scholarly journals THE PATTERN OF EGG LAYING IN DOMESTIC FOWLS KEPT IN WARM HUMID TROPICS

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-131
Author(s):  
B. I. Orji
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Lag Time ◽  
Humid Tropics ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Frequent Sequence ◽  
The Mean

Oviposition times, sequence of laying, lag time, laying intensity, egg weights and specific gravity of two commercial hybrids, Hypeco Gold Line (HGL) and Shavers Black (SB), were studied with 192 individually caged birds (96 of each) over a forty six day period. The most frequent sequence size was three for HGL and two for SB, the longest egg sequence for HGL was 43 while that of SB was 22. The interval between successive eggs ranged from 23.00 to 27.67 hours for HGL and from 23.56 to 27.80 hours for SB. The laying intensity was 72.10 and 63.54 per cent for HGL and SB respectively. The mean egg weight was 62.83 ± 0.38 g for HGL and 68.81 ± 0.39 g for SB; the egg weight tended to decrease from the first to the last egg in a sequence. The mean specific gravity of the eggs were 1.057 ± 0.003 and 1.056 ± 0.005 for HGL and SB respectively. The peak of lay was between 0900 to 1000 hours in both crosses with 99 per cent of all eggs being laid between 0600 and 1800 hours. Over 70 per cent of the eggs were laid before 12 noon in both Cases.

scholarly journals Effect of laying period and duck origin on egg characteristics

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 400-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Okruszek ◽  
J. Książkiewicz ◽  
J. Wołoszyn ◽  
T. Kisiel ◽  
A. Orkusz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Egg White ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Egg Weight

Abstract. The study was carried out on eggs of two-year-old Orpington ducks (O1) and crossbred ducks Khaki Campbell×Orpington (KhO). Eggs for analysis were collected in the 6th and the 22nd week of egg laying. The eggs of KhO ducks had greater weight (72.45 g), specific gravity (1.083 g/cm3) and a thicker shell (0.67 mm) in comparison to eggs of the O1 population (70.64 g, 1.081 g/cm3 and 0.65 mm, respectively). Eggshell content accounted for 9.53% and 7.85% of egg weight in KhO and O1 ducks, respectively. Eggs of KhO ducks were characterized by a lower egg white index (0.07), yolk content (39.48%) and protein content of egg white as well as lower L* parameter of yolk than eggs of O1 ducks. In KhO eggs, yolk lipids contained more C 18:1 cis-9, C 20:4, C 22:6 and C 20:5 and less α C 18:3 and C 18:1 trans-11 fatty acids than those of O1 eggs. The eggs laid in the 6th week had greater weight (by 3.61 g), specific gravity (by 0.01 g/cm3), egg white content (by 2.26%), eggshell thickness (by 0.04 mm), strength (by 10.70 N) and deformation (by 0.90%), and lower yolk content (by 2.34%) than the eggs laid in the 22nd week of laying. Furthermore, the eggs laid at the beginning of the second laying period were characterized by higher protein content of egg white and yolk (by 0.26% and 0.49% respectively) and pH value of egg white and yolk, lower lightness of yolk (L*), higher unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) content of yolk (especially polyunsaturated fatty acids – PUFA, by 2.53%), and lower saturated fatty acids (SFA) content of yolk (by 3.10%) and total cholesterol content (by 2.38%).

The effect of different levels of management on the assessment of differences between varieties of chickens. II. Egg production, mortality and egg weight

1964 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Bowman ◽  
J. C. Powell
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Components Of Variance ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Intensive Investigation ◽  
Optimum Management ◽  
Maximum Expression ◽  
Different Levels

1. The data relating to 16 multi-location trials involving several varieties of egg-laying chickens per trial have been analysed to obtain estimates of variety × location (genotype-environment) interactions for rearing and laying mortality, hen-month and hen-housed egg production and 32-week egg weight. Significant interactions were found in about a third of the trials for all five traits though in only two cases did the interaction variance account for more than 20% of the total variance.2. Genetic correlations for varieties between locations have been calculated as 0·49 for rearing mortality, 0·50 for laying mortality, 0·72 for hen-month production, 0·76 for hen-housed production and 0·91 for egg weight. These are in close agreement with previous published estimates.3. The between-and within-variety components of variance have been calculated for each trait on each location separately. The regressions within trials and pooled values of the components on the mean level of all varieties on the location have been calculated. For hen-month production the pooled regres-son of the within-variety component on mean was negative, whilst for all other traits the pooled regressions were positive. The pooled regressions of the between-variety components on mean were all positive. It is suggested that this information indicates that comparison of varieties for single traits should be carried out on locations favourable for maximum expression of the trait. The difficulties which variety comparisons, for several traits having different optimum management regimes, would cause and the need for a more intensive investigation of the conditions conducive to genotype-environment interactions are stressed.

scholarly journals Supplementation of extract of Lafoensia pacari in the diet of semi heavy laying hens

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 281
Author(s):  
Janaina Da Silva Moreira ◽  
José Henrique Stringhini ◽  
Edemilson Cardoso da Conceição ◽  
Emmanuel Arhnold ◽  
Raiana Almeida Noleto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Tannin Extract ◽  
External Quality ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Shell Quality ◽  
The Mean

 It was intended to evaluate the supplementation of Lafoensia pacari standardized in tannins extract in the diet of laying hens on the performance, internal and external quality of eggs and metabolism of the feed nutrients. A total of 168 Isa Brown laying hens, aged 24 weeks, with the mean weight of 2.6 kg and the mean posture rate of 87% were used during 4 periods of 28 days each. The treatments consisted of Halquinol performance-enhancing antibiotic, Mannanoligosaccharide (MOS) prebiotic and three levels of pacari extract – 1,000, 2,000 and 3,000 mg kg-1of feed. The experimental design was completely randomized, with six treatments and seven replicates of four hens each. The pacari standardized in tannin extract presented a percentage of albumen and an egg weight similar to the antibiotic (p < 0.04). The supplementation with the extract improved the shell quality, verified by the specific gravity (p < 0.03) and promoted the metabolizability of ether extract similar to antibiotic and MOS (p < 0.04), allowing its indication as a phytogenic additive. 

scholarly journals The implications of lag times between nitrate leaching losses and riverine loads for water quality policy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. McDowell ◽  
Z. P. Simpson ◽  
A. G. Ausseil ◽  
Z. Etheridge ◽  
R. Law
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Mean Transit Time ◽  
Lag Time ◽  
Practice Change ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Leaching Losses ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lag Times

AbstractUnderstanding the lag time between land management and impacts on riverine nitrate–nitrogen (N) loads is critical to understand when action to mitigate nitrate–N leaching losses from the soil profile may start improving water quality. These lags occur due to leaching of nitrate–N through the subsurface (soil and groundwater). Actions to mitigate nitrate–N losses have been mandated in New Zealand policy to start showing improvements in water quality within five years. We estimated annual rates of nitrate–N leaching and annual nitrate–N loads for 77 river catchments from 1990 to 2018. Lag times between these losses and riverine loads were determined for 34 catchments but could not be determined in other catchments because they exhibited little change in nitrate–N leaching losses or loads. Lag times varied from 1 to 12 years according to factors like catchment size (Strahler stream order and altitude) and slope. For eight catchments where additional isotope and modelling data were available, the mean transit time for surface water at baseflow to pass through the catchment was on average 2.1 years less than, and never greater than, the mean lag time for nitrate–N, inferring our lag time estimates were robust. The median lag time for nitrate–N across the 34 catchments was 4.5 years, meaning that nearly half of these catchments wouldn’t exhibit decreases in nitrate–N because of practice change within the five years outlined in policy.

What Is the Impact of Prior Authorization on the Incidence of Pediatric Tonsillectomy?

2020 ◽  
pp. 019459982096963
Author(s):  
Vanessa F. Torrecillas ◽  
Kaden Neuberger ◽  
Alexander Ramirez ◽  
Paul Krakovitz ◽  
Jeremy D. Meier
Keyword(s):  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Lag Time ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Prior Authorization ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Objective Third-party payers advocate for prior authorization (PA) to reduce overutilization of health care resources. The impact of PA in elective surgery is understudied, especially in cases where evidence-based clinical practice guidelines define operative candidacy. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of PA on the incidence of pediatric tonsillectomy. Study Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Health claims database from a third-party payer. Methods Any pediatric patient who had evaluation for tonsillectomy from 2016 to 2019 was eligible for inclusion. A time series analysis was used to evaluate the change in incidence of tonsillectomy before and after PA. Lag time from consultation to surgery before and after PA was compared with segmented regression. Results A total of 10,047 tonsillectomy claims met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Female patients made up 51% of claims, and the mean age was 7.9 years. Just 1.5% of claims were denied after PA implementation. There was no change in the incidence of tonsillectomy for all plan types ( P = .1). Increased lag time from consultation to surgery was noted immediately after PA implementation by 2.38 days (95% CI, 0.23-4.54; P = .030); otherwise, there was no significant change over time ( P = .98). Conclusion A modest number of tonsillectomy claims were denied approval after implementation of PA. The value of PA for pediatric tonsillectomy is questionable, as it did not result in decreased incidence of tonsillectomy in this cohort.

The influence of nutrition on egg-production and longevity in unmated female body-lice (Pediculus humanus corporis: Anoplura)

Parasitology ◽  
1941 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Haddow
Keyword(s):  
Female Body ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
The Body ◽  
Unmated Female ◽  
Pediculus Humanus ◽  
The Third ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Body Lice

1. Isolated unmated female body-lice were worn in pillboxes between the skin and the clothes. They were kept constantly on the body but, by a simple device, groups of ten were permitted feeding periods of different length. These groups were fed for 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 hr. per day respectively. Another group of ten were never allowed to feed after the last moult.2. Some of the figures for egg yield were high. Lice in the 24 hr. group were able to maintain a rate of ten eggs per day for 4−5 days at a time.3. No significant difference in longevity or rate of egg-laying was found to exist between the 12, 16, 20 and 24 hr. groups nor between the 4 and 8 hr. groups but a pronounced and significant difference exists between the 8 and 12 hr. groups. Below 12 hr. there is a sharp fall in longevity and rate of egg production. The unfed group all died, without laying, on the third day.4. The rate of laying as shown by the mode increases progressively with increase in time allowed daily for feeding.5. With regard to the mean eggs per louse the position is less clear. It is felt that the 24 hr. group may differ significantly from the 12, 16 and 20 hr. groups but this is uncertain.

IV. On the expansion by heat of metals and alloys

1867 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 220-222
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Metals And Alloys ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
The Mean

In a paper “ On the Expansion by Heat of Water and Mercury” *, a method of determining the expansion of bodies is described, by which good results can be obtained with comparatively small quantities of the substances to be experimented with. This method, that of weighing the body in water at different temperatures, has been employed for the present research. The results obtained are given in the following Tables:— From the above the following conclusion is drawn-namely, that just as it may be said that the specific gravity of an alloy is approximately equal to the mean specific gravities of the component metals , so also from the foregoing we may deduce that the volume which an alloy will occupy at any temperature between 0° and 100° is approximately equal to the mean of the volumes o f the component metals at the same temperature, or, in the other words, the cubical or linear coefficients o f expansion by heat of an alloy between 0° and 100° are approximately equal to the mean of the cubical or linear coefficients of expansion by heat o f the component metals .

scholarly journals Heterosis effect in hybrid laying hens

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Hristakieva ◽  
M. Oblakova ◽  
M. Lalev ◽  
N. Mincheva
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Group V ◽  
Paternal Line ◽  
Group I ◽  
Heterosis Effect

The new original egg laying lines T, P and N selected at the Institute of Agriculture - Stara Zagora were used. Hybrid ?? ? ??, ?? ? ?? crosses were obtained and used for paternal line. Thereafter, the following breeding schedule of paternal and maternal lines was applied: Group I - (?????)? ?N?; group ?? - (?????)? ?N?; group ??? - ???N?; and group ?V - ???N?. The production traits of original and hybrid birds were recorded: live weight at the age of 8 and 18 weeks, age of sexual maturity in days, 150 days egg production, average egg weight - at 2-week intervals until end of lay; livability, heterosis effect. The live weights of hybrids at 8 and 18 weeks of age were statistically significantly lower compared to original lines. The values of heterosis for this parameter were negative for all four hybrid combinations. The earliest beginning of egg lay occurred in (?????) ? ?N? (162.08 days of age) and ???N? (163.11 days of age). The relative (%) heterosis for age of sexual maturity of studied hybrid combinations had moderate to low negative values. Average egg weights of hybrids were higher and the values of heterosis - positive for all four groups varying from 0.97% to 1.63%. The average 150 days egg production was lower in purebred lines compared to hybrids. The highest average 150 days egg production was determined in ???N? hybrids - 142 eggs. The heterosis effect for egg production in hybrids was significant.

Abstract 257: Cutting Down the Lag- an Assessment of the Delay in the House Staff’s Evaluation of an Admission

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason G Kaplan ◽  
Arjun Kanwal ◽  
John Berquist ◽  
Samuel Eis ◽  
Rabia Zahid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Current System ◽  
Lag Time ◽  
P Value ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Emergency Department Admission ◽  
Admission Time ◽  
Evaluation Time ◽  
The Mean

Background: At this institution, a delay occurs between the time the emergency department admits a patient and the admitting service’s evaluation of the patient. Since the emergency department is run on paper charting, the current system, at night, involves the emergency department writing a name and a diagnosis in the emergency department’s admission book. The night residents’ job is to admit teaching patients to the teaching service. The current system requires the night resident to physically go to the emergency department and look in the admissions book to find out about a new admission. This lack of communication can cause a great delay in evaluation of a new admission, which can be problematic. The catalyst for this study was an adverse event where a stroke was missed in the emergency department and the patient was not evaluated by the admitting service for 15 hours falling well outside the tPA window. Decreasing the delay in thorough evaluation is crucial in proper treatment of many cardiovascular conditions, which are time sensitive and can potentially prevent a catastrophic outcome. Intervention: Residents on the admitting service will be first asked to document their evaluation time without intervention, which will be documented with the emergency department admission time to establish a baseline. In addition to the current system of manually checking the admissions book in the emergency department, the ward clerk will page the night staff when new admissions are written in the book. Residents on the admitting service will then document their evaluation time with this new intervention, along with the emergency department admission time. The goal of this new system is to decrease the time the patient is waiting to be evaluated by the admitting service. Results: The mean lag time pre-intervention (N=20) was 73 minutes with a range of 0-279 minutes. Post-intervention (N=25) the mean lag time was 82 minutes with a range of 5- 337 minutes. The P-value of this study was 0.707. Residents on the admitting service were very compliant with documenting their evaluation times. Admitting residents did note the pages were inconsistent and were often missed. The rate of pages successfully sent out was not documented. Conclusion: The lag time before and after intervention was not found to be statistically significant. Pages were inconsistently sent out but did not impact the internal validity of the study. Since the study tested if paging the on-call residents improved the delay in evaluation, the ability to reliably send the page is as important as the response time. The paging system in this study was used as an augmentation to the current system out of some trepidation that pages could be missed and thus negatively impacting the response time. Due to the statistically insignificant data, it can be concluded that the paging system made no impact on the response time patients were seen by the admitting residents.

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