PROTEIN AND ENERGY IN BROILER STARTER DIETS: EFFECTS ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND NUTRIENT UTILIZATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
G. S. Ojewole ◽  
O. G. Longe
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Humid Tropics ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Designed Experiment ◽  
Percent Nitrogen ◽  
The Tropics

The effect of varying energy and protein concentration on performance and nutrient utilization of broiler chicks in the humid tropics was investigated in a 3 x 3 factorially designed experiment with three levels of energy (10.46, 12.13 and 13.81 MJME/kg diet) and three levels of crude protein (12, 24 and 27%) giving a total of 9 diets. A total of 180 seven - dy old Hubbard chicks into nine equal treatments of 20 birds, replicated twice, were used in the study which lasted 21 days. Percent nitrogen retained and fat and crude fibre ‘digested’ differed significantly (P < 0.05) among treatments. Birds fed 10.46 MJME/kg and 21% CP had the lowest (62.07) Percent fat digested increased as the percent dietary protein increased in each of the groups of diets, while percent fibre digested ranged between 48.12 and 59.89. Birds fed 10.46 and 12.13 MJME/kg had their mean weights improved, though not significantly (P > 0.05) as the percent dietary protein increased from 21 – 27% while birds fed 13.81 MJME diet had depressed body weight. Feed consumed also decreased, though not significantly (P > 0.05) with increased dietary protein in the first 2 groups of diets but birds on 13.81 MJME diets followed no definite tread. Birds fed 12.13 MJME/kg and 24% r 27%CP gave the best feed/gain rations, though the 2 values were not different (P > 0.05) from each other. Feeding up to 27% protein had no further advantage over 24% protein hance 12.13 MJME/kg and 24%CP with Calorie: Protein ration of 118.46 seem the best combination for optimal performance of broiler chicks in the tropics. 

scholarly journals Determination of the Minimum Crude Protein Requirements of Broiler Starters and Finishers in the Tropics

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-138
Author(s):  
G. M. Babatunde ◽  
B. L. Fetuga
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
The Third ◽  
Percent Nitrogen ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Protein Diets

THREE experiments were conducted with broiler chicks to determine the minimum crude protein levels in the diets of broiler starters and finishers reared in a tropical environment. The first two trials covered both the starter and finisher periods of 12 weeks while the third experiment covered only the finishing period. The calculated dietary crude protein levels used in the first trial were 14,16 18, 20, 22 and 24%; in the second trial, 20, 22, 24 and 26% and in the third trial, 14, 16, 18 and 20% on air dry basis. Results showed the 24% crude protein (trial 1) and 26% crude protein (trial 2) diets promoted highly significantly better live weight gains than all the other rations during the starter period while during the finishing period, there were no significant differences in the liveweight gains on the diets containing 18, 20, 22, 24 and 24% although growth was always better on the higher protein diets. Diets containing 14, 16 and 18% crude protein were grossly inadequate for the broiler starters while during the finishing period, if all the birds were on adequate broiler starter diets before being put on finisher diets, all those diets promoted growth almost equally well, there being no significant differences among growth rates. The feed/gain ratios followed the same trends as obtained for growth rates, the ratios becoming significantly better for higher protein diets. Mortality was highest for the lowest protein diets and lowest for the highest protein diets, while the percent nitrogen retained tended to be better, though not significantly so, for the higher protein diets. On the basis of these studies, it is recommended that the diets of broiler starter chicks in the tropics should not contain less than 24% crude protein, while those of the finishers should not contain less than 18% crude protein on air dry basis for optimal results.  

scholarly journals Proximate composition and phytochemical screening of coffee weed (Senna occidentalis ) leaves as phytobiotic additive in poultry diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 92-99
Author(s):  
S. O. Omoikhoje ◽  
D. O. Obasoyo ◽  
S. E. Okosun ◽  
J. I. Uwaya ◽  
I. A. Adamu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Poultry Diets

The proximate and phytochemical screening of Senna occidentalis were carried out to assess some nutrients and phytobiotic properties of the leaves. The fresh leaves were thoroughly rinsed, sparsely spread on jute mat and dried at room temperature for 6 – 7 days until they became crispy, thereafter they were milled and subjected to proximate and phytochemical analyses. Data showed that the leaves had low moisture (9.35 9.35%), high crude protein (21.88 21.88%), crude fibre, crude fat, ash and nitrogen free extract (NFE) , of 19.72, 16.88, 9.70 and 22.47% respectively. The phytochemicals positively present were cardiac glycosides, phenols, flavols, flavonols and alkaloids, while saponnins were largely present. From the results, Senna occidentalis leaf meal can be a potential source of vegetable protein and some vital mineral elements as supplements to poultry feeds. Besides, the high levels of antioxidants and antimicrobial agents present in the sample which are known to promote growth by enhancing nutrient utilization, repair of worn out tissues and disease control could make Senna occidentalis leaves worthy of being a phytobiotic additive in poultry diets.

The effect of level of feeding on the response of lactating ewes to dietary supplements of fish meal

1985 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Gonzalez ◽  
J. J. Robinson ◽  
I. McHattie
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Low Protein

ABSTRACTThirty-six individually-penned ewes (mean live weight 69 kg), each suckling two lambs, were given one of three diets containing either 128 (low), 155 (medium) or 186 (high) g crude protein (CP) per kg dry matter. All diets contained (g/kg), milled hay, 570; molasses, 95; and a barley/fish meal concentrate, 330. The three protein concentrations were achieved by adjusting the proportions of barley and fish meal in the concentrate. Each diet was given at daily metabolizable energy (ME) intakes of 19, 23 and 27 MJ. Mean daily yields of milk in weeks 3 to 8 of lactation for ewes given the diet with the low concentration of crude protein increased from 2·32 kg at 19 MJ ME to 2·53 kg at 27 MJ. Corresponding values for the medium concentration of CP were 2·49 and 2·67 kg and for the high concentration 2·52 and 3·09 kg (P < 0·05 for differences between ME intakes and differences between dietary protein concentrations). For milk composition, interactions between the concentration of dietary protein and level of ME intake were not statistically significant but the main treatment effects were significant, with the protein concentration in milk increasing from 49·6 g/kg for ewes given the low concentration of dietary protein to 54·1 g/kg for those given the high (P < 0·001). Corresponding values for protein concentration in milk for the lowest and highest energy intake were 51·2 and 53·4 g/kg (P < 0·05). Losses of tissue protein were variable but decreased from 26 g/day for ewes given the low-protein diet to 8 g/day for those given the high. In discussing the responses in milk yield to dietary protein and ME intake attention is drawn to the modifying influence of the energy contributed from body tissue.

Sesbania Leaves as Sole Feed for Growing Black Bengal Boats

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 133-133
Author(s):  
Md Shahjaiai ◽  
K J Khan ◽  
M A Akbar ◽  
A M M Tareque ◽  
H Galbraith
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Sesbania Aculeata ◽  
Group A ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

Sesbania, a tropical legume browse, provides green foliage high in crude protein and low in crude fibre (Sen, Ray and Ranjhan, 1978). In Bangladesh two varieties of sesbania, Sesbania aculeata and a recently introduced African Sesbania rostrata are largely cultivated for green manuring in agricultural fields during kharif season. The leaves of sesbania may be used as good source of protein to supplement protein-poor roughages in ruminants diets. However, there is an extreme paucity of information on its nutritional value for goats. An attempt was therefore made to study the effect of feeding sesbania leaves as sole feed on growth performance and nutrient utilization in growing Black Bengal goats.Nine Black Bengal male castrated goats aged about 5 months and weighing 9.0 kg on average initially were used in a 56 day study.The goats were housed individually in a slatted floor and were introduced to the experimental feed over a period of 2 weeks.The animals were allocated at random to one of three dietary treatments in a randomised block design according to live weight.The control group A given road-side grass and the groups B and C offered green leaves of Sesbania aculeata and Sesbania rostrata, respectively.

Effect of Potenmic on the immunity, blood metabolites and antioxidant status of broiler chicks

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-19
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Titre ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Fourth Group ◽  
Treatment Groups

The aim of the present study was to find the effect of Potenmic supplementation on humoral immunity, some blood metabolites and stress status in broiler. A total of 150 day old broiler birds were divided into five treatment groups. One group was control having crude protein and metabolizeble energy of 22% and 3000 Kcal/kg respectively as a basal diet. Second group was basal diet + 1ml Potenmic dissolved in 1.5 lit of water (NCPot1), third group was basal diet plus 1 ml Potenmic dissolved in 3 lit of water (NCPot2), fourth group was basal diet + 1 ml Potenmic dissolved in 5 lit (NCPot3) of water. Every group was divided into three replicates and each replicates was consisting of 10 birds. Antibody titre against ND was significantly (P<0.01) higher in NCPot1 and NCPot2 in comparison with the control. However, antibody titre against IB was significantly (P<0.05) higher in the treatment groups compared to the control. The H:L was significantly (P<0.01) lower in NCPot1 and NCPot2. Blood glucose was significantly (P<0.01) higher in the treatment groups compared to the control. However, NCPot1 and NCPot2 showed significantly (P<0.05) higher serum glucose and protein concentration compared to the control and other treatment groups. Blood MDA concentration was also significantly (P<0.05) lower in NCPot1 and NCPot2 compared to the control. The results of the present study showed that supplementation of Potenmic improved the immune response, blood metabolites and antioxidant status of broiler.

scholarly journals Accessing the nutritional composition and phytochemical screening of Panicum maximum and Newbouldia laevis leaves

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-167
Author(s):  
A. O. Yusuf ◽  
O. S. Sowande ◽  
O. M. Sogunle ◽  
V. A. Akinbami ◽  
O. O. Oyebanji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
The Tropics

Ruminant livestock in most parts of the tropics graze extensively on naturally growing forages which are poor in quality. These tropical forages compared to those in the temperate, support lower levels of ruminant animal production mainly because they contain less nitrogen and are less digestible. The quality and quantity of these grasses become more critical in the dry seasons and thereby imposing more serious constraint to the development and productivity of these animals. Therefore, a study was conducted to access nutritional composition of Panicum maximum and Newbouldia laevis. Phytochemical screening of Newbouldia laevis was also carried out. Newbouldia laevis had higher crude fibre, ether extract and crude protein compared to Panicim maximum. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of Tannin, Alkaloids, Flavonoids and Saponnin in Newbouldia laevis. The percentages of tannin, alkaloids, flavonoids and saponin in the Newbouldia laevis were 11.5, 52.07, 3.1 and 0.64, respectively while none was recorded for Panicum maximum. The relatively high crude fibre, ether extract and crude protein values for both plants s appeared satisfactory for animal production. Also, the presence of the phytochemicals in the plant showed it importance in ethno veterinary medicine and pharmacology.

scholarly journals Gut Histomorphometric and Blood Profile of Broiler Chicks Fed Varied Levels Of Protein

2020 ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
Shittu, M. D ◽  
Adejumo, D. O, ◽  
Ademola, S. G, ◽  
Alagbe, J.O
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Gut plays active role in screening what goes into the blood stream and blood is very important parameter to access for us to establish the health status of animal to any dietary variation, this will help the producer ability to guaranty the consumers’ health. Therefore this research was designed to determine gut histomorphometry and blood profile of broiler starter fed varied levels of protein. Material and method is A total of 144 days-old-broiler chicks were used for the study. Broiler standard starter mash with varied protein percentages of 20, 23, and 26%, respectively for treatments 1, 2 and 3 were used. Data were analysed using ANOVA at α0.05. Results is Except crude protein and ash contents, others nutrient digestibilities were not affected by the dietary treatments. Birds fed lower crude protein had the lowest crude protein digestibility while birds fed standard diet (23% CP) had the best and highest crude protein digestibility. White blood cell decrease with decrease dietary protein, this might have serious effect on the immunity level of the broilers. Also globulin increases while albumin decreases with increase in dietary protein levels. Serum total protein increases with increase in the dietary protein levels and diet with26% CP recorded the highest value (5.82g/dL). Serum cholesterol values were significantly higher at lower protein level unlike serum protein whiledifferent gut parts response significantly different to dietary treatments. Conclusion is at early stage broiler growth, diet need to have higher CP to improve the immunity and health growth of gut.

scholarly journals Dry matter accumulation and crude protein concentration in Brachiaria spp. cultivars in the humid tropics of Ecuador

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan R. Garay ◽  
Santiago Joaquin Cancino ◽  
Pedro Zárate Fortuna ◽  
Martín A. Ibarra Hinojosa ◽  
Juan C. Martínez González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Humid Tropics ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation

Nutritive contents of Allanblackia floribunda Oliv. (Guttiferae) forage in sylvopastoralism in southeastern agroecological zone of Nigeria

1970 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.I. Onyenso ◽  
K.A. Nwobodo ◽  
A.M. Yakubu
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Cross River ◽  
Cross River State ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Rivers State ◽  
Agroecological Zone

Nutrition is one of the major constraints to livestock production in the tropics. This research aimed at assessing the nutritive contents of Allanblackia floribunda leaves from different sylvopastoralism locations in the southeastern agroecological zone of Nigeria: Ikwuano L.G.A. in Abia state, Ikom L.G.A. in Cross River state and Eleme L.G.A. in Rivers State. Leaf samples were analysed in the laboratory to determine their nutritive contents. The results of the proximate, minerals and vitamins analysis of Allanblackia floribunda leaves from Ikwuano, Ikom and Eleme as follows; crude protein: 9.51%, 8.46%, 9.86%; fat: 4.64%, 3.69%, 4.19%; Crude fibre: 17.32%, 15.24%, 17.12%; ash: 5.26%, 4.10%, 4.50%; carbohydrate: 0.46%,0.41%, 0.46% and moisture: 10.07%, 9.90%, 9.60%. For the mineral contents, calcium:14.70mg/100g,14.6970mg/100g, 15.37mg/100g; magnesium: 11.20 mg/100g, 11.33 mg/100g, 10.40 mg/100g; phosphorus: 287.88 mg/100g, 280.53 mg/100g, 290.05 mg/100g; potassium: 217.67 mg/100g, 219.12 mg/100g, 220.13 mg/100g and sodium: 21.07 mg/100g, 21.70 mg/100g, 20.67 mg/100g. For the vitamins, vitamins C: 15.25 mg/100g, 11.73 mg/100g, 14.66 mg/100g; thiamine: 0.04 mg/100g, 0.06 mg/100g, 0.04 mg/100g; riboflavin: 0.06 mg/100g, 0.06 mg/100g, 0.04 mg/100g; niacin: 0.18 mg/100g, 0.22 mg/100g, 0.16 mg/100g. The Anova results showed significant differences (p<0.05) in the proximate, minerals and vitamins contents, and such could reflect the variation in the types of soil and water availability in the areas. Generally, Allanblackia floridunda leaves are good source of forage for livestock. Keywords: Nutritive contents, Allanblackia floribunda leaves, sylvopastoralism, southeastern agroecological zone

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