Inorganic Elements of Mangium Stem (Acacia mangium Willd) from Different  Provenanc

This study aimed to investigate the ash content and concentrations of inorganic elements present in the stem of Acacia mangium. The tree samples (24 years) were collected from five different provenances (Sidei, West of Morehead, Daintree, Ellerbeck, and El Arish). Meanwhile, the disc samples were obtained from the trunk of each tree on the lower parts. The samples were collected from four radial positions (bark, sapwood, outer heartwood, inner heartwood), and the ash and insoluble acid contents were determined. Furthermore, the concentration of 5 elements (Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, K, and Na) was measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). The interaction of provenance and radial position factors affected ash and potassium contents. Also, acid insoluble ash and calcium contents showed a provenance factor effect. The barks obtained from the tree samples contained the highest concentrations of ash content and most of the elements. The wood and bark of El-Arish provenance showed the lowest (0.50~0.72%) and highest levels (4.75%) of ash content respectively. Furthermore, the highest amount of insoluble acid ash (3075 ppm) and calcium (4513 ppm) content was also measured in samples of El-Arish provenance, and radial position factor was a significant source of variation for Ca, Mg, Na, and Mn concentrations. Except Mg, the inner and outer portions of the heartwood mostly showed no significant difference in unprecedented element concentrations. Ash content was positively correlated with Ca in sapwood (r=0.39) and Mn in bark (r=0.54). In addition, moderate correlations were observed between Mg and Ca in heartwood (r=0.63) and bark (r=0.54) tissues. For ash and silica content, the comparatively low concentration on samples from El-Arish provenance are good options to improve wood quality for breeding programs.

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Relationship between Growth and Wood properties in Agathis sp. Planted in Indonesia

Wood Research Journal ◽

10.51850/wrj.2012.3.1.1-5 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Futoshi Ishiguri ◽

Kazuko Makino ◽

Imam Wahyudi ◽

Jun Tanabe ◽

Yuya Takashima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wood Quality ◽

Basic Density ◽

Tree Breeding ◽

Wood Properties ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Pilodyn Penetration ◽

The Mean ◽

The Relationship

The present study clarified the relationship between the growth and wood properties of 54-year-old Agathis sp. trees planted in Indonesia. Stem diameter, pilodyn penetration, and stress-wave velocity (SWV) were measured for all trees (35 trees) in a plot (30  30 m) located almost at the center of a stand. Based on the mean stem diameter, 10 standard trees in a plot were selected for measuring the basic density (BD) and compressive strength parallel to grain (CS). Core samples (5 mm in diameter) were collected from the 10 selected trees to determine BD and CS. The mean stem diameter, pilodyn penetration and SWV in the plot were 40.2  11.3 cm, 23.4  2.1 cm, and 3.85  0.43 km/s, respectively. No significant correlation coefficeint (r = -0.327, no significance at 5% level) was obtained between stem diameter and SWV. The mean BD and CS in the 10 trees were 0.42  0.03 g/cm3 and 28.1  2.7 MPa, respectively. A significant positive correlation was observed between BD and CS. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a significant difference between BD and CS values of the 10 trees, indicating that wood properties may differ among trees with the same standard growth in a stand. From these results, we concluded that wood quality improvement in this species could be achieved by selecting trees with high density and strength in tree breeding programs.

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Variation in the Wood Properties of Paraserianthes Falcataria Planted In Indonesia

IAWA Journal ◽

10.1163/22941932-90001645 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 339-348 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

F. Ishiguri ◽

J. Eizawa ◽

Y. Saito ◽

K. Iizuka ◽

S. Yokota ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Fiber Length ◽

Early Stage ◽

Wood Quality ◽

Basic Density ◽

Tree Breeding ◽

Basic Knowledge ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Paraserianthes Falcataria ◽

Significant Difference

In many tree breeding programs, plus trees have been selected according to growth rate or stern form in trees. Trees that have a high growth rate or good stern form do not always produce industrially desirable wood. Therefore criteria for wood quality should be considered in tree breeding programs. The objective of this study is to obtain the basic knowledge for breeding for wood quality in Paraserianthes falcataria, an important commercial tree species of Indonesia. Variation in the growth, log properties, basic density, and fiber length in 13-year-old P. falcataria was investigated. Even though all trees were the same age, diameter at breast height showed high variation, indicating a significant variance in the growth rate of seedlings. Significant differences in the log properties (green density, dynamic Young's modulus, and stress-wave velocity) were observed among the trees. Basic density showed a constant value up to 10 cm from pith, at which point it began to increase. The fiber length increased up to 10 cm from the pith and then showed an almost constant value. According to the radial variation of the basic density and fiber length, wood is categorized as core wood, which includes that up to 10 cm from the pith, and outer wood, which is that from 10 cm to the bark. In addition, a significant difference in the basic density of core wood was observed among the trees, indicating that the selection of a plus tree with high-density wood in this species is possible at a relatively early stage. These results indicate that the wood quality in P. falcataria can be improved through tree breeding.

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Comparison of agronomic characters of Festulolium, Festuca pratensis Huds. and Lolium multiflorum Lam. genotypes under high elevation conditions in Turkey

Bangladesh Journal of Botany ◽

10.3329/bjb.v37i1.1556 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ilknur Akgun ◽

Metin Tosun ◽

Suleyman Sengul

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Lolium Multiflorum ◽

High Elevation ◽

Ash Content ◽

Festuca Pratensis ◽

Higher Plant ◽

Green Matter ◽

Significant Difference

Prior {Lolium perenne Ã Festuca pratensis) and Elmet (Lolium multiflorum Ã Festuca pratensis) cultivars were compared with Festuca pratensis Huds. and Lolium multiflorum Lam. genotypes for some agronomical characteristics (green and dry matter yields, crude protein, seed yield, crude ash content) under Erzurum ecological conditions. Analysis of variance and mean separation were performed using the SPSS 11.0 computer program. There was a significant difference among genotypes in every character tested except for green and dry matter yield and crude ash content. Hybrid genotypes had higher plant height, dry and green matter yield, seed yield per plant and crude protein yield except 1000-seed weight. Elmet performed better than Prior except for seed yield per plant. Â Key words: Festulolium, Lolium, Festuca, Yield, Crude protein, Crude ash doi:10.3329/bjb.v37i1.1556 Bangladesh J. Bot. 37(1): 1-6, 2008 (June)

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Evaluation the energy production potential of aggressively invasive Prosopis juliflora Sw (Fabacea): An emerging threat in the Bundala Ramsar Wetland

10.21203/rs.3.rs-55474/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

W.A.R.T.W. Bandara ◽

Oshadi Ruwanthika Ranasinghe ◽

Richard Vlosky

Keyword(s):

Sri Lanka ◽

Invasive Plant ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Volatile Matter ◽

Prosopis Juliflora ◽

Ash Content ◽

Biomass Ash ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Ramsar Wetland ◽

Level Of Significance

Abstract Prosopis juliflora is an invasive plant species rapidly expanding in the Asian and African continents. Invasion of P. juliflora in Bundala Ramsar Wetland (BRW) in Sri Lanka has created a number of biodiversity and conservation issues. This study was conducted to assess the possibility to utilize this invasive plant as a fuel source for local industries. The moisture content, wood density, ash content, volatile matter, fixed carbon content, biomass/ash ration and calorific value of P. juliflora were measured and compared with Leucaena leucocephala, which is a widely used fuelwood source in Sri Lanka and elsewhere. P. juliflora, performed better than L. leucocephala for most of these parameters. Ash content was comparatively higher in P. juliflora than that of L. leucocephala; however, biomass to ash ratio of P. juliflora was significantly lower (at 0.05 level of significance) than that of L. leucocephala, suggesting its suitability as a fuelwood source. Further, the Fuel Value Index (FVI) of P. juliflora (3,276) was slightly lower than that of L. leucocephala (3,336), a non-significant difference. P. juliflora and L. leucocephala reached Fiber Saturation Point values within drying periods of 24 and 27 days, respectively. According to our estimates of energy properties, 1 Kg of P. juliflora could be used to substitute 0.5 L of diesel and furnace oil as well as 5 kWh (5 units) of electricity. As such, we recommend harvesting P. juliflora from BRW as a potential fuelwood energy source for local industries.

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Nutrient composition of pastoralist's raw milk of different breeds of cattle in Adamawa and Taraba states, Northeastern Nigeria

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v47i2.130 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

pp. 217-223

Author(s):

Z. Adamu ◽

M. B. Ardo ◽

Y. H. Aliyara

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Local Governments ◽

Management Practices ◽

Raw Milk ◽

Fat Content ◽

Ash Content ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Moisture Contents ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Content Range

This study was carried out to determine the proximate composition of raw milk produced in pastoral settlements. Six hundred pastoralists' raw milk samples were collected from 20 local governments in Adamawa and Taraba states, Nigeria. Milk samples were collected from White Fulani (WF), Red Bororo (RB) and Sokoto Gudali (SG) breeds of cattle and were analyzed for protein, fat, ash and moisture contents. The protein content ranged between 3.62±0.38% -3.95±0.11% in WF, 3.29±0.8% - 3.94±0.10% in RB and 3.31±0.27%- 3.95±0.09% in SG in Adamawa and Taraba states. The fat content ranged between 3.55±0.47% - 3.99±0.03% in WF, 3.98±0.04% - 3.98±0.06% in RB and 3.32±0.20% - 3.45±0.27% in SG. The ash content recorded was between 0.40±0.06% -0.41±0.04% in WF, 0.40±0.06% - 0.43±0.07% in RB and0.39±0.06% - 0.41±0.08% in SG, and the moisture content in Adamawa and Taraba states were between 83.52±2.07% - 84.00±0.57% in WF, 82.28±1.05% - 83.73±0.63% in RB and 82.90±1.48% - 83.56±1.35%in SG. The study from the two states revealed protein value between 3.29± 0.8% - 3.95±0.11%, fat content range of3.32±0.20% - 3.99±0.03%, ash content of between 0.39± 0.06% - 0.43±0.07% and moisture content that ranged between 82.28± 1.05% - 84.00±0.57%. Constituents of milkfrom Taraba state were higher in values than those from Adamawa sate. The statistical analysis of the results at95% confidence level showed significant difference among breeds and states. In comparison, the three breeds that resided in Adamawa state had least values, which could be attributed to herd management practices. This study showed that all the three pastoralists' breeds indicated desirable components in their milk Cross breeding with higher breeds and provision of quality feed and water may lead to better yield in all the breeds in this study.

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Differential Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes and Physiological Changes in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Under Drought Stress

Notulae Scientia Biologicae ◽

10.15835/nsb11210390 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 266-276

Author(s):

Kamal MIRI-HESAR ◽

Ali DADKHODAIE ◽

Saideh DOROSTKAR ◽

Bahram HEIDARI

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Field Capacity ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Plant Production ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Drought Tolerant ◽

Severe Water Stress ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Relative Water

Drought stress is one of the most significant environmental factors restricting plant production all over the world. In arid and semi-arid regions where drought often causes serious problems, wheat is usually grown as a major crop and faces water stress. In order to study drought tolerance of wheat, an experiment with 34 genotypes including 11 local and commercial cultivars, 17 landraces, and six genotypes from International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) was conducted at the experimental station, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Iran in 2010-2011 growing season. Three different irrigation regimes (100%, 75% and 50% Field Capacity) were applied and physiological and biochemical traits were measured for which a significant difference was observed in genotypes. Under severe water stress, proline content and enzymes’ activities increased while the relative water content (RWC) and chlorophyll index decreased significantly in all genotypes. Of these indices, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and RWC were able to distinguish tolerant genotypes from sensitives. Moreover, yield index (YI) was useful in detecting tolerant genotypes. The drought susceptibility index (DSI) varied from 0.40 to 1.71 in genotypes. These results indicated that drought-tolerant genotypes could be selected based on high YI, RWC and SOD and low DSI. On the whole, the genotypes 31 (30ESWYT200), 29 (30ESWYT173) and 25 (Akbari) were identified to be tolerant and could be further used in downstream breeding programs for the improvement of wheat tolerance under water limited conditions.

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Physicochemical Characteristics and Microbiological Quality of Honey Produced in Benin

Journal of Food Quality ◽

10.1155/2018/1896057 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

François Ezin Azonwade ◽

Armand Paraïso ◽

Cokou P. Agbangnan Dossa ◽

Victorien T. Dougnon ◽

Christine N’tcha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reducing Sugars ◽

Microbiological Quality ◽

Physicochemical Characteristics ◽

Ash Content ◽

International Standards ◽

Free Acidity ◽

Total Sugars ◽

Microbiological Characteristics ◽

Significant Difference

Honey is a very complex biological product. It has great diversity, giving it a multitude of properties, both nutritionally and therapeutically. This study aimed to study the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of honeys collected during the dry and rainy seasons in the different phytogeographical areas of Benin. The study revealed that all honeys had pH, water content, electrical conductivity, ash content, free acidity, total sugars, and reducing sugars, respectively, ranging within 3.65–4.09; 12.07–13.16%; 530.25–698.50 μs/cm; 0.42–0.53%; 35.67–40.52 meq/kg; 60–70%; and 58–70%. Moisture content, total sugars, and reducing sugars varied very significantly (p<0.05top<0.001) from one area to another and from one season to another. However, only the production season has a significant influence (p<0.05) on the pH of the honey. With regard to the ash content, free acidity, and electrical conduction, no significant difference (p>0.05) between the zones or between the seasons was observed. The results of the microbiological characterization showed that there is heterogeneity in the microbial load. These results have shown that these honeys meet international standards and their characterization will make it possible to obtain Beninese quality labels.

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A comparative study of selenium concentration and glutathione peroxidase activity in normal and breast cancer patients

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980008001924 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 59-63 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Masoumeh Moradi ◽

Mohammad Hassan Eftekhari ◽

Abdolrasoul Talei ◽

Abdolreza Rajaei Fard

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Glutathione Peroxidase ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Selenium Concentration ◽

Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽

Breast Cancer Patients ◽

Healthy Women ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Gpx Activity ◽

Control Study

AbstractObjectiveThe present study was undertaken to compare plasma Se values and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity in normal and breast cancer patients.DesignIn a case–control study, forty-five breast cancer patients and the same number of healthy women were randomly selected from their population. Se was measured in plasma by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and GPX activity in erythrocytes was measured using a standard spectrophotometric method.ResultsPlasma Se concentration in healthy women and breast cancer patients was in the normal range, with no statistically significant difference observed between the two groups (138·40 (sd 40·36) μg/l v. 132·15 (sd 35·37) μg/l, respectively). Erythrocyte GPX activity was significantly (P<0·01) higher in breast cancer patients (24·81 (sd 11·66) U/g Hb) compared with healthy women (20·29 (sd 4·24) U/g Hb).ConclusionThe present study indicated that Se deficiency was not a problem in the participants, and sufficient quantity of this element could increase GPX activity to have a protective effect against oxidative damage.

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Seedling vigour in wheat - sources of variation for genetic and agronomic improvement

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar00147 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

pp. 41 ◽

Cited By ~ 107

Author(s):

R. A. Richards ◽

Z. Lukacs

Keyword(s):

Linear Correlation ◽

Slow Growth ◽

Early Growth ◽

Seedling Vigour ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Positive Linear Correlation ◽

Sources Of Variation ◽

And Performance ◽

Seed Characteristics

The early growth of wheat is slow compared with that of barley and triticale. This is expected to limit the yield of wheat in environments where greater seedling vigour is advantageous. To overcome the slow growth of wheat, genetic sources of seedling vigour are required for use in breeding programs, and/or ways to increase seedling growth by manipulating seed characteristics. This study reports (i) new sources of and 3 heights at cutting (cutting was done when the grass reached 0.5, 1, and 1.5 m above the ground). The N fertiliser treatment did not yield any significant difference in DMD, ND, or IVDMD. Height at cutting had a significant (P < 0.05) effect on rumen DMD and ND and their degradability characteristics for all incubation times. There was a reduction in DMD and ND and their degradability characteristics as plant height increased at cutting. Similarly, as height at cutting increased there was a decline in IVDMD. There was a positive linear correlation between IVDMD and both DMD and ND at 48, 72, 96, and 120 h (r = 0.917, 0.923, 0.921, and 0.850 for DMD; r = 0.795, 0.814, 0.787, and 0.787 for ND). Hence, further study on intake and performance of animals is suggested to develop Napier-based diets for smallholders.

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Mineral Content Removal after Papacarie Application in Primary Teeth: A Quantitative Analysis

Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry ◽

10.17796/jcpd.34.3.k15t8q1805538524 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 229-231 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

ST Bittencourt ◽

JR Pereira ◽

AW Rosa ◽

KS Oliveira ◽

JS Ghizoni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Speed ◽

Mineral Content ◽

Primary Teeth ◽

Close Correlation ◽

Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽

Cavity Preparation ◽

Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group A ◽

Group B

The aim of this study was to quantify the mineral content removed from primary teeth after using a chemomechanical system, called Papacarie®. Materials: Twenty human primary extracted molars were divided into two groups of 10 specimens each. Group A presented sound molars and Group B decayed molars on the occlusal or occlusal-proximal surface. In Group A, cavities in enamel and dentin with high speed drills were made before treatment. All teeth were treated with Papacárie® following the manufacturer's instructions. Each cavity was filled in with the product, allowing curing for 45 seconds, and then removed with the noncutting edge of the curette. The collected material was sent for laboratory analysis using atomic absorption spectrophotometry technique. Medians for each group were calculated through the application of Mann-Whitney and a statistically significant difference (p <0005) was observed. To verify the quantity of calcium removed from sound tissue, the median of calcium in group A (0.08% Ca) was compared with that of the gold standard (0.04% Ca), which showed a close correlation of values between them. Results indicate that the amount of calcium removed with Papacárie® affects only the carious component of teeth. This goes in accordance with the principles of cavity preparation and follows the current philosophy of preventive dentistry.

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