Fuelwood Characteristics of Five Species Grown in Merauke Forest

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Nunik Sri Wahyuni ◽  
Joko Sulistyo
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Acacia Mangium ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Eucalyptus Pellita ◽  
Moisture Content Level ◽  
Production Forests

Papua has a large area of production forests, such as in Merauke. These forests provide great benefits for the pulp and wooden industries, which generate a large amount of biomass waste. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the proximate analysis, specific gravity, calorific value, and Fuelwood Value Index (FVI) of wood and bark of five species, namely Acacia mangium Willd, Acacia crassicarpa A. Cunn, Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell, Melaleuca viridiflora Sol. Ex Gaertn, and Lophostemon suaveolens Sol. Ex Gaertn. The calorific value ranged from 4,066 to 5,435 cal/g, while the FVI values ranged from 4.04 to 76.41. The highest calorific value was observed in the bark of Melaleuca viridiflora, while the highest fuelwood value index  was observed in Eucalyptus pellita wood. Furthermore, the calorific value of wood was higher compared to the bark in all species. There was no significant correlation between specific gravity, calorific or FVI value. It is noticed that a strong correlation (r = -0.92*) was observed between the calorific value and volatile matter in the bark. Based on the proximate analysis results, only the moisture content level was significantly correlated with the calorific value of wood or bark.

scholarly journals Analyses of Bio-Energy Properties from Malaysian Local Plants: Sentang and Sesendok

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Nazia Hossain ◽  
Rafidah Jalil
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Tropical Country ◽  
Local Plants ◽  
Very High ◽  
Proximate Analyses

Various types of plants with several energy analysis methods have been experimented to produce bio-energy. In this study, two Malaysian local plants Sentang (Azadirachta excelsa) and Sesendok (Endospermum malaccense) have been used to determine their capability of bio-energy production. Our study focused on the analyses of bio-energy properties by using proximate analysis method separating moisture content (%), volatile matter (%), ash content (%), fixed carbon (%) and calorific value (MJ/kg) from Sentang and Sesendok. Proximate analyses of these plants proved lengthy flammability, very high amount of ignition, heat generation, net energy and negligible pollution effect. The calorific values for Sentang and Sesendok are 16.84 MJ/kg and 16.95 MJ/kg respectively. As Malaysia is tropical country mapping a large area of land with an evergreen plantation, so both trees Sentang and Sesendok species would be the efficient sources of bio-energy production.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Woody Cutting Waste Briquette with Paper Waste Pulp as Binder

2020 ◽  
Vol 190 ◽  
pp. 00030
Author(s):  
Qurrotin Ayunina Maulida Okta Arifianti ◽  
Azmi Alvian Gabriel ◽  
Syarif Hidayatulloh ◽  
Kuntum Khoiro Ummatin
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Ignition Time ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Hydraulic Press ◽  
Combustion Characteristic ◽  
Paper Waste ◽  
Iron Mold

The current research aimed to increase the calorific value of woody cutting waste briquette with paper waste pulp as binder. There were three different binder variation used in this study, they are 5 %, 10 %, and 15 %. To create a briquette, a cylindrical iron mold with diameter of 3.5 cm and height of 3 cm and a hydraulic press with 2 t power were applied. The physical characteristics of the combination woody waste briquette and paper waste pulp, such as moisture content, ash content, volatile matter and carbon fix were examined using proximate analysis. The calorific value of briquetted fuel was tested by bomb calorimeter. The combustion test was performed to determine the combustion characteristic of briquettes, for example initial ignition time, temperature distribution, and combustion process duration. The general result shows that the calorific value of briquette stood in the range of 4 876 kCal kg–1 to 4 993 kCal kg–1. The maximum moisture content of briquette was 5.32 %. The longest burning time was 105 min.

scholarly journals Chemical Properties of Charcoal Briquette with Composition Types of Gerunggang (Cratoxylon Arborescens) and Tumih (Combretocarpus Rotundatus) Wood from Tropical Peatlands

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Alpian ◽  
Raynold Panjaitan ◽  
Adi Jaya ◽  
Yanciluk ◽  
Wahyu Supriyati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Pioneer Plants

Charcoal briquettes can be an alternative energy and can be produced from Gerunggang and Tumih types of wood. These two types of wood are commonly found in Kalampangan Village as pioneer plants on burned peatlands. The research objective was to determine the chemical properties of charcoal briquettes produced from biomass waste from land processing without burning with several compositions of Gerunggang wood and Tumih wood. The chemical properties of charcoal briquettes refer to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 01-6235-2000) and Standard Permen ESDM No. 047 of 2006. The results showed that all composition treatments in the ash content test, fixed carbon content and calorific value met the standards, while the test for volatile content in all treatment compositions did not meet the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 01-6235-2000). The composition of the most potential chemical properties and following the two standards used is the composition of 100% Tumih with ash content of 7.67%, volatile matter content of 27.23%, fixed carbon of 55.00%, and heating value of 5902.18 cal/g.

scholarly journals Physiochemical Properties of Cotton Stalk Biomass from Aricultural Residues

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 343-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dobariya Umesh ◽  
P Sarsavadiya ◽  
Krishna Vaja ◽  
Khardiwar Mahadeo
Keyword(s):  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Residues ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Cotton Stalk ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Physiochemical Properties ◽  
Feed Stock ◽  
Energy Conversion Process

The study was undertaken to investigate the properties of cotton stalk fuel from the agricultural residues. The whole cotton stalk plant is converted into shredded material with the help of cotton stalk shredder. The capacity of cotton stalk shredder machine is 218 kg/h. The proximate analysis of the shredded cotton stalk in terms of bulk density 34.92 kg / m3 moisture content 13.63 %, volatile matter 74.52 %, ash content (4.95 %, fixed carbon 20.53 % and calorific value of cotton stalk biomass (3827 cal/g) respectively. were showed that agricultural residues are the most potential and their quantitative availability, Since the aim by using shredded cotton stalk as feed stock for energy conversion process of the developed gasifier.

Biomass Pellets from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OP-EFB)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-68
Author(s):  
Rahman Farhan Aditya
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Binder Ratio ◽  
Binder Concentration

Oil Palm growths in Indonesia are getting higher every year. Oil palm plantationproduced various waste, including oil palm empty fruit bunches (OP-EFB). 95 % Indonesia energy demand still provided by the fossil fuel and only 5 % provided by renewable energy, which provide opportunity of OP-EFB biomass pellets to be utilized as alternative resource. The research of biomass still low, especially research of OP-EFB biomass pellets. Therefore, the research objectives were to determine the production process of OP-EFB and to define the most effective binder and binder ratio for the biomass pellets. This research experiments  consist of shredding, chopping, drying, grinding, and sieving as raw material pretreatment. Also, varying the binder and binder concentration of the mixture between raw materials was the part of this thesis research. The binders used in this thesis research are PVAC paste and tapioca based paste with 4 variations of concentration. The analyses of the biomass pellets characteristic are density,compressive strength, proximate analysis (moisture, ash, volatile matter, and fixed carbon), calorific value, combustion rate, and gas chromatographic & mass spectroscopy (GCMS). The result shows that OP-EFB biomass pellets are qualified to be considered as biomass pellets. The most effective OP-EFB biomass pellets is biomass pellets with 10% tapioca binder concentration.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ANALYSES OF COMBUSTION EFFICIENCIES OF COALS FROM NIGERIA FOR POWER GENERATION

2019 ◽  
pp. 49-59
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Coal Sample ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Research Center ◽  
Energy Research ◽  
Comparative Analyses ◽  
Fuel Ratio

Three coal samples from Onyeama (Enugu State), Owukpa (Benue State) and Odagbo (Kogi State) in Nigeria were collected and tested. These were characterized to determine the proximate and the ultimate analyses, calorific value and the thermogravimetric analysis, and their combustion efficiencies for power generation comparatively analyzed. The proximate analysis and the calorific value tests were done at the Energy Research Center, University of Nigeria – Nsukka, while the ultimate analysis test was conducted at the National Geosciences Research Laboratory, Kaduna. Also, the thermogravimetric analysis was carried out at the Energy Research Center, Usman Danfodio University, Sokoto. From the test results, the moisture contents ranged from 10.60 to 16.80%. The Owukpa coal sample had the highest moisture content of 16.80%, followed by Odagbo with 15.95% and Onyeama bearing 10.60%. The volatile matter contents of the samples indicated that Owukpa had the highest value of 19.95%, followed by Onyeama with 18.65% and Odagbo having the least value of 18.58% respectively. Similarly, the Owukpa coal sample had the highest fixed carbon of 55.22% followed by Onyeama with 53.36% and Odagbo with the lowest value of 50.38%, while the ash contents showed Onyeama to possess the highest value of 17.39%, and closely followed by Odagbo with 15.06% and Owukpa having the lowest content of 8.03%. Moreso, Onyeama coal sample with the highest fuel ratio of 2.86 would give the best ease of ignition and fuel burnout followed by Owukpa (2.77), and Odagbo (2.71). The percentages of the elemental carbon of Onyeama, Owukpa and Odagbo coal samples were 52.2170, 53.8178 and 50.8754% respectively, while the hydrogen contents indicated Onyeama (4.7236%), Owukpa (4.0141%) and Odagbo (3.8163%). The nitrogen, sulphur and oxygen contents obtained revealed Onyeama (1.3756, 0.10 and 13.6938%), Owukpa (1.4350, 0.10 and 15.9031%) and Odagbo (1.4260, 0.92 and 12.8423%) respectively. Consequently, the Onyeama coal sample had the highest heating value of 32.916MJ/kg, followed by Odagbo (32.037MJ/kg) and Owukpa (30.062MJ/kg). Based on the comparative analyses, the Onyeama coal indicated the overall best fuel sample followed by Owukpa and then Odagbo in that order in-view of their fuel ratio, combustion efficiencies, quality of the fuel, ease of ignition and fuel burnout.

scholarly journals Compaction as a sustainable alternative to dried sludge from poultry slaughterhouse wastewater for energy generation

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio Peretti da Silva ◽  
Martha Andreia Brand ◽  
Philipe Ricardo Casemiro Soares ◽  
Matheus de Liz Salamon ◽  
Taíse Mariano Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Charcoal Production ◽  
The One ◽  
Dried Sludge ◽  
Pinus Spp ◽  
Compressive Resistance

ABSTRACT: The generation of wastes in poultry abattoirs has increased considerably in recent years due to the growing demand for chicken meat. This fact, combined with the current need for developing new forms of renewable energy from biomass, and the lack of disposal facilities, motivated this study. We determined the technical feasibility of the barbecue charcoal production using briquettes produced with different blends containing sludge from a poultry abattoir and Pinus spp. shavings. To that end, we have mixed both residues by gradually adding 10 to 90 % of sludge in the blends, which resulted in 9 treatments containing sludge, and 1 containing only shavings. After that, we produced four briquettes of each treatment and charred them by using a heating ramp. After charring, we submitted the charcoal to the analyzes of Moisture Content (MC), Bulk Density (BD), Compressive Resistance (CR), Gross Calorific Value (GCV), and Proximate Analysis (PA). We calculated the Gravimetric Yield (GY) and the Energy Density (ED) by using the results from the other analyzes. Results showed that the CR, the GCV, the Volatile Matter (VM), and the Fixed Carbon Content (FC) of the charcoals decreased by increasing the proportion of sludge in the blends. However, the charcoals’ bulk density (BD) increased, which also increased its energy density (ED) and ash content (AC). The best blend to produce charcoal for household use was the one containing 90 % of sludge and 10 % of Pinus spp. shavings.

scholarly journals Hydrothermal Treatment of Herb Residue for Solid Fuel Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Fredy Surahmanto ◽  
Didik Nurhadiyanto ◽  
Mujiyono Mujiyono ◽  
Chinnathan Areeprasert ◽  
Mochamad Syamsiro
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Treatment ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Char Yield ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Final Temperature ◽  
Solid Water ◽  
Water Ratio

Hydrothermal processing is appraised as one of  advanced technologies for wet solid waste handling. In this study, herb residue was subjected to hydrothermal treatment. Calorific value, yield, and also proximate analysis of obtained hydro-char were investigated. A cylindrical reactor with an internal volume of 2.5 Litres made of stainless steel and a low-tech component was used in the experiment. The reactor was equipped with a stirrer to ensure heat transfer took place through the entire parts of the solid-water mixture. Solid products were dried by a microwave oven before analysis. The results show that the final temperature, holding time, and solid-water ratio have various effects on the hydro-char yield, calorific value, and proximate analysis of the hydrothermal products. The hydro-char yield decreased with the increase in final temperature and holding time. Meanwhile, the highest hydro-char yield was obtained at the solid-water ratio of ¼. The hydro-char calorific value increased with the increase in final temperature, holding time, and solid-water ratio. The rise in final temperature, holding time, and solid-water ratio resulted in  a lower moisture content and volatile matter but higher fixed carbon. Meanwhile, the ash content increased with the solid-to-water ratio.

Physic-Chemical Characterization of a Waste from Olive Industry

2015 ◽  
Vol 663 ◽  
pp. 140-147
Author(s):  
Alicia Ronda ◽  
Gabriel Blázquez ◽  
Carmen Martínez ◽  
M. Teresa Cotes ◽  
M. Ángeles Martín-Lara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Low Sulfur ◽  
Olive Industry ◽  
Direct Use

In this work, a waste form olive industry was characterized in terms of its physical–chemical properties, which can be useful for its use in biosorption processes or in pyrolysis units. The characterization results showed that the solid presents a good size distribution to be use as biosorbent or as fuel, although it can be improve with a milled step. The initial moisture content is very high (around 40%), being one of the main characteristics of the solid that makes its direct use as a fuel difficult. However, the low sulfur value (< 0.1%) is very suitable from the environmental point of view, reducing SO2 emissions. The results of the proximate analysis showed a high content of ashes and the gross calorific value within the range of most biomass waste, was 5100 kcal/kg.

Mechanical, physical and chemical properties of saw dust briquette

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Arul Kumar ◽  
H. Kanaga Sabapathy ◽  
I. Neethimanickam
Keyword(s):  
Mass Density ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Shearing Strength ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The present study deals with determination of physical, mechanical and combustion characteristics like mass, density, compressive strength, shearing strength, moisture content, total ash content, fixed carbon, volatile matter, gross calorific value of Sawdust briquette. Briquette quality is evaluated mainly by briquette density. Briquette density is very important from the viewpoint of manipulation, burning speed, briquette durability, etc. During our research, theoretical analyses of parameters which have an impact on briquette quality were conducted. The sawdust sample produced using super-70 piston press machine. The compression test and shear test were conducted for three sawdust sample using compression testing machine. For quality and durability evaluation of the manufactured briquette the density and strength properties were determined. To determine the calorific value and proximate analysis of the briquette using the tests carried out in the lab.

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