scholarly journals Yield and vivipary of pecan nut (Carya illinoinensis[Wangenh.] K. Koch) in relation to soil moisture

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-167
Author(s):  
Mayela Rodríguez-González ◽  
◽  
Jesús G. Arreola-Ávila ◽  
Ricardo Trejo-Calzada ◽  
José A. Cueto-Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Carya Illinoinensis ◽  
Moisture Level ◽  
Phenological Stage ◽  
Moisture Management ◽  
Tree Fruit ◽  
Irrigation Time ◽  
Production Cycles

Introduction: Viviparity in pecan nut (Carya illinoinensis [Wangenh.] K. Koch) has increased considerably. This genetic-environmental phenomenon can be controlled with soil moisture management and other quality variables.Objective: To determine the effect of soil moisture content on yield, nut size, kernel percentage and germinated nut on the tree.Materials and methods: Forty-year-old pecan nut trees were irrigated by 40 emitters with an output of 3.2 L∙h-1. From the phenological stage of shell hardening, irrigation time was 4, 6 and 8 h, corresponding to moisture levels of 0.257, 0.327 and 0.380 m3 of water per m3 of soil, at depths of 40 to 80 cm. Yield per tree, germinated nut percentage, fruit size and kernel percentage were evaluated during the production cycles of 2016 and 2017 production cycles.Results and discussion: During the two production cycles, when soil moisture level increased from 0.257 to 0.380 m3∙m-3, nut yield per tree, fruit length and diameter, and kernel percentage increased on average 23.8 %, 25.3 and 10 %, and 1.8 %, respectively; however, vivipary increased 11.2 %, which was reflected in the decrease of commercial pecan nut percentage. Treatments 0.327 and 0.380 m3∙m-3 had a similar effect (P > 0.05) on these variables.Conclusions: The lower moisture level (0.257 m3∙m-3), starting at the kernel filling stage, decreased vivipary and increased commercial kernel percentage.

scholarly journals Fertilizer Placement Effects on Soil Nitrogen and Use by Drip-irrigated and Plastic-mulched Tomatoes

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 767-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilton P. Cook ◽  
Douglas C. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Moisture Level ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Fertilizer Placement ◽  
Total N ◽  
Soil Moisture Level ◽  
N Concentration

The effects of fertilizer placement and soil moisture level on soil N movement, uptake, and use by tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) grown with drip irrigation and plastic mulch were evaluated at two locations on two types of sandy soils. Broadcast or band fertilizer placement had no effect on fruit size, fruit number, or total yield. Fruit size was increased at one location, and the incidence of blossom-end rot was decreased by increased frequency of irrigation. Nitrate-N distribution within the bed was not affected by initial N placement. In the soil with a rapid infiltration rate, NO3-N levels in the center of the bed were always low, with highest concentration observed in the areas of the bed most distant from the drip tube. In the soil with the slower infiltration rate, NO3-N concentrations were more uniform throughout the bed, with highest concentrations in the bed center: Increasing soil moisture levels (–20 kPa vs. –30 kPa) resulted in increased leaching and reduced NO3-N concentration throughout the bed. Foliage N concentration was not affected by N placement, but decreased seasonally. Total N uptake by the above-ground portion of the plants was not affected by fertilizer placement or soil moisture level.

The critical relationship between soil moisture content in the region of wilting point and the mineralization of natural soil nitrogen

1957 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. D. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Moisture Level ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Soil Moisture Level ◽  
Wilting Point

1. Laboratory incubation studies with topsoil samples of the Kikuyu red loam coffee soil have shown that active nitrification of the natural soil nitrogen stops at a soil moisture level just below the permanent wilting percentage. Ammonification of natural nitrogen in this soil does not cease at this moisture level and ammonia nitrogen accumulates substantially, although the values found at the end of the 32-day incubation period, and the rate of ammonification are significantly lower as the moisture level is decreased from ⅚ to of the permanent wilting percentage.

scholarly journals Effect of a Synthetic Fabric Row Cover on Soil Moisture Content, Growth and Fruiting of Young Sweet Cherry Trees (Prunus avium L. cv. `Regina'/Gisela 6)

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 850A-850
Author(s):  
Roberto Nunez-Elisea* ◽  
Helen Cahn ◽  
Lilia Caldeira ◽  
Clark Seavert
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gisela 6

A `Regina'/Gisela 6 sweet cherry orchard was planted in April 2001 to evaluate a row cover (RC) made of black, woven polypropylene fabric, in water conservation. Trees were trained to a central leader and planted at 3 m x 5.4 m. Soil water content and tree growth variables were compared for trees growing with or without a 2.4 m-wide RC. Irrigation of all trees replenished approximately 80% of weekly evaporation rate. Trees with RC maintained consistently higher (30% to 40%) soil moisture content at 30 cm depth than non-RC trees. In Spring 2003, trees in RC had significantly larger trunk cross sectional area (34%), height (7%), total wood length (65%), total number of branches (20%) and number of 1-year-old-shoots (45%) compared to trees with no row cover. Length of 1-year-old wood for trees in RC was two-fold that of non-covered trees. In Summer 2003, RC had no clear effect on bloom time, intensity or duration. Fruit yields were light and not affected by RC, but fruit size was slightly larger for trees in RC. Although trees were not fertilized, foliar nitrogen content was significantly higher and leaf green color was notably darker green for trees with RC. During Spring and Summer 2003, soil temperatures under RC at 5-cm and-10 cm depths were generally 1 °C to 2 °C warmer than in non-covered ground. The RC did not affect air temperature at 10 cm and 30 cm above ground. It is speculated that RC promoted tree growth by a combined increased available soil moisture and warmer root temperatures, which favor root development and nutrient uptake, particularly in the absence of competing weeds. Increased branching in trees with RC is unclear. It is possible that light quality above RC triggers developmental changes resulting in increased vegetative budbreak.

scholarly journals Precision Agriculture using IOT

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VII) ◽  
pp. 122-127
Author(s):  
Mr. V. Seetha Rama
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Moisture Level ◽  
Soil Moisture Sensors ◽  
The Status ◽  
Automated Irrigation System

Automation of farm activities can transform agricultural domain from being manual and static to intelligent and dynamic leading to higher production with lesser human supervision. This paper proposes an automated irrigation system which monitors and maintains the desired soil moisture content via automatic watering. Microcontroller ATMEGA328P on Arduino Uno platform is used to implement the control unit. The setup uses soil moisture sensors which measure the exact moisture level in soil. This value enables the system to use appropriate quantity of water which avoids over/under irrigation. IOT is used to keep the farmers updated about the status of sprinklers. Information from the sensors is regularly updated on a webpage using GSM-GPRS SIM900A modem through which a farmer can check whether the water sprinklers are ON/OFF at any given time. Also, the sensor readings are transmitted to a Thing speak channel to generate graphs for analysis.

Factors Affecting Chloroacetanilide Injury to Corn (Zea mays)

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 904-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loston Rowe ◽  
Donald Penner
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Moisture Level ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Soil Moisture Level ◽  
Chloroacetanilide Herbicides ◽  
Low Rate

Greenhouse studies were conducted to determine the effects of herbicide, herbicide rate, genetic variability, and soil moisture content on the tolerance of corn seedlings to two chloroacetanilide herbicides. Alachlor and metolachlor were applied preemergence at 2.2, 3.4, 4.5, and 6.7 kg ha-1to 10 Great Lakes corn hybrids. Metolachlor appeared to be less injurious at the low rate and more injurious at the high rate than alachlor. Injury among the 10 hybrids tested varied significantly. Some of the hybrids appeared to tolerate alachlor more, while others tolerated metolachlor more indicating that even in a limited number of hybrids there was a spectrum of response. Six levels ranging from 8% to 22% soil moisture were evaluated for their effect on alachlor and metolachlor injury to corn seedlings. The herbicide injury ranged from no injury at the lowest soil moisture level to about 70% at the highest soil moisture level with 4.5 kg ha-1application rate of alachlor or metolachlor.

Analysis on Soil Moisture Content in the Middle Reaches of the Yellow River

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Run-chun LI ◽  
Xiu-zhi ZHANG ◽  
Li-hua WANG ◽  
Xin-yan LV ◽  
Yuan GAO
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
The Yellow River

Hydrophobic Particle Films Improve Tree Fruit Productivity

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 548a-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.M. Glenn ◽  
G. Puterka ◽  
T. Baugher ◽  
T. Unruh ◽  
S. Drake
Keyword(s):  
West Virginia ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Tree Fruit ◽  
Fruit Productivity ◽  
Leaf Level ◽  
Hydrophobic Particle

Hydrophobic particle film technology (HPF) is a developing pest control system for tree fruit production systems. Studies were established in Chile, and Washington, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia in the United States, to evaluate the effect of HPF technology on tree fruit yield and quality. Studies in Chile, Washington, and West Virginia demonstrated increased photosynthetic rate at the leaf level. Yield was increased in peaches (Chile) and apples (West Virginia), and fruit size was increased in apples (Washington and Pennsylvania). Increased red color in apple was demonstrated at all sites with reduced russetting and `Stayman' cracking in Pennsylvania. HPF technology appears to be an effective tool in reducing water and heat stress in tree fruit resulting in increased fruit quality.

Distribution of soil moisture content and its effect on the potential growth of the over-story species in North-East Chalkidiki

2001 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Aslanidou ◽  
P. Smiris
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Moisture Distribution ◽  
Taxus Baccata ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
North East ◽  
Soil Moisture Distribution

This  study deals with the soil moisture distribution and its effect on the  potential growth and    adaptation of the over-story species in north-east Chalkidiki. These  species are: Quercus    dalechampii Ten, Quercus  conferta Kit, Quercus  pubescens Willd, Castanea  sativa Mill, Fagus    moesiaca Maly-Domin and also Taxus baccata L. in mixed stands  with Fagus moesiaca.    Samples of soil, 1-2 kg per 20cm depth, were taken and the moisture content  of each sample    was measured in order to determine soil moisture distribution and its  contribution to the growth    of the forest species. The most important results are: i) available water  is influenced by the soil    depth. During the summer, at a soil depth of 10 cm a significant  restriction was observed. ii) the    large duration of the dry period in the deep soil layers has less adverse  effect on stands growth than in the case of the soil surface layers, due to the fact that the root system mainly spreads out    at a soil depth of 40 cm iii) in the beginning of the growing season, the  soil moisture content is    greater than 30 % at a soil depth of 60 cm, in beech and mixed beech-yew  stands, is 10-15 % in    the Q. pubescens  stands and it's more than 30 % at a soil depth of 60 cm in Q. dalechampii    stands.

Soil Moisture based Automatic Irrigation System to Improve Water Productivity

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
PRADEEP H K ◽  
JASMA BALASANGAMESHWARA ◽  
K RAJAN ◽  
PRABHUDEV JAGADEESH
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Agricultural Water Management ◽  
Water Management System ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Crop Growth Stage ◽  
Experimental Findings

Irrigation automation plays a vital role in agricultural water management system. An efficient automatic irrigation system is crucial to improve crop water productivity. Soil moisture based irrigation is an economical and efficient approach for automation of irrigation system. An experiment was conducted for irrigation automation based on the soil moisture content and crop growth stage. The experimental findings exhibited that, automatic irrigation system based on the proposed model triggers the water supply accurately based on the real-time soil moisture values.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document