scholarly journals Research results on the use of combined fuels

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (46) ◽  
pp. 4-4
Author(s):  
Alexander Saakian ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Combustible Mixture ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Available Energy

At present, much attention is paid to reducing the emission of harmful impurities into the atmosphere in exhaust gases. This is achieved by using alternative sources of thermal energy necessary for the operation of the internal combustion engine operating by using electrical energy and transferring existing internal combustion engines operating on liquid fuel (diesel or carburetor) to gas. At the same time, the issue of transferring energy resources used in agricultural production to the above-mentioned sources of thermal energy is very acute. This is since the transfer to alternative fuels requires a certain amount of money. This issue is especially acute in small farms that do not have sufficient funds to buy a new one or transfer existing energy resources to more environmentally friendly fuels. The presented article presents the results of studies on increasing the efficiency of using available energy resources and improving the quality of fuel combustion using a combined composition of the combustible mixture. Keywords: TRACTOR, FUEL, FUEL MIXTURE, TORQUE, EFFICIENT ENGINE POWER

Three municipal solid waste gasification technologies analysis for electrical energy generation in Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 631-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Medina Jimenez ◽  
Reynaldo Palacios- Bereche ◽  
Silvia Nebra
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Waste Gasification

In Brazil, in 2016, 196,050 tonnes day-1 of municipal solid waste (MSW) were collected, which means a waste generation of 1.035 kg per capita per day. Only 59.1% of the waste has adequate destination in sanitary landfills, whereas the remaining 40.9% has inadequate destination in controlled landfills and open dumps (ABRELPE, 2018). Among all the states in the country, the State of São Paulo has the biggest per capita generation: 2.290 kg. Today, the only waste destination practiced in the country is deposition in landfills, but other possibilities can be considered. Among thermal treatment routes, the gasification of MSW is an interesting alternative to be studied, because of its versatility and relatively low emissions. The aim of this work is to evaluate the potential of electricity generation through MSW gasification in Santo André city, Brazil, comparing three waste gasification technologies: TPS Termiska Processer AB, Carbogas and Energos. These alternatives have operated commercially for a few years, and data are available. Specific characteristics of each technology were taken into account, such as the reactor type and fuel properties. For the electricity production scheme, two energy conversion systems were assumed: an internal combustion engine and a steam power cycle. From the process parameters adopted, the results showed that Carbogas technology, coupled to internal combustion engines, presents the highest efficiency of electricity generation (30%) and also the lowest cost of electrical energy produced (US$65.22 MWh-1) when Santo André’s gate fee is applied.

scholarly journals Design of Lean Burn Engine for Scooters

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 2076-2080
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Stoichiometric Ratio ◽  
Lean Burn ◽  
Lean Mixture ◽  
Air Supply

Internal combustion engine powered vehicles are widely used all around the world for mobility. Scooter is the most commonly used two-wheeler by people of all age groups due to its easy handling and riding comfort. Due to gearless transmission, the mileage of scooter is low compared to gear transmission bikes. Nowadays increase in petrol price makes the mileage as the most important factor for internal combustion engines. Using lean air-fuel mixture for combustion in a engine increases the mileage as well as reduces the pollution. The air-fuel ratio is said to be lean when the ratio of air-fuel is greater than 15:1, the stoichiometric ratio of air-fuel is 14.7:1. In this Study, the clearance between the piston and cylinder of a 125cc engine is reduced from 0.5mm to 0.25mm to run in lean air-fuel mixture. The lean fuel-air mixture is achieved by supplying extra air into the engine by making an additional hole in the carburetor outlet and the air is supplied through it. The excess air is supplied to the engine after the vehicle reaches above 40 kilometer per hour. The extra air supply is controlled by an solenoid valve which is actuated by an electronic circuit. The lean mixture usage increases the engine temperature more than usual and it is controlled by using synthetic engine oil. The result shows increase in mileage from 40 - 45 kilometer per litre to 50 - 60 kilometer per litre and reduction in the emission of Carbon monoxide (CO) and Hydrocarbon (HC). Thus an overall increase in mileage is about 15 - 20% from existing vehicle but emission of Nitrogen Oxides (NOX) is slightly higher than usual. Combustion of lean air-fuel mixture produces less torque hence it cannot be used to move the vehicle from rest position, so lean mixture must be supplied to the engine after the vehicle reaches certain speed

scholarly journals The Study Influences the Jatropha-Diesel Mixing Ratio to the Formation of Soot Emissions in Diesel Exhaust Gases

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 80-84
Author(s):  
Van Quy Nguyen ◽  
Huu Cuong Le
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Mixing Ratio ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Jatropha Seeds

To cope with the depletion of fossil fuels and the threat of exhaust pollution from internal combustion engines, research finds alternative fuels. Step by step to completely replace fossil fuels that will be exhausted in the future and environmentally friendly due to internal combustion engines is an urgent and important issue. Diversify fuel sources used for internal combustion engines and environmentally friendly when using Jatropha - Diesel fuel mixture. The paper focuses on studying the ability to use biodiesel derived from Jatropha seeds with the volume ratios of 5%, 10% and 15% on experimental engines. Thereby, it will analyze and evaluate the technical features and pollution levels of engines compared to pure fuels. Experimental study assessing the effect of Jatropha - Diesel mixing ratio on the emission formation compared with emissions in Vikyno EV2600 engines.

scholarly journals New Hybrid Turbochargers Solutions for Special Military Vehicles with Internal Combustion Engines

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 64-72
Author(s):  
Rareş-Lucian Chiriac ◽  
Anghel Chiru ◽  
Ovidiu Condrea
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Military Vehicles ◽  
The Military

AbstractThe internal combustion engines performance can be increase. The residual gases can be recovered through turbo charging systems because is an important reserve of exhaust gas energy, which can be capitalized. The turbo charging solution is one of the most popular technical solutions for increasing the energy performance of internal combustion engines. The solutions proposed for the theoretical and experimental research is the hybrid turbocharger. The hybrid turbocharger has a double function: to compress the fresh air and to generate electric energy for the vehicle. The compressed fresh air is compress by the rotor wheel of the compressor. The generator which produces the electrical energy is linearly coupled to the rotor on the compressor shaft outside zone. The electrical energy can be used for consumption of the military vehicles or can be stored in to the battery of the vehicle. The military vehicle must have a internal combustion engine or a hybrid engine equipped with a hybrid turbocharger. The article aim is to present the results of the hybrid turbocharger. The simulation was realised with the AMESim Software developed by Siemens. To simulate the exhaust gas energy was used a CIMAT test bed which can provides high pressure air.

A Review on Butanol and Ethanol Fuels in Internal Combustion Engines

2016 ◽  
Vol 819 ◽  
pp. 259-264
Author(s):  
Abdullah Mustafa Hamid ◽  
Zulkarnain Abdul Latiff ◽  
Azhar Abdul Aziz ◽  
Mohd Rozi Mohd Perang
Keyword(s):  
Production Cost ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Ignition Timing ◽  
Greenhouse Gasses ◽  
Pollutant Gases

A controversial argument about alternative fuels is taking lots of researchers and scientists attention and so far ethanol and butanol, regardless their blending percentage, are the most promising alcohols due to their potential properties and low production cost. Many studies have been conducted to justify the optimum fuel to be implemented. In this work, a review will be conducted on both butanol and ethanol in internal combustion engine as well as their contribution in combustion engine regarding combustion performance, pollutant emission, ignition timing and knocking. According to the previous literature, an attractive advantage for alcohol-gasoline blends is that they don’t require engine modification design and still reduce the pollutant emission effectively. The properties of these fuels seem to prove not only that we can run our engines with a reduction of pollutant gases but with the emission of greenhouse gasses. This work will provide a review on ethanol and butanol as an alternative fuels and their properties and behaviour in the engine will be described individually.

Transportation Integrating Green Energy Resources (TIGER)™: A Solar-Biodiesel Hybrid Commuter Vehicle

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushil H. Bhavnani
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
The United States ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Trade Offs

Over the past two decades, several options have emerged as alternatives to traditional internal combustion engine-powered transportation systems. The alternative power sources garnering the most commercial interest have been hydrogen fuel-cells, battery-powered electric, propane, biodiesel, ethanol, and compressed natural gas. “Transportation Integrating Green Energy Resources” (TIGER)™ is a prototype hybrid vehicle that optimizes consumer desire for performance, alternative fuels, and environmental emissions reduction. It is powered by a combination of an electric motor and a biodiesel internal combustion engine. It is a two-passenger vehicle with a solarelectric, zero-emissions primary energy source for the daily commute while still permitting long-range travel utilizing the range-extension provided by the biodiesel engine. The average daily commute in the United States is less than 50 miles. During daily commuting use, the vehicle will operate solely as a solar-electric car. The electric vehicle (EV) system will be charged by deployable solar cells on its top surface while it is parked in a sun-lit parking lot during the workday. This charge will be sufficient to replenish energy used during a 50-mile commute. The commute is patterned as being comprised of 40 mph segments representing travel on arterial city roads and a 70-mph segment representing interstate highway travel. The biodiesel engine functions as the secondary power source to permit long-range trips with a refueling stop planned for around 350 miles; comparable to a conventional vehicle. The paper will report key elements of the vehicle design, including trade-offs between energy efficiency and passenger comfort/safety. Details of the various sub-systems such as the energy sources, the hybrid drive-train, and subsystem integration will be presented.

scholarly journals INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES: HEAT RECOVERY FROM EXHAUST GASES BY THERMOELECTRIC EFFECT

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Francesco Sgroi
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Exhaust Gases

The concern related to global warming is generating a legislative pressure on reducing CO2 emissions that is forcing automotive industry to find alternative and more efficient solutions to internal combustion engines. In Europe, the current regulation for passenger vehicles limits the CO2 emissions calculated as fleet average to 130 g/km and fix a target value of 95 g/km to be achieved by 2021. Car manufacturers will have to pay heavy penalties for each registered vehicle exceeding the CO2 limits (€95 per exceeding gram by 2019). Concurrently, the regulations on toxic emissions (CO, NOx, unburned hydrocarbons, particulate matter) is also becoming more and more stringent and requires complex and costly abatement systems to respect the strict limitations imposed on NOx and particulate matter emissions. On the other hand, zero emission electric vehicles, based on batteries, are still not mature enough for a replacement of the internal combustion engine in extra-urban applications, since they are not able to guarantee the driving range required by customers. Hydrogen fuelled vehicles, could meet the same performance of conventional cars, but the cost of materials used in the fuel cell stack is preventing the penetration into the market. Therefore, even though characterized by low energy efficiency, the internal combustion engine will remain, in the short-medium term, the reference technology for the transport industry but the environmental regulations will impose its hybridization with electric systems. Hybrid architectures allow circulating in electric mode in urban areas, limiting the local pollution, and increase the efficiency of the car through energy recovery during breaking phases. An energetic analysis of conventional internal combustion engine reveals that about 70% percent of the chemical energy stored in the fuel is converted in to mechanical energy for traction: the remaining part is dissipated as heat in the exhaust gases (30%) and in the cooling circuit (40%). So a great amount of thermal energy (tens of kW) is available on a car and its effective recovery can dramatically increase the efficiency of the system. Hybrid systems facilitate this task, since the produced electric energy can be stored in the battery pack. Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) offer the possibility to directly convert thermal energy into electricity with a reduced complexity and potential low cost. Even though available semiconducting junctions are characterized by low efficiency and limited operating temperatures, coupling a TEG to the internal combustion engine would allow recovering about 1 kW of electric power on a medium size car, with a reduction of CO2 emissions of about 10 g/km.

scholarly journals Evaluation of mixture swirl in the cylinder chamber in a conceptual system with combustion surrounded by inactive gases

2018 ◽  
Vol 175 (4) ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Wojciech CIEŚLIK ◽  
Ireneusz PIELECHA
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Combustible Mixture ◽  
Conceptual System ◽  
Actual Distribution ◽  
Advanced Analysis

Internal combustion engines have seen a reduction of the dynamics of their efficiency growth in recent years. All kinds of new modifications and changes introduced in this field can only manage changes of engine efficiency at the level of a fraction of a percent. Considering the concept of unification of SI and CI internal combustion engine structures, one can expect to see their efficiency increase by the reduction of losses, whose causes and occurrence is commonly known. The improvement of the combustion system is mainly related to the reduction of thermal losses generated in this process. Therefore, the current issue is the advanced analysis of any possibilities of improving the combustion conditions and more fully understanding the processes that accompany them. The authors of the article see such a possibility in the conceptual control of the combustion process, which aims to obtain a combustible mixture surrounded by nonflammable gases. This way the flame contact with the cylinder walls is limited, which should in turn contribute to reducing the heat exchange with the walls. This research is a continuation of previous research work; current work focuses on determining the actual distribution of gases in the combustion chamber using the advanced shadow photography method. The article specifies the effect of nonflammable gas injection pressure increase on the area of the boundary layer formed between the non-flammable gases and cylinder walls.

scholarly journals Light-Induced ignition of Carbon Nanotubes and energetic nano-materials: a review on methods and advanced technical solutions for nanoparticles-enriched fuels combustion

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Visconti ◽  
Patrizio Primiceri ◽  
Roberto de Fazio ◽  
Luciano Strafella ◽  
Antonio Ficarella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energetic Materials ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Nano Materials ◽  
The Common

AbstractAim of the present manuscript is to provide an overview of all possible methods and light source typologies used by the different research groups for obtaining the energetic nano-materials’ photo-ignition, showing the latest progress related to such phenomenon employing, also, alternative radiation sources to the common Xe lamp. In fact, the employment of a different source typology can open new usage prospects respect to those enabled by the Xe lamp, mainly due to its technological limitations. Therefore, several studies are faced to test light sources, such as lasers and LEDs, for igniting the nano-energetic materials (as CNTs mixed with metallic catalyzers, Al / CuO nano-particles, etc); these nano-materials are usefully employed for starting, in volumetric and controlled way, the combustion of air-fuel mixtures inside internal combustion engines, leading to significant benefits to the combustion process also in terms of efficiency, reliability, and emissions of pollutants. Several research works are presented in literature concerning the ignition of liquid / gaseous fuels, without nano-particles, employing laser sources (i.e laser-based plugs in place of the common spark plugs); therefore, an innovative solution is proposed that employs multi-point laser-plugs for inducing the ignition of nano-materials dispersed into the air-fuel mixture inside the cylinder, so further improving the combustion of the fuel in an internal combustion engine.

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