scholarly journals Residues of streptomycin antibiotic in commercial layers in Abeokuta and Ibadan metropolis

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-134
Author(s):  
M. A. Dipeolu ◽  
A. J. Adebayo ◽  
O. M. Oke
Keyword(s):  
Human Consumption ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Maximum Residue Level ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis Atcc ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Residue Concentration ◽  
Residue Levels ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Food Animals ◽  
Open Markets

Old layers sold for human consumption in six open markets in Abeokuta and Ibadan metropolis of Ogun and Oyo States of Nigeria were analyzed for the presence of residues of streptomycin antibiotic. One hundred and twenty samples comprising of muscle (thigh and breast), liver and kidney tissues were subjected to microbiological assay technique for the detection of residues of the antibiotic. The assay was done on antibiotic medium 5 agar with Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633) organism. Results showed that 34.17% of the sampled birds were positive for the presence of streptomycin antibiotic. The concentration of the residues ranged between 0.18µg/g and 0.91µg/g. The mean residue levels recorded among the organs are not significantly different (P>0.05). Some of the muscle samples recorded residue concentration levels higher than the W.H.O recommended maximum residue level for streptomycin antibiotic in muscle tissue of food animals. In view of the importance of antibiotics in the treatment of bacterial diseases in both human and animals, it is advocated that the use of these drugs in food animals be done judiciously.

Cadmium concentration in muscle, liver and kidney of sheep slaughtered in Falavarjan abattoir, Iran

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 259-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
HR Kazemeini ◽  
E. Rahimi ◽  
AA Kharrattaherdel ◽  
N. Nozarpour ◽  
AG Ebadi
Keyword(s):  
Graphite Furnace ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Maximum Tolerance ◽  
The Mean

The aim of the present study was to investigate the levels of cadmium in sheep’s muscle, liver and kidney from Isfahan and also to compare them with the levels reported in several other countries and with the maximum tolerance levels for the human consumption. The samples of muscle, liver and kidney of 60 animals around 1 to 6 years old were collected from the carcasses slaughtered in Flavarjan abattoir, Isfahan. Samples (acid digested and cadmium concentrations) were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry (GFAAS). The mean fresh weight concentrations in muscle, liver and kidney were about 0.0017 mg/kg, 0.0743 mg/kg and 0.02290 mg/kg, respectively. The mean concentration of cadmium in tissue samples was generally lower than the maximum acceptable concentration in European Commission (EC). Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference in cadmium concentration of liver and kidney between various age groups (p < 0.05).

­­­­Accumulation and clearance of tissue residues and health status of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.) juveniles as influenced by the extended oral oxytetracycline-dosing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thangapalam Jawahar Abraham ◽  
Anwesha Roy ◽  
Roy Beryl Julinta ◽  
Jasmine Singha ◽  
Prasanna Kumar Patil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Fish Muscle ◽  
Primary Therapy ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Biological Responses ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Residue Levels ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract Antibiotics are considered an important primary therapy for bacterial diseases in aquaculture. This study evaluated the influence of oral administration of oxytetracycline (OTC) on feed intake, growth, mortality, residue accumulation and clearance, and histopathological changes in the vital organs of six groups of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus when fed at 0-10 times the therapeutic dose (1X: 80 mg/kg biomass/day) for 10 and 20 consecutive days. The feed intake was reduced only slightly, viz., 2% in 10 days and 4.25% in 20 days dosing trials at 1X-dose compared to control. While in other groups, an OTC-dose-dependent reduction in feed intake up to 31.25% was noted. The fish of 0.5X and 1X groups recorded significantly high biomass; while the other OTC-dosed groups recorded significantly lower biomass than the control. The fold change in biomass between the control and 1X groups was insignificant. A dose-dependent mortalities were recorded in OTC-dosed fish in 10 days (1.67±2.89-6.67±2.89%) and 20 days (3.33±2.89-8.33±2.89%) trials. The OTC concentration in fish muscle established a dose- and time-response relationship. The OTC residue levels in muscle even on day 20 OTC-dosing were lower than the maximum residue limit permitted by Codex Alimentarius (200 ng/g). On day 23 post-OTC-dosing, the residue levels were traces to <10 µg/g in all groups, except the 10X group. The OTC-dosing caused mild to moderate pathological changes in the gills, liver and kidney of O. niloticus and the fish were able to mount adaptive biological responses to overcome the stress with time.

scholarly journals Uptake and Dissipation of Carbofuran and Its Metabolite in Chinese Kale and Brinjal Cultivated Under Humid Tropic Climate

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Siong Fong Sim ◽  
Ling Yan Chung ◽  
Jocephine Jonip ◽  
Lian Kuet Chai
Keyword(s):  
Half Life ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Humid Tropic ◽  
Maximum Residue Level ◽  
Chinese Kale ◽  
Limit Of Determination ◽  
Vegetable Farming ◽  
Residue Concentration ◽  
Preharvest Interval

Carbofuran is an insecticide with a broad spectrum of activity and is relatively cheap. It is banned in many countries in the world; however, it remains widely used in Asia, Australia, and South America. Carbofuran is commonly used in vegetable farming in Malaysia and it is a legally registered pesticide. This study reports the uptake and dissipation of carbofuran and 3-ketocarbofuran in Chinese kale and brinjal under humid tropic field conditions. The residue profile in plants demonstrated an increase to a maximum, followed by a consistent reduction to a level below the limit of determination (<0.01 mg/kg) over the experimental period. The maximum residue concentration was attained on Day 3 for kale (1.16 mg/kg fresh weight) and Day 7 for brinjal (0.06 mg/kg fresh weight) after carbofuran application. In order to comply with the maximum residue level (MRL) of 0.01 mg/kg, the preharvest interval for kale and brinjal were suggested at 23 and 28 days, respectively. The preharvest interval indicates that carbofuran is not recommended for Chinese kale but it is acceptable for brinjal. The average half-life of carbofuran in soil is 1.24 days, shorter than the literature values reported based on temperate condition, indicating accelerated dissipation under tropical climate. The estimated half-life of carbofuran in leaves was shorter than that in fruits with kale leaves reported at 2.54 days whilst brinjal leaves and fruits recorded at 3.22 and 10.33 days, respectively.

Evaluation of heavy metals content in the canned/packed fruit juices from local and imported origin in Lahore, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazeefa Fatima ◽  
Munazza Khan ◽  
Muhammad Shuaib Kabeer
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Fruit Juices ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Acid Digestion ◽  
Digestion Method ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Nutritive Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

This study was conducted to determine the mean concentration of heavy metals such as lead (Pb), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se), magnesium (Mg), and iron (Fe) in canned/packed fruits juices, collected from various stores in Lahore in a period of three months. These juices were categorized into four groups; local packed and canned and also imported packed and canned products. Every group consisted of ten samples. By using the di-acid digestion method, the collected samples were digested and analyzed under Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results indicated that the mean values of 7 out of 9 tested heavy metals including Pb, Mg, Ni, Fe, Cr, Se and Mn were above permissible limits (set by WHO) in all four understudy groups. Therefore, it was concluded that commercially available fruit juices are not all safe according to their heavy metals content for the human consumption despite their nutritive values.

scholarly journals Quality assessment of Zeus faber (Peter’s fish) ovaries regularly commercialized for human consumption

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Giarratana ◽  
Graziella Ziino ◽  
Valerio D'Andrea ◽  
Antonio Panebianco ◽  
Alessandro Giuffrida
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fresh Products ◽  
Vibrio Spp ◽  
Zeus Faber

n the last few years, the consumption of fish eggs has increased rapidly, finding widespread use also in mass catering. This increase has involved also those of the Peter’s fish (Zeus faber). Females of this species, by their reproductive characteristics, have highly developed gonads in different periods of the year, making the raw material easy to find. The aim of the present study was to perform a quality assessment of Zeus faber ovaries regularly commercialized for human consumption. A total number of 34 samples, divided in fresh (11) and frozen (23), were processed for microbiological characterization, parasitological and histological evaluations. Fresh and frozen samples have significant (P<0.01) differences in total bacterial charge, with values of 4.75±0.5 Log CFU/g and 3.65±0.7 Log CFU/g respectively. The mean value of Enterobacteriaceae was 2.58±0.7 Log CFU/g in fresh products, while 52.17% (12) of frozen samples reported loads of <1 Log CFU/g. No Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes were found. Aeromonas spp. was detected in two frozen sample (with loads of 2.2 and <1 Log CFU/g) and in 5 fresh ovaries with value ranged from 1.70 to 3.48 Log CFU/g. Vibrio spp. was found in 4 (36.36%) and 3 (13.04%) of fresh and frozen samples respectively, with loads always <1 Log CFU/g. All 31 Vibrio strains isolated, were identified as Vibrio alginolyticus, and 61.29% (19) of them was positive for the ToxRS factor and 6.45% (2) for ToxR. The 47.06% (16) of total samples showed infestations by larvae of Anisakis Type 1 in the serous and inside the ovary. In this last case, histologically it was found to be free larvae. This study attested satisfactory hygiene conditions for Zeus faber ovaries currently marked for human consumption. The presence of potentially pathogenic strains of V. alginolyticus and Aeromonas spp., but above all the frequent infestation by Anisakis larvae, represent a potentially hazard for the consumer.

scholarly journals Cadmium, Copper, Lead, and Zinc Contents of Fish Marketed in NW Mexico

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martín G. Frías-Espericueta ◽  
Francia K. G. Zamora-Sarabia ◽  
J. Isidro Osuna-López ◽  
María D. Muy-Rangel ◽  
Werner Rubio-Carrasco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fish Muscle ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Fish Muscles ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Nw Mexico ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Copper Lead

To assess if they were within the safety limits for human consumption, the Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn contents of fish muscles, bought from separate stalls of the fish markets of nine cities of NW Mexico, were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Considering all fish and markets, the mean contents were Zn:23.23±5.83, Cu:1.72±0.63, Cd:0.27±0.07, and Pb:0.09±0.04 µg/g (dry weight). Cu, Zn, and Pb did not reach levels of concern for human consumption, but the high Cd values determined in Mazatlán (Mugil cephalus:0.48±0.15;Diapterusspp.:0.57±0.33;Lutjanusspp.:0.72±0.12; small shark:0.87±0.19 µg/g dry weight) indicate that this was the only metal of concern for human health because the daily individual consumption of fish muscle to reach the PTDI would be within 0.27 and 0.41 kg.

First reporting of Anisakis sp. in the Armed Snook fish (Centropomus armatus) caught and commercialized in Buenaventura, Colombia

Infectio ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Jenniffer Alejandra Castellanos ◽  
Andrés Ricardo Tangua ◽  
Rubén Mercado ◽  
Liliana Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Health Personnel ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Port City ◽  
Artisanal Fishing ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hematoxylin Eosin ◽  
Anisakid Nematodes

Objective: Nematodes of the Anisakidae family are parasites found in aquatic organisms. The lack of studies on anisakidosis and Anisakis in Colombia has meant this type of parasitosis is not widely known by health personnel and underreporting of the disease is highly likely. The objective of this study was to identify anisakid nematodes in the armed snook fish (Centropomus armatus) obtained by artisanal fishing and sold commercially in the coastal port city of Buenaventura.Material and methods: Morphological identification of these worms was performed using taxonomic keys and supplemented with microscopic study using the histochemical Hematoxylin-Eosin technique.Results: Nematodes of the genus Anisakis were found in 42% and the mean abundance was 2.8 in the C. armatus.Conclusions: The findings confirm the presence of Anisakis sp. in fish for human consumption in Buenaventura, the main fishing port in the Colombian Pacific region. This finding in itself warrants further investigation into the possibility of an emerging disease in Colombia.

Rapid Depletion of Marbofloxacin Residues in Rabbit after Therapeutic Treatment

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 2480-2484 ◽  
Author(s):  
MATTEO LIGABUE ◽  
DARIO LUCCHETTI ◽  
TIZIANA CATONE ◽  
LAURA FABRIZI ◽  
LUIGI MARVASI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Antibacterial Drug ◽  
Rabbit Muscle ◽  
Therapeutic Treatment ◽  
Antibacterial Drugs ◽  
Maximum Residue Level ◽  
Food Species ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
A Minor

Although rabbit meat production represents a very small percentage of the world meat market, this percentage has been growing continuously during the last 30 years. Rabbit is considered a minor food species, and therefore no drugs are specifically registered for this animal. This situation encourages rabbit farmers to make off-label use of antibacterial drugs authorized for food-producing animal species other than rabbits. In the present study, the distribution and elimination of the fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent marbofloxacin in rabbit muscle, liver, and kidney was investigated. Marbofloxacin was chosen as a representative of a new generation of antibacterial drugs active against most gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and mycoplasms; it is well tolerated and has short elimination times in bovine and swine species. Rabbits were treated with marbofloxacin at 2 mg kg of body weight−1 for 5 days. Residual concentrations in liver, kidney, and muscle tissues were determined posttreatment with high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection. Marbofloxacin was rapidly distributed and eliminated from rabbit tissues. Concentrations were higher in the liver and kidney than in muscle. However, 48 h after the end of treatment, marbofloxacin concentrations dropped below the maximum residue level fixed for this antibacterial drug in cattle and pigs. Considering the efficacy of marbofloxacin for the treatment of the most common rabbit diseases, its tolerability, and its short elimination time as verified in the present study, use of this antibacterial drug could be extended to therapeutic treatment of rabbits.

Aflatoxin Contamination of Maize Meal Sold and Consumed in the Three Main Cities of North-Kivu Province of the Democratic Republic of Congo

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Kavugho Muvunga Gloire ◽  
Jasper K. Imungi ◽  
Lucy Njue
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Aflatoxin Contamination ◽  
Composite Sample ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
The North ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Maize Meal ◽  
Open Markets ◽  
North Kivu ◽  
Composite Samples

This study aimed to determine the incidence of aflatoxin contamination of maize meal in the North-Kivu province of D.R.C. The study was conducted in the Beni, Goma and Butembo, the major cities of the North-Kivu province of D.R.C. A multi-stage sampling was applied in all the cities. A total of 30 samples of maize grains were collected. In each city, five principal open markets were considered and in each, sixteen vendors were chosen randomly. From them, two composite samples of 1.5 kg each of maize grains were collected, there by subdividing randomly the sixteen vendors in two groups of eight vendors. Each composite sample of maize grains collected from eight vendors was milled and then a final composite sample of maize meal of one kilogram was taken for laboratory analysis. 25 samples (10 from Beni, 10 from Goma and 5 from Butembo) where milled raw, while 5 other samples from Butembo where grilled before and then where milled. All the samples were analyzed for total aflatoxins using ELISA Kit method according to the manufacturer. Data were subjected to one way ANOVA using Genstat® Discovery 13thEdition at 95% confidence interval (P≤ 0.05). Variable means for measurements showing significant differences in the ANOVA were compared using the LSD. Values were judged to be significantly different by LSD if P< 0.05. The mean levels of aflatoxins in all the maize meals collected in the 3 cities are above 10ppb, the acceptable level of aflatoxins in maize meals for human consumption. The means range between 18.34 and 20.98 ppb, the highest level being in samples collected in Goma city. These results confirm the statement that the maize consumers in all the 3 cities (Beni, Goma and Butembo) are exposed to aflatoxin-contamination as the consumed maize meals are contaminated with aflatoxin at levels surpassing the limits. However, Goma city is highly exposed to aflatoxin contamination.

Residues of famphur in bovine tissues and milk following its application as a pour-on insecticide

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (78) ◽  
pp. 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
AM Annand ◽  
JHP Dingle ◽  
AB Heath ◽  
WA Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Topical Application ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
The Third ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Residue Levels

Three experiments were conducted to determine residues of famphur in tissues and milk of cattle following its topical application. Subcutaneous fat, sampled by biopsy, from animals treated at 150 mg famphur per kg body weight contained maximum residues of famphur (about 10 mg kg-1, average) one day after treatment. Levels of treatment at 50 mg kg-1 and 25 mg kg-1 yielded similar but lower residues after the same period (2.08 and 1.8 p.p.m, respectively). The half-life of famphur residues was independent of the initial residue levels and was calculated as 0.9 day. Mean residues were negligible (highest mean 0.08 p.p.m.) by five days after treatment. Post-mortem sampling of cattle treated with famphur at 45 mg kg-1 showed that at one day and seven days after treatment, residues in fats (up to 1.25 p.p.m. and 0.53 p.p.m. respectively) and muscle (1.41 p.p.m. and 0.71 p.p.m. respectively) were similar but were higher than the negligible levels (0.05 p.p.m. or less) found in liver and kidney. By 14 days, levels in all tissues were very low (0.11 p.p.m. or less). In milk from cows treated with 23 mg famphur kg-1, 76 per cent of the famphur was found in the butterfat and a maximum level (0.237 p.p.m.) in whole milk was found in the first milking after treatment. Residues were negligible (0.008 p.p.m.) by the third day.

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