scholarly journals Efficacy of some synthetic antibiotics on Streptococcus pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis isolated from fish tanks

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Idowu ◽  
N. B. Ikenweive ◽  
A. A. Alimi ◽  
A. A. Akinyemi
Keyword(s):  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Diseased Fish ◽  
Food Fish ◽  
Inhibition Zones ◽  
Concrete Tank ◽  
Fish Tanks

Effects of some synthetic antibiotics on Streptococcus pnemoniae and Proteus mirabilis isolated from cultured Clarias gariepinus, an important food fish raised in a concrete tank was carried out to ascertain their remedies on mortalities of the Clarias gariepinus adult fish. Streptococcus pnemoniae and Proteus mirabilis were isolated from the gill and skin of diseased fish and water samples and identified by standard microbiological methods.The bacteria isolates were tested for sensitivity on ten (10) antibiotics namely Amoxycillin, Gentamicin, Nitrofurantoin, Erythromycine, Augmentin, Tetracycline, Naladoxic acid, Cotrimoxazole, Cloxacillin and Ofloxacin. These organisms reacted differently to the different antibiotics that were used - Ofloxacine, Gentamycin and Erythromycine had highest zones of inhibition of 26mm and 26mm, 24mm and 19mm, 16mm and 17mm respectively around Streptococcus pnemoniae and Proteus mirabilis, but Naladoxic acid, Augmentin, Cloxacillin and Amoxycillin had no inhibition zones around both organisms. It is therefore recommended that Ofloxacine, Gentamycin and Erythromycine can be used to combat S. pnemoniae and P. mirabilis diseases in fish farms because of their high antibacterial potentials against the test organisms.

scholarly journals Estimation of Length-Weight Relationship and Proximate Composition of Catfish (Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822) from Two Different Culture Facilities

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 566
Author(s):  
Olaniyi Alaba Olopade ◽  
Mercy Gbaramana ◽  
Nenibarini Zabbey
Keyword(s):  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Culture Systems ◽  
Weight Relationship ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Fish Flesh ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Earthen Ponds ◽  
Concrete Tank

This study was carried out to determine and compare the proximate composition and length weight relationship of C. gariepinus from two culture systems (earthen and concrete ponds). The fish samples were collected from three fish farms with same cultural condition in different areas of Obio-akpor Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria. Result on the length- weight relationship revealed that C.gariepinus reared in concrete tank had a total length of 15.50- 49.00cm with a mean of 32.71cm and weight of 150-625g, while total length of C. gariepinus reared in the earthen pond ranged from 19.90-58.0cm with a mean of 39.8cm and weight of 195-825g. The T- test shows that the total length of earthen pond were significantly higher than the concrete tank and the weight in the earthen pond was significantly higher than the concrete tank. Parameters of proximate composition analysed were moisture, protein, lipid, carbohydrate, ash and fiber from the fish flesh. Protein content showed a significantly higher in the earthen ponds than the concrete tanks. Ash contents varied from 1.5±1.66-7.4±0.67% in the concrete tanks and were significantly higher than the earthen ponds which ranged from 3.1±0.94-4.5±2.11%. Lipid was significantly higher in earthen ponds than concrete tanks. Generally, the two culture systems have a significant influence on length–weight relationship and nutritional value of C. gariepinus. However, C. gariepinus reared in concrete tank had a heavier body weight than earthen pond and also C. gariepinus reared in earthen pond had highest nutritive values than the concrete tank.

Incidence and molecular characterization of fungi and yeast isolated from cultured catfish and Nile tilapia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
Ola Hashem ◽  
Viola Zaki ◽  
Rawia Adawy
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Penicillium Spp

Objective: To study the incidence and seasonal dynamics of different fungi affected freshwater fishes in Lake Manzala with molecular identification of the isolated fungi. Animals: 300 Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and 300 catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Design: Descriptive study. Procedures: Random samples of Oreochromis niloticus (O. niloticus) and Clarias gariepinus (C. gariepinus) were collected from Manzala fish farms. Clinical and postmortem examination of fish was applied. Isolation and identification of different fungi were performed by conventional methods. Furthermore, the molecular characterization of isolated fungi was carried out. Results: C. gariepinus had a higher rate of infection with different fungal species than O. niloticus. Aspergillus spp. (Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus) were the most fungal isolated from the examined fishes, followed by Penicillium spp. and Candida albicans. Aspergillus spp were detected in all seasons with a higher rate in summer and spring. A. flavus, A. niger, Penicillium spp. and C.albicans isolates were amplified from both C. gariepinus and O. niloticus at the specified molecular weight using PCR. Conclusion and clinical relevance: Fungal infection affected the fish showing different external and internal lesions, all species of Aspergillus were found in all seasons with a high rate in, hot seasons, summer and spring. The Prevalence of Penicillium and C. albicans were also reported. All fungal isolates were identified on the phenotypic and molecular bases.

Comparative characteristics of the conditions for harvesting, transportation and spawning of pike perch in fish farms in Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-55
Author(s):  
Nina Sergeevna Badryzlova
Keyword(s):  
State Enterprise ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Fish Hatchery ◽  
Fish Breeding ◽  
Live Fish ◽  
First Case ◽  
Pike Perch ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Fish Tanks ◽  
White Clay

A description of biotechnical methods of harvesting pike perch in natural reservoirs, methods of catching pike perch spawners, keeping in adaptation cages and transporting pike perch from fishing sites to the farm is given. Pike perch breeders were caught from the reservoirs with fixed and floating nets during the period: in the Kapshagai reservoir from 10 to 20 April; in the Syrdarya river — from April 20 to May 5. The adaptation was carried out in cages located in the coastal zone. Transportation to the fish farm was carried out in live fish tanks with a volume of 1 and 3 m³ with water aeration. The reproduction of pike perch was carried out in two fish farms of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The data on spawning of pike perch in two ways are given: in cages on nests; as well as the receipt of reproduction products by the factory method from “flowing” producers. In the first case, females and males were placed in cages in a ratio of 1:1 and 1:2; a spawning nest was installed in each cage and spawning was monitored. In the second case, from the “flowing” pike perch breeders ready for spawning, reproductive products (eggs and sperm) were obtained, fertilization and degluing were carried out with a suspension of white clay. The monitoring of hydrochemical indicators was constantly carried out, the dates of the beginning and end of spawning of pike perch were determined. The article presents the fish-breeding and biological characteristics of pike perch producers participating in spawning. The mass of spawned pike perch females in LLP “Halyk Balyk” ranged from 2 kg to 2.5 kg, males — 1.5–2.5 kg; females weighing 2.1–2.6 kg were used in the Republican State Enterprise “Kamyshly-Bashsky Fish Hatchery”; males — from 1.2 kg to 2.4 kg. Based on the results of the research, biotechnical standards were developed for the preparation of pike perch producers in water bodies, for transportation to fish farms, standards for spawning of pike perch in various ways.

scholarly journals ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ACTINOMYCETES FROM SOIL OF AD-DAWADMI, SAUDI ARABIA AND SCREENING THEIR ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gouse Basha Sheik ◽  
Muazzam Sheriff Maqbul ◽  
Gokul Shankar S. ◽  
Ranjith M S
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Streptomyces Sp ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Inhibition Zones

Objective: To isolate and characterize novel actinomycetes and to evaluate their antibacterial activity against drug-resistant pathogenic bacteriaMethods: In the present study, 19 soil samples were collected from different localities of Ad-Dawadmi, Saudi Arabia. Actinomycetes were isolated from these samples using serial dilution and plating method on Actinomycetes isolation agar supplemented with nalidixic acid and actidione to inhibit bacteria and fungi. Crude extracts of potential actinomycetes were produced by submerged fermentation. The antimicrobial activity of crude extracts of actinomycetes was tested against different bacteria using the agar well diffusion method. Characterization of the isolates was done by morphological, physiological and biochemical methods.Results: A total of 9 (47%) isolates of actinomycetes were isolated from 19 different soil samples tested. Among them, 4 (44%) isolates confirmed as Streptomyces sp. showed potential antimicrobial activity against one or more test organisms. Crude extracts were made from these 4 actinomycetes isolates(DOM1, DOM3, DP3, DP4)and tested for their antibacterial activities against 4 different clinical bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus). Crude extract from DP3 isolate showed highest antibacterial activity against all the four test organisms (28 mm, 21 mm, 20 mm and 18 mm) respectively and DP4 showed lowest antibacterial activity against all the four test organisms (14 mm, 12 mm, 0 mm, 6 mm) respectively. The highest zone of inhibition was shown by DP3 against Staphylococcus aureus (28 mm) and Escherichia coli was resistant for DP4. Most of the Inhibition zones produced by crude extracts showed significant differences when compared with control, tested against test organisms (P<0.05). Inhibition zones produced by DP3 and DOM1 against Staphylococcus aureus were 28 mm and 23 mm, respectively which were strong active when compared with control Ciprofloxacin (18 mm).Conclusion: Further studies for purification of bioactive metabolites and molecular characterization analysis of isolated Streptomyces sp. are in progress which would be helpful in discovering novel compounds of commercial value.

scholarly journals Determination of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns between Different Strains of Propionibacterium Acnes

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusufu, W. N. ◽  
Suleiman, H. O. ◽  
Akwa, V. Y. ◽  
David, D. L. ◽  
Taiga, A.
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Propionibacterium Acnes ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
No Inhibition ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Weak Activity ◽  
Inhibition Zones ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) isolated in infections of deep tissues was originally thought to be as a result of improper sterilization of skin and hence contamination of medical processes with this commensal/ normal flora of the skin. P. acnes has latter been identified as the principal agent responsible for the progression of some deep tissue diseases. The antimicrobial susceptibility patterns between different strains of P. acnes was determined. Ten (10) P. acnes clinical isolates of infections were considered, two (2) from acne vulgaris and eight (8) [two (2) per recA types 1A1, 1B, II and III] from lumber herniation tissues. Antibiotic susceptibility of some antibiotics was also determined and resistance to tetracycline was seen in 1 isolate, trimethoprim (1 isolate) and weak activity seen in 5 isolates. Heteroresistance to rifampicin was witnessed among 6 isolates. Upon four days of incubation, no inhibition of the bacterial growth by tetracycline in isolate 1(III). Isolate 17(1B) had no inhibition from trimethoprim. There was low inhibition of P. acnes by this antibiotic in isolates 71(IA1), 82(IB), 55(II), 1 (III) and 64(III). Amoxicillin and rifampicin created greater zones of inhibition among P. acnes isolates. Erythromycin was the next most inhibiting antibiotic with greater inhibition zones. Although Rifampicin had large inhibition zones, heteroresistance was observed among isolates 82(IB), 24(II), I (III), 17(IB), 55(II) and 71(IA1) as colonies were observed growing within the zones after 4 days of incubation. The antibiotics resistance expressed in the study were seen displayed among the lumber disc herniation isolates only with none involving acne vulgaris isolates. This study supports the theory that most P. acnes isolates in deep tissues exhibit higher rate of antibiotic resistance. P. acnes hence might be named the etiological agent of foreign-body infections like infections of indwelling medical devices.

scholarly journals In-vitro Control of Oral Thrush Causal Organisms Using Medicinal Plants Extracts

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-382
Author(s):  
Abosede M. EBABHI ◽  
Adedotun A. ADEKUNLE ◽  
Yoma I. OGHENERHABOKE
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Oral Thrush ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Oral hygiene is important to the generality of the human healthcare system. For this, the antifungal activities of the aqueous and ethanol extracts of four medicinal plants of Jatropha curcas (stem), Eucaluptus golbulus (leaves), Vernonia amygdalina (stem) and Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides (root) were carried out in vitro against three species of Candida associated with oral thrush namely C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis using the disc diffusion agar assay. The zones of inhibition varied with the test organisms as well as the extracts. The ethanolic extract of Jatropha curcas showed the highest zone of inhibition of 10.88 ± 0.22 mm against C. albicans while the least zone of inhibition (6.13 ± 0.13 mm) was exhibited by the ethanol extract of Z. zanthoxyloides on C. glabrata. The preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of tannin, saponin, alkaloids, flavonoids and reducing sugar in all plant samples. This study can be further used as a foundation for the screening of phytochemical constituents by pharmaceuticals for the control and eradication of oral thrush.

scholarly journals Genetic Characterization Based on Rapd-Pcr in Cultured Strains of Clarias gariepinus (Siluriformes: Clariidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
Ola-Oladimeji Folasade Adesola ◽  
Michael Olufemi Awodiran ◽  
Victor Folorunso Olaleye ◽  
Joel Idowu Awopetu
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Dna Polymerase ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Distance Matrix ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Polymerase Chain

The genetic polymorphisms of catfish populations collected from four fish farms in four Southwestern states of Nigeria were determined by Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA Polymerase Chain Reaction technique. This was to characterize the strains genetically and provide information on the studied catfish. Following standard procedures, polymerase chain reaction was performed by mixing 15 μl reaction mixture containing FIREPOL® Taq DNA polymerase, MgCl2, dNTPs, distilled water, dyes and glycerol, with 1.0 μl DNA sample of 16-week old C. gariepinus strains using OPA03, OPA04, OPC02, OPB08, OPC11, OPG16, OPG19 and OPA19 primers. A sum of 1708 loci having 3072 bands was amplified in all the samples. The RAPD analysis revealed significant genetic variability (P<0.05) among the four sampled populations. The unweighted pair group method with average (UPGMA) dendrogram based on Nei’s unbiased genetic distance matrix separated the Clarias gariepinus populations into two clades. The first clade was made up of populations from Ibadan and Abeokuta while the second clade consisted of populations from Ado-Ekiti and Ile-Ife. Thus, it is imperative to determine the genetic variation and population structure of the stocks of C. gariepinus in advance before commencing on breeding programmes.

scholarly journals Gram Negative Bacteria (GNB) Isolated From Used Home-made and Surgical Nose/Face Mask by Local Residents of Akungba Akoko, Ondo State, a Threat to Life and False Sense of Protection against SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Oludare Temitope Osuntokun
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Haemophilus Influenza ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
False Sense ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition

Nose/Face masks are physical barriers to respiratory droplets that may enter through the nose and mouth to cause infections in the respiratory tract. The study was determined and assess the presence of Gram-negative bacteria in used home-made and surgical nose mask by residents of Akungba-Akoko Ondo State and to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility and resistant profile of the isolated bacteria to eight (8) different antimicrobial agents. The antimicrobial analysis were performed using standard microbiological and biochemical methods. Antimicrobial Susceptibility test of all identified isolates to antimicrobial agents were determined using the standard Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The Gram-negative bacteria that were detected from the used home-made and surgical nose mask in this study include: Haemophilus influenza, Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia. During this study, all the Gram-negative bacteria isolates were resistant to Ciproflox in both used home-made and surgical nose mask. All isolates were also resistant to Ampicilin, Augmentin, Septrin and Streptomycin. In this study, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated organism from used home-made nose mask, it was observed that Escherichia coli were resistant to Augmentin, Tarivid, Ciproflox, Gentamycin, and Reflaxine, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were resistant to Tarivid, Ciproflox, and Nalidixic acid between 20 mm and 24 mm zones of inhibition respectively. Haemophilus influenza, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis were isolated organism from used surgical nose mask. It was observed that all isolated organisms from the used surgical nose/face mask were resistant to Augmentin and Gentamycin between 20 and 24 mm zones of inhibition respectively. Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated from both used home-made and surgical nose/face mask and were found to be resistant to Streptomycin, Septrin, Ampicilin, and Gentamicin between 20 to 22 mm zones of inhibition respectively. Proteus mirabilis were isolated from used surgical nose/face mask,        they were found to be resistant to Ciproflox at 21mm zones of inhibition. Haemophilus influenza were resistant to Ampicilin, Septrin, Streptomycin, and Augmentin at 23 mm zones of inhibition. Isolates from used both home-made and surgical nose/face mask were subjected to modified and synergized antibiotics, it was observed that the isolates from both used home-made and surgical nose mask were resistant to all modified and synergized antibiotics between 20 and 25 mm zones of inhibition respectively. The result of this study validates the potency of  Gram negative bacteria isolated from used both home-made and surgical nose/face mask and the degree of invasion and evasiveness, thereby causing various degrees of infections and a false sense of protection against SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). Finding from this research recommends a stringent measures were needed to be implemented, to halt and combat this revenging situation especially in the new era of mutating SARS-CoV-2 Virus not only in Nigeria, worldwide at large.

scholarly journals Monitoring of productive and biochemical parameters of young Clarias gariepinus during feeding of Skretting and Roycher AQUA feeds in experimental conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (95) ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
A. M. Trofymchuk ◽  
V. S. Bitiutskyi ◽  
N. Ye. Grynevych ◽  
O. A. Oleshko ◽  
V. M. Polishchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Fish Products ◽  
High Feed ◽  
Mathematical Calculation ◽  
Aquaculture Facilities ◽  
Plastic Containers

The article presents the results of monitoring the productive and biochemical indicators of the growth rate of young clary catfish using dry extruded complete feed for fish, which have proven to be best adapted for use at all stages of growing clary catfish, namely: Skretting and Roycher AQUA in experimental conditions. The research was conducted in the educational and experimental laboratories of Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University from 2019 to 2021. For the experiment, we used the young of the African marble clary catfish (Clarias gariepinus), purchased from one of the fish farms in the Odesa region. Clary catfish fry was kept in four rectangular plastic containers for 90 liters of freshwater. The tanks were two-thirds full (60 liters). The water temperature was maintained at 26 °C. For the experiment, 120 fries were used, which were kept in four plastic tanks by the method of analogs of 30 specimens each. Given that the fry differed in weight (for experiment 1 we selected fry with higher weight, and for experiment 2 – with lower weight), they were divided on the principle of analogs into two experimental and two control groups. Based on the results of monitoring in Experiment 1, fish observations, and mathematical calculation, we found that the feed ratio when fed Skretting and Roycher AQUA starter feed is 0.74 and 0.99 %, respectively. Based on the results of monitoring, fish observations, and mathematical calculation, it was found that the feed ratio in experiment 2 when feeding starter feed Skretting and Roycher AQUA is 0.75 and 1.54 %, respectively. The high feed rate for the use of Roycher AQUA can be explained by overuse due to the grinding of the granules. Growing aquaculture facilities in an artificially formed system – production, allows you to get environmentally friendly fish products all year round. This is a very important criterion in modern environmental conditions.

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