scholarly journals The Dynamics of The Romanian Electronics Trade Flows – A Gravity Model Approach

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Anca TAMAȘ
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Model ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Political Determinants ◽  
Eu Integration ◽  
Eu Membership ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Economic Size

The aim of this paper is to find out the determinants of the electronics trade flows of Romania and their impact before and after the EU integration, the impact of the traditional determinants, like the economic size and distance, as well as the impact of the economic, trade policy and political determinants. An augmented gravity model was used, including traditional variables as GDP, distance, EU membership and common border, as well as nontraditional ones, as trade openness, political stability and inflation.

scholarly journals Determinants of Individual Support for Independence: Evidence from Montenegro

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Pëllumb Kelmendi ◽  
Christian Pedraza
Keyword(s):  
Individual Preference ◽  
Minority Rights ◽  
Relative Effect ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Eu Integration ◽  
Eu Membership ◽  
Individual Support ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Democratic Principles ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This article investigates the determinants of individual support for independence in Montenegro. We outline five theoretically distinct groups of factors covered by the literature and evaluate their impact on individual preference for independence. Using observational data obtained from a nationally representative survey conducted in Montenegro in 2003–2004, we find support for several hypotheses, showing that identity, income, and partisanship significantly impact individual opinion about independence. We also investigate and discuss the relative effect size of different factors associated with preference for independence. Additionally, we test variables with hitherto unexplored implications for opinions on independence, including the impact of support for EU membership, as well as support for democratic principles. Our logistic regression analyses reveal that attitudes towards EU integration and minority rights are strongly associated with support for independence. By systematically analyzing existing and new hypotheses with data from an understudied case, our findings contribute to the nascent literature on individual preferences for independence.

scholarly journals Estimating the Impact of ASEAN China Free Trade Agreement on Indonesia’s Trade Balance

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-37
Author(s):  
Muhammad Arif Junaidi
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Model ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Insignificant Effect ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
The Impact

Using trade flows data of ASEAN countries and China from 2002 to 2017, this studyestimates the impact of ACFTA on ASEAN countries and China’s trade balance in general,and also for Indonesia’s trade balance in specific by elaborating the impact of ACFTA onthe trade flows both exports and imports. Using the gravity model and estimating by OLSand PPML, this paper finds that the impact of tariffs elimination due to the implementationof ACFTA increased exports and imports for ASEAN countries and China in general, andfor Indonesia in particular. However, the aggregate trade balances of ASEAN membercountries and China is zero since the impact of ACFTA on imports offset the impact ofACFTA on exports. Tariff’s elimination due to the implementation of ACFTA on Indonesiashows a negative and statistically insignificant effect on imports and exports. Thus, tariffshave not played significant role on increasing Indonesia’s exports and imports. As a result,the impact of ACFTA on Indonesia’s trade balance cannot be quantified clearly since theimpact of tariffs on exports and imports are not significant.

scholarly journals The Effect of the European Union Customs Union on the Balance of Trade in Turkey

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalya Ketenci
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Gravity Model ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Dynamic Panel Data ◽  
Customs Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Balance Of Trade ◽  
The Impact

This article investigates the effect of the customs union between Turkey and the European Union on the balance of trade in Turkey. The framework for analysis is an extended trade gravity model onto which the impact of the customs union is applied. The gravity model of trade is estimated using dynamic panel data which applies the generalized method of moments to a sample of OECD countries. Separate estimates were made for the periods before and after the process of trade liberalization in Turkey—1980–1995 and 1996–2012, respectively—as well as for the full period—1980–2012. The main conclusion is that when the European Union is accounted for as an econometric variable, the empirical results are striking: Turkey’s gains resulting from taking part in the customs union are noteworthy, with significant improvement in the trade balance with European Union countries. However, the trade flows, and specifically imports, have been mainly with OECD countries that are themselves not members of the EU. The model indicates that external common tariffs are responsible for Turkey’s trade growth rather than tariffs abolished in the internal market of the customs union.

scholarly journals Russian Domestic Trade: Applying the Gravity Mode for Rail Cargo Flows

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 60-89
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Model ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Special Method ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
Institutional Factor ◽  
Domestic Trade ◽  
Mode Of Transport ◽  
Correct Estimation ◽  
The Impact

This article uses the gravity model to explain the trade flows between the regions of Russia. The data used contains information on all rail freight flows in tonnes for the period 2012–2016. The authors discuss the assumptions that make the gravity model applicable for trade by one mode of transport. For the purpose of correct estimation of the gravity equation, the special method of obtaining trade values in rubles was developed. The coefficients of distance and gross regional products are close to the results of previous studies on international and domestic trade. Along with the distance factor, the average rail tariff variable was included in the model. The significance of the coefficients of both variables has confirmed that trade flows are determined not only by transport costs, but by other trade costs, too. The results suggest that the export volume of the sending region proportional to its output is positively related to the volume of bilateral domestic trade flows. Accounting for regional fixed effects has not changed the coefficients of distance and average tariffs significantly, indicating the robustness of the estimates. No proof has been found for the impact of infrastructure on trade. An institutional factor that can negatively affect the trade volume is the level of corruption in the recipient region.

scholarly journals ECONOMIC SHOCKS ON PARTNERS’ TRADE; AFRICA AND ASEAN ON CHINA

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-24
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Yamoah Cobbold ◽  
Dan Owusu
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Model ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Economic Shocks ◽  
Macroeconomic Shocks ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Trade Partners

This research studies the impact of macroeconomic shocks from African and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) on China’s bilateral trade with them. Data on (GDP) per capita, FDI, inflation, unemployment rates, and trade openness (TO) of China’s African and ASEAN partners were sourced from the World Bank whilst imports and exports data were from the world integrated trade solutions (WITS). It uses the gravity model as a basis and the panel corrected standard errors (PCSE) as well as multivariate regression estimators. The findings reveal that per capita of China’s partners have a strong positive impact on trade with them. Trade openness is reported to increase China’s imports but reduce exports to these partners. Further, an increase in FDI inflows to China’s trade partners leads to an increase in both imports and exports of China. KEYWORDS: Economic shocks, international trade, China, Africa, ASEAN, gravity model

THE IMPACT OF TRADE OPENNESS IN LATIN AMERICA ON ECONOMIC GROWTH

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Fanny Wigeborn
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Common View ◽  
Single Measure ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Goods Market ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Impact

This paper investigates empirically the notion that enhanced levels of foreign trade as a result of the deregulation in international goods market would have spurred economic development and demonstrates that it is not obvious. We shed light on how this relationship applies to the special case of Latin America before and after “La Apertura”, the trade liberalization that took place in the late 80s and early 90s. Results show that openness solely is not a determinant of economic growth for the observed countries which stand in contrast to the general findings of existing literature on the topic. Using a single measure of trade openness togetherwith other explanatory variables, this paper fail to confirm the common view that openness is associated with growth.

3. Sovereignty and sources of law

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elspeth Berry ◽  
Matthew J. Homewood ◽  
Barbara Bogusz
Keyword(s):  
Eu Law ◽  
Eu Integration ◽  
Eu Membership ◽  
Legislative Procedures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Complete Series ◽  
Explanatory Text ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Primary Materials

Titles in the Complete series combine extracts from a wide range of primary materials with clear explanatory text to provide readers with a complete introductory resource. This chapter examines the principle of sovereignty of EU law and how the judicial application of the sovereignty principle has advanced EU integration. The chapter specifically considers the impact of EU membership on the UK’s sovereignty and how the principle has been applied by the UK courts. The chapter also discusses EU competences and the attribution of powers to the EU; the application of the principle of subsidiarity; the sources of EU law; and EU legislative procedures.

scholarly journals Integrated Model to Measure the Impact of Terrorism and Political Stability on FDI Inflows: Empirical Study of Pakistan

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sundas Rauf ◽  
Rashid Mehmood ◽  
Aisha Rauf ◽  
Shafaqat Mehmood
Keyword(s):  
Time Series Data ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Fdi Inflows ◽  
Gdp Growth Rate ◽  
The Impact

<p>To condense saving-investment gap, transformation of technology, creation of employment opportunities and more importantly, increasing economic development of host countries, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is proven to be a significant source of investment predominantly for developing countries. Numerous standing studies have scrutinized the economic impact of terrorism and political stability by referring to decrease in FDI. This study empirically enlightens the determinants of FDI for Pakistan over the period 1970 to 2013, by using annual secondary time series data. Adopting the optimistic approach, in this study, variables in the combination of terrorism, political stability, trade openness and GDP have been analyzed applying Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method. As expected, the projected results confirm that GDP, trade openness and political stability have positive and significant impact whilst terrorism has negative influence on FDI inflows in Pakistan. Because of the political stability along with stable GDP growth rate, inverse impact of terrorism has been found statistically insignificant.</p>

scholarly journals Explaining Cooperation in the Council of the EU Before and After the Brexit Referendum

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-15
Author(s):  
Markus Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Major Event ◽  
Network Ties ◽  
Member States ◽  
Decision To Leave ◽  
Eu Integration ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Eu

This article focuses on the impact of the UK’s decision to leave the EU on cooperation within the Council of the EU. It does so by studying how cooperation between member states has changed from the period before the Brexit referendum to the period after. In the emerging literature on Brexit, it has been highlighted that member states that have been close partners to the UK will have to (and have started to) adjust their cooperation behaviour and form new alliances. While the structure of cooperation in the Council is often understood to be stable over time, suggesting that cooperation is mainly driven by structurally determined preferences that don’t easily change, a major event such as Brexit may force remaining member states to restructure their cooperation behaviour. Accordingly, it is expected and tested whether less structurally determined preferences have grown in importance for shaping patterns of cooperation in the immediate period following the Brexit referendum. Using survey data based on interviews with member state negotiators to the Council, asking about their network ties, compiled both in the period before and after Brexit referendum of 2016, it is shown that structurally determined preferences are important in both periods and that more volatile ideologically-based preferences on the EU integration dimension and GAL-TAN dimension have become important following the referendum. The article is informative both for those interested in the effects of Brexit on EU institutions, as well as those more generally interested in causes of cooperation patterns in the Council.

scholarly journals Impact of Lithuanian EU Integration on External Trade in Agricultural Products

Ekonomika ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Algirdas Miškinis
Keyword(s):  
Trade Policy ◽  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
External Trade ◽  
The Third ◽  
Eu Integration ◽  
Eu Membership ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The task of the study was to identify the impact of EU membership on Lithuanian trade in food products. The author has carried out an analysis of the inevitable and likely changes which will affect Lithuanian trade policy. terms of trade within the EU and the third countries, export and import volumes, and social consequences of these changes. The conclusions are based on a comparison of the existing Lithuanian and EU tariffs for key items of Lithuanian foodstuffs exports and imports.

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