scholarly journals Response of Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana to Precommercial Thinning in a Humid Region Under the Oro-Mediterranean Climatic Conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayşe Deligöz ◽  
◽  
Esra Bayar ◽  
Musa Genç ◽  
Yasin Karatepe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Nigra ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Precommercial Thinning ◽  
Humid Region

The First Global Environmental Problem

2018 ◽  
pp. 38-54
Author(s):  
Hannah Holleman
Keyword(s):  
Arid Region ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Dust Bowl ◽  
Colonial Expansion ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Humid Region ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
Ecological Relations ◽  
Economic Developments

This chapter challenges typical interpretations of the Dust Bowl and puts the disaster into a global frame, linking the past to the present. In so doing, the common roots of contemporary and past developments and struggles are revealed. The Dust Bowl was one spectacular instance of a global problem of soil erosion associated with capitalist colonial expansion. While the official interpretation suggests that agriculture suited for a humid region was imported to an arid region, precipitating the crisis, contemporaneous accounts illustrate how much larger the crisis was, tied up with specific social and economic developments that imposed new socio-ecological relations upon peoples of the world and upon the land irrespective of local climatic conditions. Ultimately, the common denominators across the world—from North to South America, Australia to Africa, and Southeast to East Asia—were not climate and geography, but capitalism and colonialism.

scholarly journals Dothistroma needle blight Mycosphaerella pini E. Rostrup, a new quarantine pathogen of pines in the CR

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 319-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Jankovský ◽  
M. Bednářová ◽  
D. Palovčíková
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Pinus Nigra ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Picea Pungens ◽  
Quarantine Pathogen ◽  
Dothistroma Needle Blight ◽  
First Time ◽  
Needle Blight

Dothistroma needle blight caused by Mycosphaerella pini E. Rostrup was observed for the first time in the Czech Republic on an imported Pinus nigra Arnold in 1999. In 2000, it was also found in the open planting. During three years, it became an important pathogen of pines in the Czech Republic. Its occurrence was noticed in more than 50 localities, above all in the region of Moravia and Silesia and eastern Bohemia. In total, it was found on 10 species of pine (P. nigra Arnold, P.&nbsp;banksiana Lamb., <br />P. contorta Loudon, P. mugo Turra, P.&nbsp;leucodermis Ant., P. sylvestris L., P. cembra L., P. aristata Engelm., P.&nbsp;ponderosa P. et C.&nbsp;Lawson and P. jeffreyi Grev. et Balf.). Also Picea pungens &nbsp;Engelm. was noticed as a host species. In the Czech Republic, Pinus nigra is the most frequent host species of M. pini (80% localities) followed by Pinus mugo (27% localities). On Scots pine P. sylvestris, M. pini was noticed at two localities. The critical period for infection is in the Czech Republic from the second half of May until the end of June. The incubation period lasts about 2&ndash;4 months depending on climatic conditions. The first symptoms on the needles infected in the current year appear in August being clearly expressed from September to November.In the CR, Dothistroma needle blight spread probably with infected planting stock obtained from import at the end of the 80s and at the beginning of the 90s.

scholarly journals Correlation dynamics of transpiration intensity of pinus nigra subsp. Pallasiana with photosynthesis, temperature of needles and some environmental factors during vegetation under the conditions of the southern coast of the Crimea

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
O. A. Ilnitsky ◽  
Yu. V. Plugatar
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Pinus Nigra ◽  
Physiological Characteristic ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Pine Needles ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Southern Coast ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
The Crimea

The relationship dynamics of the intensity of transpiration of Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana with photosynthesis, pine needles temperature and some environmental factors in the process of active plant growth in the Southern Coast of the Crimea was examined. The display function response of transpiration to environmental factors allowed to determine the optima of these dependencies, and to obtain numerical coefficients of nonlinear regression equations for their correlations. During the period of active growth of the plant (June and September), the intensity of transpiration and the studied environmental factors changed: transpiration intensity - by 53.34%, air temperature - by 17.86%, air humidity level - by 42.86% and illumination - by 35.72%. Critical value of optimal temperature of phytosynthesis and transpiration. P. nigra subsp. pallasiana has a high potential for acclimatization at elevated ambient temperatures. The critical temperature of pine needles for this species is 38°C. The relative speed of xylary flow in the plant shoot and changes in its diameter combine the indicators of available moisture in the soil for the plant and the parameters of the environment. The data obtained allow us to interpret the intensity of transpiration as a potential ecological and physiological characteristic of this species. There is an opportunity to compare the results of our research with known from literary sources for the various species and subspecies of pines growing in similar climatic conditions using identical techniques.

scholarly journals STUDY OF VARIABILITY OF RAINFALL AND SUITABILITY OF FARMING IN SUB- HUMID REGION: A CASE STUDY OF JAIPUR DISTRICT, RAJASTHAN, INDIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjun Lal Meena ◽  
Priyanka Bisht
Keyword(s):  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Prominent Feature ◽  
Rainfall Distribution ◽  
Humid Region ◽  
Rainfall Patterns

Agricultural activities are integrated with climatic conditions and elements such as temperature, humidity, rainfall etc. Rainfall is the prominent feature of climate which directly or indirectly influences agricultural activities. The rainfall patterns and its erratic characteristics has been created problem for farmer as every year its pattern gets change. In India, more than 70% people rely on agriculture and allied activities for their survival. The farming totally depends on rainfall distribution and intensity as farmers are not aware about new technology and methods. This paper is attempted to demonstrate the rainfall variability in Jaipur district, which is situated in sub-humid region of Rajasthan.

Energy-Saving Patterns of Iranian Traditional Architecture in Various Climates

2013 ◽  
Vol 689 ◽  
pp. 66-70
Author(s):  
Tohid Fardpour
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Traditional Architecture ◽  
Interior Space ◽  
Efficient Energy ◽  
Air Movement ◽  
Humid Region ◽  
Harsh Climate

Iranian traditional architecture has always been a good example of climatic design and represents the techniques which our ancestors have found to improve their living conditions. By paying attention on Iranian traditional architecture we could confirm that its rules suit buildings in best way in sustainability and in correspondence to the local cultural, topographical and climatic conditions which have the least adverse effect on environment. One of the most significant features of traditional Iranian architecture is the special architectural specification in various climates, which makes each region distinct from the others. Investigations of different Iranian regions indicate that in past, different techniques and methods for controlling and making air movement in interior space of the building were common. Harsh climate of these areas in Iran forced people to build their houses with some strategies based on efficient energy consumption. In this paper different solutions of sustainability will be discussed in three different climate regions of Iran: hot-arid region, hot-humid region and humid-rainy regions (Southern Shores of Caspian Sea Region)

scholarly journals Considerations Concerning the Impact of the Management on Pine Trees Drying Phenomenon

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
Ilie Covrig ◽  
Ioan Oroain ◽  
Antonia Odagiu ◽  
Petru Burduhos
Keyword(s):  
Slenderness Ratio ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Pinus Nigra ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Atmospheric Humidity ◽  
Pine Tree ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Strong Winds ◽  
The Impact

The pine trees may support the consequences of the action of a series of various natural harmful factors, as break downs determined by strong winds, storms, or large amounts of snow, pathogens and mites’ attacks, and also anthropogenic harmful factors. The research was developed in Reghin Forestry District, arrangement unity Breaza 2, county of Mureş, in the year 2012. The biological material consisted of pine (Pinus nigra) trees, 40 years old. The following climatic and pine tree developmental parameters were monitored: temperature, humidity, and rainfall regimen, pine height, pine average diameter, and pine slenderness ratio. The experimental research emphasizes climatic conditions represented by an annual temperature of 9.27ºC, atmospheric humidity of 71.17%, and rainfall regimen of 5.48 mm. The averages of the diameter of the pine trees is of 11.76 m, of the height of 11.19 m, and of the slenderness ratio of 0.95, while the statistical analyze is repr4esentative. A strong positive correlation between pine trees’ diameter and height, of 88.70%, representative for 78.60% of the sample may be mentioned, ande between diameter and slenderness ratio, the correlation is equal to 0.452, representative t for 20.40%.

scholarly journals Freezing and Heating Tolerance of Pinus nigra Seedlings from Three South to North Balkan Provenances

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9290
Author(s):  
Vladan Ivetić ◽  
Marianthi Tsakaldimi ◽  
Petros Ganatsas ◽  
Ivona Kerkez Janković ◽  
Jovana Devetaković
Keyword(s):  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Pinus Nigra ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Seed Transfer ◽  
The North ◽  
Significant Difference

To meet the restoration and reforestation goals in the changing environment, the translocation of genotypes and species northward and upward need to be considered to a great extent. Pinus nigra is a genetically diverse, drought sensitive species, with cold hardiness comparable to other tree species under the same climatic conditions. This study tested frost hardiness (whole plant freezing test—WPFT, and electric conductivity—EC test), and heat tolerance (heat tolerance test) of P. nigra seedlings from two southern Greek provenances (Kalamata and Grevena) and one northern Serbian provenance (Šargan) to better understand the potential of seed transfer from the south to the north of the species distribution in the Balkan peninsula. The results showed that, that for all studied provenances, the damage was great; the index of injury (Ii) at −18 °C was ranged from 49 to 54.5 (measured by the EC method) and the percentage of injured tissues ranged from 80–90% (measured by visual observation). For all studied provenances, a sharp increase in damages was observed with the fall of temperature from −5 and −18 °C and the time after exposure. The WPFT results showed that the highest tolerance to freezing (−18 °C) was presented by seedlings from the northern (Šargan) provenance; however, no significant differences were statistically detected among the studied provenances. The heat and drought-treated seedlings, from both provenances, presented significantly highler foliar damages than only drought-treated ones. For seedlings from both contrasting provenances (Grevena and Šargan), exposure to moderate heat (45 °C) and short drought did present damages but without significant difference between them. Considering freezing and heating tolerance, Greek provenances of P. nigra (i.e., Grevena region) can be successfully used in Serbian forestation and restoration programs. The present study makes a contribution towards P. nigra reforestation with practical implications for abiotic stress (frost, heat drought) tolerance among southern and northern provenances and could be valuable to determine the suitable provenances for reforestation programs and assisted population migration under climatic change scenarios.

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