very proteinous with high mineral composition. Therefore, these seeds can be useful in the preparation of diets for people with low-level of mineral elements and also as dietary supplement in weaning food to improve quality of diets of infants and children.

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